壁

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See also: 璧
壁 U+58C1, 壁
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-58C1
← 壀
[U+58C0] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 壂 →
[U+58C2]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

壁 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+13, 16 strokes, cangjie input 尸十土 (SJG), four-corner 70104, composition ⿱辟土)

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 240, character 10
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5516
  • Dae Jaweon: page 479, character 29
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 494, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+58C1

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 壁
2nd round simp. 坒
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Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (辟) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
嬖 *peːɡs
薜 *beːɡs, *preːɡ
鐾 *beːɡs
臂 *peɡs
譬 *pʰeɡs
避 *beɡs
檗 *preːɡ
擘 *preːɡ
糪 *preːɡ, *pʰreːɡ
掰 *preːɡ
繴 *breːɡ, *peːɡ
辟 *peɡ, *pʰeɡ, *beɡ
璧 *peɡ
鐴 *peɡ
躄 *peɡ
襞 *peɡ
僻 *pʰeɡ, *pʰeːɡ
癖 *pʰeɡ, *pʰeːɡ
廦 *pʰeɡ, *peːɡ
擗 *beɡ
躃 *beɡ
闢 *beɡ
壁 *peːɡ
鼊 *peːɡ
霹 *pʰeːɡ
劈 *pʰeːɡ
澼 *pʰeːɡ
憵 *pʰeːɡ
甓 *beːɡ
鷿 *beːɡ
幦 *mbeːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *peːɡ): semantic 土 (“earth”) + phonetic 辟 (OC *peɡ, *pʰeɡ, *beɡ) – an earthen wall.

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • Meixian:
    • biag5 - vernacular;
    • bid5 - literary.
  • Min Bei
    • Note:
    • biă - vernacular;
    • bĭ - literary.
  • Min Dong
    • Note:
    • biáh/biéh - vernacular;
    • bék - literary.
  • Min Nan
    • Note:
    • piah - vernacular;
    • piak/pek - literary.
  • Wu
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 壁
    Mandarin Beijing /pi⁵¹/
    Harbin /pi⁵³/
    Tianjin /pi⁵³/
    Jinan /pi²¹/
    Qingdao /pi⁵⁵/
    Zhengzhou /pi³¹²/
    Xi'an /pi²¹/
    Xining /pji⁴⁴/
    Yinchuan /pi¹³/
    Lanzhou /pi¹³/
    Ürümqi /pi²¹³/
    Wuhan /pi²¹³/
    Chengdu /pi³¹/
    Guiyang /pi²¹/
    Kunming /pi³¹/
    Nanjing /piʔ⁵/
    Hefei /piəʔ⁵/
    Jin Taiyuan /piəʔ²/
    Pingyao /piʌʔ¹³/
    Hohhot /piəʔ⁴³/
    Wu Shanghai /piɪʔ⁵/
    Suzhou /piəʔ⁵/
    Hangzhou /piəʔ⁵/
    Wenzhou /pi²¹³/
    Hui Shexian /piʔ²¹/
    Tunxi /pi⁵/
    Xiang Changsha /pi²⁴/
    /pia²⁴/
    Xiangtan /piɒ²⁴/
    Gan Nanchang /piɑʔ⁵/
    Hakka Meixian /piak̚¹/
    Taoyuan /piɑk̚²²/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /pek̚⁵/
    Nanning /pek̚⁵⁵/
    Hong Kong /pik̚⁵/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /pik̚³²/
    /piaʔ³²/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /piɛʔ²³/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /pi²⁴/
    /pia²⁴/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /piaʔ²/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /ʔbek̚⁵/
    /ʔbia⁵⁵/
    Rime
    Character 壁
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 幫 (1)
    Final (韻) 錫 (127)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) IV
    Fanqie 北激切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/pek̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/pek̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/pɛk̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/pɛjk̚/
    Li
    Rong         		/pek̚/
    Wang
    Li         		/piek̚/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/piek̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		bi
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		bik1
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 壁
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		bì
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ pek ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*C.pˁek/
    English house wall

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 壁
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 688
    Phonetic
    component         		辟
    Rime
    group         		錫
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		壁
    Old
    Chinese         		/*peːɡ/

    Definitions[edit]

