壁
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See also: 璧
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]壁 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+13, 16 strokes, cangjie input 尸十土 (SJG), four-corner 70104, composition ⿱辟土)
Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 240, character 10
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5516
- Dae Jaweon: page 479, character 29
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 494, character 8
- Unihan data for U+58C1
Chinese
[edit]simp. and trad. |
壁 | |
---|---|---|
2nd round simp. | 坒 |
Glyph origin
[edit]Old Chinese | |
---|---|
嬖 | *peːɡs |
薜 | *beːɡs, *preːɡ |
鐾 | *beːɡs |
臂 | *peɡs |
譬 | *pʰeɡs |
避 | *beɡs |
檗 | *preːɡ |
擘 | *preːɡ |
糪 | *preːɡ, *pʰreːɡ |
掰 | *preːɡ |
繴 | *breːɡ, *peːɡ |
辟 | *peɡ, *pʰeɡ, *beɡ |
璧 | *peɡ |
鐴 | *peɡ |
躄 | *peɡ |
襞 | *peɡ |
僻 | *pʰeɡ, *pʰeːɡ |
癖 | *pʰeɡ, *pʰeːɡ |
廦 | *pʰeɡ, *peːɡ |
擗 | *beɡ |
躃 | *beɡ |
闢 | *beɡ |
壁 | *peːɡ |
鼊 | *peːɡ |
霹 | *pʰeːɡ |
劈 | *pʰeːɡ |
澼 | *pʰeːɡ |
憵 | *pʰeːɡ |
甓 | *beːɡ |
鷿 | *beːɡ |
幦 | *mbeːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *peːɡ) : semantic 土 (“earth”) + phonetic 辟 (OC *peɡ, *pʰeɡ, *beɡ) – an earthen wall.
Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Proto-Tocharian *pəkənte (“hindering, obstacle”).[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): bi2
- Cantonese (Jyutping): bik1 / bek3 / bik3
- Hakka
- Northern Min (KCR): biă / bĭ
- Eastern Min (BUC): biáh / biéh / bék
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 7piq
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄅㄧˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: bì
- Wade–Giles: pi4
- Yale: bì
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bih
- Palladius: би (bi)
- Sinological IPA (key): /pi⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: bi2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: bi
- Sinological IPA (key): /pi²¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: bik1 / bek3 / bik3
- Yale: bīk / bek / bik
- Cantonese Pinyin: bik7 / bek8 / bik8
- Guangdong Romanization: big1 / bég3 / big3
- Sinological IPA (key): /pɪk̚⁵/, /pɛːk̚³/, /pɪk̚³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: piak
- Hakka Romanization System: biagˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: biag5
- Sinological IPA: /pi̯ak̚²/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
Note:
- Meixian:
- biag5 - vernacular;
- bid5 - literary.
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: biă / bĭ
- Sinological IPA (key): /pia²⁴/, /pi²⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
Note:
- biă - vernacular;
- bĭ - literary.
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: biáh / biéh / bék
- Sinological IPA (key): /piɑʔ²⁴/, /piɛʔ²⁴/, /pɛiʔ²⁴/
- (Fuzhou)
Note:
- biáh/biéh - vernacular;
- bék - literary.
- Southern Min
Note:
- piah - vernacular;
- piak/pek - literary.
