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均す

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Japanese

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Kanji in this term
均
なら
Grade: 5
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
平す

Etymology

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From Old Japanese.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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均(なら)す • (narasu) transitive godan (stem 均(なら)し (narashi), past 均(なら)した (narashita))

  1. to flatten, level (the ground, etc.)
    • c. 1177-1188, Iroha Jiruishō (volume 5, Na 20 reverse)[2]
      鏟　ナラス 平大石也
      (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    • 1603, Vocabvlario da Lingoa de Iapam (Nippo Jisho) [Vocabulary of the Language of Japan] (in Portuguese), Nagasaki, page 315:
      [3]
      Giuo narasu. （地を均す）土地を平らにする。
    • 1914, 夏目漱石 [Natsume Sōseki], chapter 5, in こゝろ [Kokoro], 上 先生と私 [Sensei and I]:
      向(むこ)うの方(ほう)で凸凹(でこぼこ)の地面(じめん)をならして新墓地(しんぼち)を作(つく)っている男(おとこ)が、鍬(くわ)の手(て)を休(やす)めて私(わたくし)たちを見(み)ていた。
      Mukō no hō de dekoboko no jimen o narashite shin-bochi o tsukutte iru otoko ga, kuwa no te o yasumete watakushi-tachi o mite ita.
      A man levelling the uneven ground to make new graves paused his hoeing and looked at us.
  2. to average, make things equal

Conjugation

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Conjugation of "均す" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 均さ ならさ narasa
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 均し ならし narashi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 均す ならす narasu
Rentaikei ("attributive") 均す ならす narasu
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 均せ ならせ narase
Meireikei ("imperative") 均せ ならせ narase
Key constructions
Passive 均される ならされる narasareru
Causative 均させる
均さす 		ならさせる
ならさす 		narasaseru
narasasu
Potential 均せる ならせる naraseru
Volitional 均そう ならそう narasō
Negative 均さない ならさない narasanai
Negative continuative 均さず ならさず narasazu
Formal 均します ならします narashimasu
Perfective 均した ならした narashita
Conjunctive 均して ならして narashite
Hypothetical conditional 均せば ならせば naraseba
Classical conjugation of "均す" (サ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 均さ ならさ narasa
Continuative (連用形) 均し ならし narasi
Terminal (終止形) 均す ならす narasu
Attributive (連体形) 均す ならす narasu
Realis (已然形) 均せ ならせ narase
Imperative (命令形) 均せ ならせ narase
Key constructions
Negative 均さず ならさず narasazu
Contrasting conjunction 均せど ならせど narasedo
Causal conjunction 均せば ならせば naraseba
Conditional conjunction 均さば ならさば narasaba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 均しき ならしき narasiki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 均しけり ならしけり narasikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) 均しつ ならしつ narasitu
Perfect tense (natural event) 均しぬ ならしぬ narasinu
Perfect-continuative tense 均せり
均したり		 ならせり
ならしたり		 naraseri
narasitari
Volitional 均さむ ならさむ narasamu

Derived terms

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References

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  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ Tadakane, Tachibana with Atsuo Masamune (ed.) (c. 1177-1188), Iroha Jiruishō (in Japanese), Kazama Shobō, published 1971
  3. ^ Doi, Tadao (1603–1604), Hōyaku Nippo Jisho (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 1980, →ISBN.

Old Japanese

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Root nar- relates to “flat, flatness”.

Noun

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均す (narasu) (kana ならす)

  1. to flatten, level (the ground, etc.)
    • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 14, poem 3546:
      ,[1] text here
      安乎楊木能波良路可波刀爾奈乎麻都等西美度波久末受多知度奈良須母
      awoyagi2 no2 pararo1 kapato1 ni na wo matu to2 semi1do1 pa kumazu tatido1 narasu mo
      (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 20, poem 4491:
      ,[2] text here
      於保吉宇美能美奈曾己布可久於毛比都都毛婢伎奈良之思須我波良能佐刀
      opoki1umi1 no2 mi1naso2ko2 pukaku omopi1tutu mobi1ki1 narasisi sugapara no2 sato1
      (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Conjugation

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Classical conjugation of "均す" (サ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 均さ ならさ narasa
Continuative (連用形) 均し ならし narasi
Terminal (終止形) 均す ならす narasu
Attributive (連体形) 均す ならす narasu
Realis (已然形) 均せ ならせ narase
Imperative (命令形) 均せ ならせ narase
Key constructions
Negative 均さず ならさず narasazu
Contrasting conjunction 均せど ならせど narasedo
Causal conjunction 均せば ならせば naraseba
Conditional conjunction 均さば ならさば narasaba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 均しき ならしき narasiki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 均しけり ならしけり narasikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) 均しつ ならしつ narasitu
Perfect tense (natural event) 均しぬ ならしぬ narasinu
Perfect-continuative tense 均せり
均したり		 ならせり
ならしたり		 naraseri
narasitari
Volitional 均さむ ならさむ narasamu

Derived terms

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Descendants

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  • Japanese: 均す, 平す (narasu)

References

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  1. ^ Satake, Akihiro with Hideo Yamada, Rikio Kudō, Masao Ōtani, and Yoshiyuki Yamazaki (c. 759), Shin Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei 2: Man’yōshū 2 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 2000, →ISBN.
  2. ^ Satake, Akihiro with Hideo Yamada, Rikio Kudō, Masao Ōtani, and Yoshiyuki Yamazaki (c. 759), Shin Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei 4: Man’yōshū 4 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 2003, →ISBN.
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