場

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search
See also: 场
場 U+5834, 場
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5834
← 堳
[U+5833] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 堵 →
[U+5835]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
12 strokes

Han character[edit]

場 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 土日一竹 (GAMH), four-corner 46127, composition ⿰土昜)

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 234, character 8
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5278
  • Dae Jaweon: page 472, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 462, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+5834

Chinese[edit]

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (昜) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
湯 *l̥ʰaːŋ, *l̥ʰaːŋs, *hljaŋ
踼 *l̥ʰaːŋ, *l̥ʰaːŋʔ, *l'aːŋ, *l'aːŋs
蝪 *l̥ʰaːŋ
薚 *l̥ʰaːŋ
簜 *l̥ʰaːŋ, *l'aːŋʔ
盪 *l̥ʰaːŋ, *l̥ʰaːŋs, *l'aːŋʔ
偒 *l̥ʰaːŋʔ
蕩 *l̥ʰaːŋs, *l'aːŋʔ
燙 *l̥ʰaːŋs
啺 *l'aːŋ
碭 *l'aːŋ, *l'aːŋs
婸 *l'aːŋʔ
愓 *l'aːŋʔ
璗 *l'aːŋʔ
崵 *l'aːŋʔ, *laŋ
逿 *l'aːŋs
暢 *l̥ʰaŋs
畼 *l̥ʰaŋs
腸 *l'aŋ
場 *l'aŋ
傷 *hljaŋ, *hljaŋs
殤 *hljaŋ
觴 *hljaŋ
慯 *hljaŋ, *hljaŋs
禓 *hljaŋ, *laŋ
塲 *hljaŋ
陽 *laŋ
楊 *laŋ
揚 *laŋ
瘍 *laŋ
煬 *laŋ, *laŋs
鍚 *laŋ
暘 *laŋ
颺 *laŋ, *laŋs
昜 *laŋ
輰 *laŋ
敭 *laŋ
鰑 *laŋ
諹 *laŋ, *laŋs
瑒 *laŋ, *rlaːŋʔ
鸉 *laŋ
餳 *ljaːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *l'aŋ): semantic 土 (“earth”) + phonetic 昜 (OC *laŋ).

Etymology 1[edit]

trad. 場
simp. 场*
alternative forms 㘯
塲

Etymology not certain; perhaps related to Tibetan ར་བ (ra ba, “enclosure; fence; wall; yard”) and 宁 (OC *da, *daʔ, “space between the door and the entrance screen”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Note:
  • tiûⁿ/tiôⁿ - vernacular;
  • tiông/tiâng/chhiâng - literary.
Note:
  • dion5/diên5 - vernacular (diên5 - Chaozhou);
  • ciang5 - literary.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Rime
    Character 場
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 澄 (11)
    Final (韻) 陽 (105)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 直良切
    Baxter drjang
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ɖɨɐŋ/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ɖiɐŋ/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ȡiɑŋ/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ɖɨaŋ/
    Li
    Rong         		/ȡiaŋ/
    Wang
    Li         		/ȡĭaŋ/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ȡʱi̯aŋ/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		cháng
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		coeng4
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 場
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		cháng
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ drjang ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[l]raŋ/
    English arena

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 場
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 14580
    Phonetic
    component         		昜
    Rime
    group         		陽
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		長
    Old
    Chinese         		/*l'aŋ/
    Definitions[edit]

    場

    1. open space; field; market; large place used for a specific purpose
      農貿市場／农贸市场  ―  nóngmào shìchǎng  ―  farmer's market
      運動場／运动场  ―  yùndòngchǎng  ―  sportsground
      戰場／战场  ―  zhànchǎng  ―  battlefield
    2. venue; course
      在場／在场  ―  zàichǎng  ―  to be on the scene
    3. stage; platform; stand
      登場／登场  ―  dēngchǎng  ―  to enter the stage or scene
    4. whole show or match
      開場／开场  ―  kāichǎng  ―  (of a performance) to begin
      上半場／上半场  ―  shàngbànchǎng  ―  first half (of a match)
    5. (physics) field (region affected by a particular force)
      磁場／磁场  ―  cíchǎng  ―  magnetic field
    6. (Hong Kong Cantonese) Short for 商場／商场 (“mall; shopping centre”).
      死場／死场 [Hong Kong Cantonese]  ―  sei2 coeng4 [Jyutping]  ―  shopping centre with little customers
    7. Classifier for scenes (of a play).
      第二幕第一場／第二幕第一场  ―  dì èr mù dì yī chǎng  ―  Act 2, Scene 1
    8. Classifier for sporting or recreational activities. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier
      一場音樂會／一场音乐会  ―  yī chǎng yīnyuèhuì  ―  a concert
      打一場輸一場 [Cantonese, trad.]
      打一场输一场 [Cantonese, simp.]
      daa2 jat1 coeng4 syu1 jat1 coeng4 [Jyutping]
      play a round and lose a round
    9. Classifier for exams.
    10. a surname: Chang