    壁

    1. wall; partition (Classifier: 堵 mn)
      牆壁 / 墙壁  ―  qiángbì  ―  wall
    2. rampart; defensive wall
      壁壘 / 壁垒  ―  bìlěi  ―  rampart; barrier
    3. cliff; precipice
      峭壁  ―  qiàobì  ―  cliff; steep
    4. something resembling a wall; lumen; surface
    5. (astronomy) (～宿) Wall (Chinese constellation)

    Synonyms[edit]

    • (wall):
    Dialectal synonyms of 牆 (“wall”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Classical Chinese 牆, 壁, 垣墉
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 牆, 牆壁, 牆垣
    Mandarin Beijing 牆
    Taiwan 牆
    Jinan 牆
    Luoyang 牆
    Xi'an 牆
    Wuhan 牆
    Chengdu 牆, 壁頭
    Guilin 牆
    Yangzhou 牆
    Hefei 牆
    Singapore 牆壁
    Cantonese Guangzhou 牆
    Hong Kong 牆
    Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 籬壆, 牆
    Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 牆
    Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 牆
    Taishan 牆
    Dongguan 籬
    Yangjiang 牆
    Hepu (Lianzhou) 牆
    Hepu (Shatian) 牆
    Beihai 牆
    Beihai (Nankang) 牆
    Beihai (Yingpan) 牆
    Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 牆壁
    Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 牆
    Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 牆
    Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 牆
    Singapore (Guangfu) 牆
    Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 牆
    Móng Cái 牆
    Gan Nanchang 牆, 壁
    Pingxiang 牆
    Hakka Meixian 牆, 壁
    Yudu 牆
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 壁
    Pingtung (Neipu, S. Sixian) 壁
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong, Hailu) 壁
    Taichung (Dongshi, Dabu) 壁
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin, Raoping) 壁
    Yunlin (Lunbei, Zhao'an) 壁
    Hong Kong 牆, 壁頭
    Senai (Huiyang) 牆
    Huizhou Jixi 牆壁
    Jin Taiyuan 牆
    Min Bei Jian'ou 牆
    Min Dong Fuzhou 牆, 牆壁, 壁
    Min Nan Xiamen 牆, 壁, 壁堵
    Quanzhou 壁堵
    Zhao'an 壁
    Tainan 牆, 壁, 壁堵
    Penang (Hokkien) 牆, 壁
    Singapore (Hokkien) 牆, 壁
    Manila (Hokkien) 壁
    Medan (Hokkien) 壁
    Chaozhou 牆
    Bangkok (Teochew) 牆
    Johor Bahru (Teochew) 牆
    Singapore (Teochew) 壁, 牆
    Puxian Min Putian 牆, 壁
    Putian (Donghai) 牆, 壁
    Putian (Jiangkou) 牆
    Putian (Nanri) 牆, 壁, 牆壁
    Xianyou 牆
    Xianyou (Fengting) 牆
    Xianyou (Youyang) 牆
    Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 牆
    Wu Shanghai 牆頭, 牆壁
    Shanghai (Chongming) 牆
    Suzhou 牆頭, 牆壁
    Danyang 牆頭
    Hangzhou 牆頭
    Ningbo 牆壁
    Wenzhou 屏牆, 牆
    Xiang Changsha 牆壁, 牆, 壁
    Xiangxiang 牆
    Loudi 壁頭
    Shuangfeng 牆頭, 壁頭

    Compounds[edit]

    Derived terms from 壁

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    壁

    (common “Jōyō” kanji)

    Readings[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    壁
    かべ
    Grade: S
    kun’yomi

    (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    壁(かべ) • (kabe) 

    1. wall; barrier
      • 2011 May 14, “アクア・マドール [Aqua Madoll]”, in Beginner's Edition 1, Konami:
        水(みず)をあやつる魔(ま)法(ほう)使(つか)い。分(ぶ)厚(あつ)い水(みず)の壁(かべ)をつくり敵(てき)を押(お)しつぶす。
        Mizu o ayatsuru mahōtsukai. Buatsui mizu no kabe o tsukuri teki o oshitsubusu.
        A water-manipulating magician who crushes his enemies with his massive water walls.

    Coordinate terms[edit]

    References[edit]

    1. ^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    壁 (eumhun 벽 벽 (byeok byeok))

    1. Hanja form? of 벽 (“wall”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    壁: Hán Nôm readings: bích, bệch, bịch, vách

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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