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | 壁 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /pi⁵¹/ |
Harbin | /pi⁵³/ | |
Tianjin | /pi⁵³/ | |
Jinan | /pi²¹/ | |
Qingdao | /pi⁵⁵/ | |
Zhengzhou | /pi³¹²/ | |
Xi'an | /pi²¹/ | |
Xining | /pji⁴⁴/ | |
Yinchuan | /pi¹³/ | |
Lanzhou | /pi¹³/ | |
Ürümqi | /pi²¹³/ | |
Wuhan | /pi²¹³/ | |
Chengdu | /pi³¹/ | |
Guiyang | /pi²¹/ | |
Kunming | /pi³¹/ | |
Nanjing | /piʔ⁵/ | |
Hefei | /piəʔ⁵/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /piəʔ²/ |
Pingyao | /piʌʔ¹³/ | |
Hohhot | /piəʔ⁴³/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /piɪʔ⁵/ |
Suzhou | /piəʔ⁵/ | |
Hangzhou | /piəʔ⁵/ | |
Wenzhou | /pi²¹³/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /piʔ²¹/ |
Tunxi | /pi⁵/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /pi²⁴/ /pia²⁴/ |
Xiangtan | /piɒ²⁴/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /piɑʔ⁵/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /piak̚¹/ |
Taoyuan | /piɑk̚²²/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /pek̚⁵/ |
Nanning | /pek̚⁵⁵/ | |
Hong Kong | /pik̚⁵/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /pik̚³²/ /piaʔ³²/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /piɛʔ²³/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /pi²⁴/ /pia²⁴/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /piaʔ²/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /ʔbek̚⁵/ /ʔbia⁵⁵/ |
- Middle Chinese: pek
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.pˤek/
- (Zhengzhang): /*peːɡ/
Definitions
[edit]壁
- wall; partition (Classifier: 堵 mn)
- rampart; defensive wall
- cliff; precipice
- 峭壁 ― qiàobì ― cliff; steep
- something resembling a wall; lumen; surface
- (astronomy) (~宿) Wall (Chinese constellation)
Synonyms
[edit]- (wall):
Compounds
[edit]- 一壁
- 一壁廂/一壁厢
- 九龍壁/九龙壁
- 作壁上觀/作壁上观 (zuòbìshàngguān)
- 傍人籬壁/傍人篱壁
- 削壁 (xuēbì)
- 半壁 (bànbì)
- 半壁江山 (bànbìjiāngshān)
- 半壁河山 (bànbìhéshān)
- 厚壁組織/厚壁组织
- 向壁虛構/向壁虚构 (xiàngbìxūgòu)
- 向壁虛造/向壁虚造 (xiàngbìxūzào)
- 呵壁問天/呵壁问天
- 四壁 (sìbì)
- 四壁蕭條/四壁萧条
- 四處碰壁/四处碰壁
- 土壁
- 堅壁/坚壁 (jiānbì)
- 堅壁清野/坚壁清野 (jiānbìqīngyě)
- 塢壁/坞壁
- 壁上泥皮
- 壁上觀/壁上观 (bìshàngguān)
- 壁中書/壁中书
- 壁報/壁报 (bìbào)
- 壁堵 (piah-tó͘) (Min Nan)
- 壁報紙/壁报纸
- 壁塑
- 壁壘/壁垒 (bìlěi)
- 壁壘分明/壁垒分明
- 壁壘森嚴/壁垒森严 (bìlěisēnyán)
- 壁宿 (Bìxiù)
- 壁廂/壁厢 (bìxiāng)
- 壁櫥/壁橱 (bìchú)
- 壁毯 (bìtǎn)
- 壁燈/壁灯 (bìdēng)
- 壁爐/壁炉 (bìlú)
- 壁牙
- 壁球 (bìqiú)
- 壁畫/壁画 (bìhuà)
- 壁立 (bìlì)
- 壁立千仞 (bìlìqiānrèn)
- 壁紙/壁纸 (bìzhǐ)
- 壁經/壁经
- 壁聽/壁听
- 壁花
- 壁葬 (bìzàng)
- 壁落
- 壁虎 (bìhǔ)
- 壁蝨/壁虱 (bìshī)
- 壁衣
- 壁誌/壁志
- 壁鉤/壁钩
