執事

See also: 执事

Chinese

		execute (a plan); grasp	matter; thing; item matter; thing; item; work; affair
trad. (執事)		執	事
simp. (执事)		执	事

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhíshì

  (Zhuyin): ㄓˊ ㄕˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zap¹ si⁶
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): chṳp-sṳ

  (Changting, Changting Pinyin): zhï² sï⁵

• Jin (Wiktionary): zeh⁴ si³
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chip-sū / chip-sīr

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhíshì
    • Zhuyin: ㄓˊ ㄕˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhíhshìh
    • Wade–Giles: chih²-shih⁴
    • Yale: jŕ-shr̀
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyrshyh
    • Palladius: чжиши (čžiši)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂɻ̩³⁵ ʂɻ̩⁵¹/
    • Homophones:

      edit edit 執事 / 执事 直視 / 直视

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: zap¹ si⁶
    • Yale: jāp sih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzap⁷ si⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: zeb¹ xi⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɐp̚⁵ siː²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chṳp-sṳ
    • Hakka Romanization System: ziib^ˋ sii
    • Hagfa Pinyim: zib⁵ si⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sɨp̚² sɨ⁵⁵/
  • (Changting)
    • Changting Pinyin: zhï² sï⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡ʃɻ̩²⁴ sɹ̩²¹/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: zeh⁴ si³
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡səʔ² sɹ̩⁴⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chip-sū
    • Tâi-lô: tsip-sū
    • Phofsit Daibuun: cipsu
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sip̚³²⁻⁴ su²²/
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sip̚³²⁻⁵ su²²/
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sip̚³²⁻⁴ su³³/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chip-sīr
    • Tâi-lô: tsip-sīr
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sip̚⁵⁻²⁴ sɯ⁴¹/

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• Middle Chinese: tsyip dzriH

Rime
Character	執	事
Reading #	1/1	2/2
Initial (聲)	章 (23)	崇 (20)
Final (韻)	緝 (141)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	之入切	鉏吏切
Baxter	tsyip	dzriH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕiɪp̚/	/d͡ʒɨH/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕip̚/	/ɖ͡ʐɨH/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕjep̚/	/d͡ʒieH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/cip̚/	/ɖ͡ʐɨH/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕiəp̚/	/d͡ʒiəH/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕĭĕp̚/	/d͡ʒĭəH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡ɕi̯əp̚/	/ɖ͡ʐʱiH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhi	zhì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zap1	zi6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[t]ip  [m-s-]rəʔ-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*tjib  zrɯs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	執	事
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhí	shì
Middle Chinese	‹ tsyip ›	‹ dzriH ›
Old Chinese	/*[t]ip/	/*[m-s-]rəʔ-s/
English	seize	serve; service, affair
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	執	事
Reading #	1/1	2/2
No.	17290	11486
Phonetic component	執	史
Rime group	緝	之
Rime subdivision	2	0
Corresponding MC rime	執	事
Old Chinese	/*tjib/	/*zrɯs/
Notes	甲金文象梏人雙手， 幸象梏非聲	史吏轉註字

Noun

執事

1. (Christianity) deacon
2. (literary) attendant
3. (literary) your Excellency
4. (literary) job; duties

Synonyms

• (job):

edit

• 工作 (gōngzuò)
• 差事 (chāishi)
• 差使 (chāishi)
• 活
• 穡頭 / 穑头 (Taiwanese Hokkien)
• 職務 / 职务 (zhíwù)
• 頭路 / 头路 (Hakka, Hokkien)

Verb

執事

1. (literary) to perform one's job

References

• 周存 [Zhōu, Cún], editor (2023), “执事”, in 长汀话词典 CHANGTINGHUA CIDIAN [Dictionary of Changting Dialect] (overall work in Hakka and Mandarin), Guangzhou: 世界图书出版有限公司 [World Book Publishing Co., Ltd.], →ISBN, page 810.

Japanese

Kanji in this term
執	事
しつ Grade: S	じ Grade: 3
on'yomi

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɕi̥t͡sɨʑi]
• (Tokyo) しつじ [shíꜜtsùjì] (Atamadaka – [1])
• (Tokyo) しつじ [shìtsúꜜjì] (Nakadaka – [2]) non-lexical pitch that some speakers employ to reconcile coinciding devoicing and accenting

Noun

執(しつ)事(じ) • (shitsuji) 

1. Steward; butler.
2. Court official.
3. Deacon (Anglican, Lutheran, etc.).

Coordinate terms

• (butler): メイド (meido, “maid”)

References

• “執事”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026