    Pronunciation 2[edit]

    Note:
    • tiûⁿ/tiôⁿ - vernacular;
    • tiông/tiâng - literary.
    Note:
    • dion5/diên5 - vernacular (diên5 - Chaozhou);
    • ciang5 - literary.
  • Wu
    • Rime
    Character 場
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 澄 (11)
    Final (韻) 陽 (105)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 直良切
    Baxter drjang
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ɖɨɐŋ/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ɖiɐŋ/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ȡiɑŋ/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ɖɨaŋ/
    Li
    Rong         		/ȡiaŋ/
    Wang
    Li         		/ȡĭaŋ/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ȡʱi̯aŋ/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		cháng
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		coeng4
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 場
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		cháng
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ drjang ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[l]raŋ/
    English arena

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 場
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 14580
    Phonetic
    component         		昜
    Rime
    group         		陽
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		長
    Old
    Chinese         		/*l'aŋ/
    Definitions[edit]

    場

    1. level open space (often as a threshing floor)
    2. (dialectal, colloquial) market
    3. Classifier for events and happenings: spell; bout
      下了一場大雨／下了一场大雨  ―  xià le yī cháng dàyǔ  ―  a deluge rained
      痛哭一場／痛哭一场  ―  tòngkū yī cháng  ―  a moment of bitter tears
      一場戰爭／一场战争  ―  yī cháng zhànzhēng  ―  a war

    Descendants[edit]

    Sino-Xenic (場):
    • → Japanese: 場(じょう) (jō)
    • → Korean: 장(場) (jang)
    • → Vietnamese: trường (場)

    Compounds[edit]

    Etymology 2[edit]

    For pronunciation and definitions of 場 – see 塲 (“mound created by creatures like ants or moles; loose soil; soil that has been tilled”).
    (This character, 場, is a variant form of 塲.)

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    場

    (grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Readings[edit]

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    場
    ば
    Grade: 2
    kun’yomi

    /nipa/ → */niba/*/ⁿba/ → /ba/

    An alteration from Old Japanese 庭 (nipa), modern 庭 (niwa, “garden, yard”).[1][2][3][4]

    First cited to a text from 1275.[5]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    場(ば) • (ba) 

    1. [from 1275] a place
    2. [from 1701] a situation, the circumstances of a particular place and time
      Synonym: (circumstances more generally) 状況 (jōkyō)
    3. [from 1825] an act, a section of a play
    4. [from 1888] (physics) a field
    5. [from 1893] a trading floor, as in a market or exchange
      Synonym: 立会場 (tachiaijō)
    Derived terms[edit]
    Derived terms

    Counter[edit]

    場(ば) • (-ba) 

    1. [from 1825] an act, a section of a play

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    場
    じょう
    Grade: 2
    goon

    /diou/ → /d͡ʑoː/ ↔ /ʑoː/

    From Middle Chinese 場 (MC drjang). Appears as a suffixing element in compounds since the early 700s.[7] First cited as a standalone noun in the 太平記 (Taiheiki) of the late 1300s.[5]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    場(じょう) • (jō) ←ぢやう (dyau)?

    1. [date uncertain] a flattened area used for festivals or ceremonies
    2. [from late 1300s] a place where events are held

    Suffix[edit]

    場(じょう) • (-jō) ←ぢやう (dyau)?

    1. [from early 700s] place, arena, course
    2. [date uncertain] while, period
    Derived terms[edit]

    References[edit]

    1. ^ 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
    2. ^ 1998, 広辞苑 (Kōjien), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 “場”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎[1] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, →ISBN
    6. ^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
    7. ^ “道場”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎[2] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, →ISBN

    Korean[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    From Middle Chinese 場 (MC drjang). Recorded as Middle Korean 塲/댜ᇰ (tyang) (Yale: tyang) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

    Hanja[edit]

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    場 (eumhun 마당 장 (madang jang))

    1. Hanja form? of 장 (“yard; place”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    References[edit]

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Alternative forms[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    場: Hán Việt readings: trường (仲(trọng)良(lương)切(thiết))[2][3][4][1], tràng[4]
    場: Nôm readings: trường[2][3][1], tràng[3]

    1. chữ Hán form of trường (“place; domain; area; school”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    References[edit]

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Bonet (1899).
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Nguyễn (2014).
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
    4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Trần (2004).
    Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=場&oldid=76128363"