- 壁門/壁门
- 壁飾/壁饰 (bìshì)
- 壁龕/壁龛 (bìkān)
- 大戈壁
- 夾壁/夹壁
- 孔壁古文
- 家徒四壁 (jiātúsìbì)
- 家徒壁立
- 岩壁 (yánbì)
- 峭壁 (qiàobì)
- 龐貝壁畫/庞贝壁画
- 影壁
- 後壁/后壁 (Hòubì)
- 後赤壁賦/后赤壁赋
- 懸岩峭壁/悬岩峭壁
- 懸崖峭壁/悬崖峭壁 (xuányáqiàobì)
- 懸崖絕壁/悬崖绝壁 (xuányájuébì)
- 戈壁 (Gēbì)
- 折壁腳/折壁脚
- 扶牆摸壁/扶墙摸壁
- 拆壁腳/拆壁脚
- 敦煌壁畫/敦煌壁画
- 斷垣殘壁/断垣残壁 (duànyuáncánbì)
- 斷壁殘垣/断壁残垣 (duànbìcányuán)
- 斷壁頹垣/断壁颓垣
- 旗亭畫壁/旗亭画壁
- 映壁
- 板壁 (bǎnbì)
- 東壁/东壁
- 殘垣敗壁/残垣败壁
- 油壁車/油壁车 (yóubìchē)
- 深溝堅壁/深沟坚壁
- 溼壁畫/湿壁画
- 照壁
- 牆壁/墙壁 (qiángbì)
- 牆風壁耳/墙风壁耳
- 畫水掀壁/画水掀壁
- 疥壁
- 石壁 (shíbì)
- 破壁燎火
- 破壁飛去/破壁飞去
- 碰壁 (pèngbì)
- 穿壁引光
- 笆壁
- 籬壁間物/篱壁间物
- 粉壁 (fěnbì)
- 細胞壁/细胞壁 (xìbāobì)
- 絕壁/绝壁 (juébì)
- 絕壁天懸/绝壁天悬
- 聽壁腳/听壁脚
- 聽籬察壁/听篱察壁
- 茅簷土壁/茅檐土壁
- 蓀壁/荪壁
- 薄壁組織/薄壁组织
- 處處碰壁/处处碰壁
- 補壁/补壁
- 補壁之作/补壁之作
- 複壁/复壁
- 護壁/护壁
- 赤壁 (Chìbì)
- 赤壁之戰/赤壁之战
- 赤壁懷古/赤壁怀古
- 赤壁賦/赤壁赋
- 赤壁鏖兵
- 軟壁/软壁
- 這壁廂/这壁厢
- 連續壁/连续壁
- 那壁廂/那壁厢
- 鄉壁虛造/乡壁虚造 (xiàngbìxūzào)
- 重壁
- 銅牆鐵壁/铜墙铁壁 (tóngqiángtiěbì)
- 鏖兵赤壁
- 鐵壁/铁壁
- 鐵壁銅牆/铁壁铜墙
- 鑿壁偷光/凿壁偷光
- 鑿壁懸梁/凿壁悬梁
- 間壁/间壁
- 關稅壁壘/关税壁垒
- 陡壁
- 隔壁 (gébì)
- 隔壁帳/隔壁帐
- 隔壁戲/隔壁戏
- 隔壁聽/隔壁听
- 隔壁醋
- 面壁 (miànbì)
- 面壁下帷
- 面壁功深
- 面壁坐禪/面壁坐禅
- 面壁思過/面壁思过 (miànbìsīguò)
- 頹牆壞壁/颓墙坏壁 (tuí qiáng huài bì)
- 題壁/题壁
- 飛牆走壁/飞墙走壁
- 飛簷走壁/飞檐走壁
- 飛車走壁/飞车走壁
- 高壁深塹/高壁深堑
- 高壁深壘/高壁深垒
- 高壘深壁/高垒深壁 (gāolěishēnbì)
- 鶴壁/鹤壁 (Hèbì)
References
[edit]- ^ Alexander Lubotsky (1998) “Tocharian Loan Words in Old Chinese: Chariots, Chariot Gear, and Town Building”, in The Bronze Age and Early Iron Age peoples of Eastern Central Asia, pages 379-390
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]壁
Readings
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
壁 |
かべ Grade: S |
kun'yomi |
Compound of 処 (ka, “place”) + 重 (he, “division”), in reference to walls dividing objects apart.[1] The he changes to be as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- wall; barrier
- 2011 May 14, “アクア・マドール [Aqua Madoll]”, in Beginner's Edition 1, Konami:
- 水をあやつる魔法使い。分厚い水の壁をつくり敵を押しつぶす。
- Mizu o ayatsuru mahōtsukai. Buatsui mizu no kabe o tsukuri teki o oshitsubusu.
- A water-manipulating magician who crushes his enemies with his massive water walls.
- 水をあやつる魔法使い。分厚い水の壁をつくり敵を押しつぶす。
Coordinate terms
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]Compounds
[edit]- 장벽 (腸壁/障壁, jangbyeok, “barrier”)
- 절벽 (絶壁, jeolbyeok, “a precipice (a very steep cliff)”)
- 방화벽 (防火壁, banghwabyeok, “firewall”)
- 벽장 (壁欌, byeokjang, “closet”)
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]壁: Hán Nôm readings: bích, bệch, bịch, vách
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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