大臣

Chinese

		big; great; huge big; great; huge; large; major; wide; deep; oldest; eldest; doctor	statesman; vassal; courtier statesman; vassal; courtier; minister; official
simp. and trad. (大臣)		大	臣

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): dàchén

  (Zhuyin): ㄉㄚˋ ㄔㄣˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): daai⁶ san⁴
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thai-sṳ̀n
• Min Nan (Hokkien, POJ): tāi-sîn

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: dàchén
    • Zhuyin: ㄉㄚˋ ㄔㄣˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: dàchén
    • Wade–Giles: ta⁴-chʻên²
    • Yale: dà-chén
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dahchern
    • Palladius: дачэнь (dačɛnʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: daai⁶ san⁴
    • Yale: daaih sàhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: daai⁶ san⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: dai⁶ sen⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /taːi̯²² sɐn²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thai-sṳ̀n
    • Hakka Romanization System: tai siinˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: tai⁴ sin²
    • Sinological IPA: /tʰai̯⁵⁵ sɨn¹¹/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tāi-sîn
    • Tâi-lô: tāi-sîn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: daixsiin
    • IPA (Xiamen): /tai²²⁻²¹ ɕin²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tai⁴¹⁻²² ɕin²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tai²²⁻²¹ ɕin¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /tai³³⁻¹¹ ɕin²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tai³³⁻²¹ ɕin²³/

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• Middle Chinese: dajH|daH dzyin

Rime
Character	大	大	臣
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	定 (7)	定 (7)	常 (25)
Final (韻)	泰 (25)	歌 (94)	眞 (43)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I	III
Fanqie	徒蓋切	唐佐切	植鄰切
Baxter	dajH	daH	dzyin
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/dɑiH/	/dɑH/	/d͡ʑiɪn/
Pan Wuyun	/dɑiH/	/dɑH/	/d͡ʑin/
Shao Rongfen	/dɑiH/	/dɑH/	/d͡ʑjen/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/dajH/	/daH/	/d͡ʑin/
Li Rong	/dɑiH/	/dɑH/	/ʑiĕn/
Wang Li	/dɑiH/	/dɑH/	/ʑĭĕn/
Bernard Karlgren	/dʱɑiH/	/dʱɑH/	/ʑi̯ĕn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	dài	duò	chén
Expected Cantonese Reflex	daai6	do6	san4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*lˤat-s|lˤa[t]-s  [ɡ]i[ŋ]/

  (Zhengzhang): /*daːds  ɡiŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	大	大	臣
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	dà	dà	chén
Middle Chinese	‹ daH ›	‹ dajH ›	‹ dzyin ›
Old Chinese	/*lˁat-s/ (MC F!)	/*lˁa[t]-s/	/*[ɡ]i[ŋ]/
English	big	big	slave, subject
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	大	大	臣
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/1
No.	1934	1939	1342
Phonetic component	大	大	臣
Rime group	祭	祭	眞
Rime subdivision	1	1	2
Corresponding MC rime	䭾	大	辰
Old Chinese	/*daːds/	/*daːds/	/*ɡiŋ/
Notes			甲文臧象以戈刺目爲奴， 省戈表不刺者則爲臣， 專指役使於家內者

Noun

大臣

1. minister (of an imperial regime, cabinet, etc.); high-level official (of a monarchy); secretary; chancellor

   Synonym: 部長／部长 (bùzhǎng) (for non-monarchies)

Derived terms

• 內政大臣／内政大臣 (nèizhèng dàchén)

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (大臣):

• → Japanese: 大臣(だいじん) (daijin); 大臣(たいしん) (taishin)
• → Vietnamese: đại thần (大臣)

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
大	臣
だい Grade: 1	じん Grade: 4
goon

From Middle Chinese 大臣 (MC dajH dzyin).

The 呉音 (goon, literally “Wu sound”) reading, so likely the earlier borrowing from Middle Chinese.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) だ​いじん [dáꜜìjìǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [da̠iʑĩɴ]

Noun

大(だい)臣(じん) • (daijin) 

1. (politics) a government minister of Japan or ancient China
2. (politics, historical) a senior minister or superior in the 太政官 (Daijō-kan, “Great Council of State”), namely the 太政大臣 (daijō-daijin), 左大臣 (sadaijin), 右大臣 (udaijin), and 内大臣 (naidaijin)

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 大(だい)臣(じん)官(かん)房(ぼう) (daijin kanbō)
• 大(だい)臣(じん)規(き)範(はん) (daijin kihan)
• 大(だい)臣(じん)家(け) (daijinke)
• 大(だい)臣(じん)政(せい)務(む)官(かん) (daijin seimukan)
• 大(だい)臣(じん)折(せっ)衝(しょう) (daijin sesshō)
• 大(だい)臣(じん)の大(たい)饗(きょう) (daijin no taikyō)
• 大(だい)臣(じん)柱(ばしら) (daijinbashira)
• 大(だい)臣(じん)補(ほ)佐(さ)官(かん) (daijin hosakan)
• 一(いち)の大(だい)臣(じん) (ichi no daijin)
• 右(う)大(だい)臣(じん) (udaijin)
• 大(おお)蔵(くら)大(だい)臣(じん) (ōkura daijin)
• 海(かい)軍(じゅん)大(だい)臣(じん) (kaijun daijin)
• 外(がい)務(む)大(だい)臣(じん) (gaimu daijin)
• 各(かく)省(しょう)大(だい)臣(じん) (kakushō daijin)
• 吉(き)備(び)大(だい)臣(じん) (Kibi Daijin)
• 行(ぎょう)政(せい)大(だい)臣(じん) (gyōsei daijin)
• 欽(きん)差(さ)大(だい)臣(じん) (kinsa daijin)
• 宮(く)内(ない)大(だい)臣(じん) (kunai daijin)
• 軍(ぐん)機(き)大(だい)臣(じん) (gunki daijin)
• 経(けい)済(ざい)産(さん)業(ぎょう)大(だい)臣(じん) (Keizai-sangyō-daijin)
• 厚(こう)生(せい)大(だい)臣(じん) (kōsei daijin)
• 国(こく)土(ど)交(こう)通(つう)大(だい)臣(じん) (Kokudo-kōtsū-daijin)
• 国(こく)務(む)大(だい)臣(じん) (kokumu daijin)
• 左(さ)大(だい)臣(じん) (sadaijin)
• 財(ざい)務(む)大(だい)臣(じん) (zaimu daijin)
• 三(さん)大(だい)臣(じん) (sandaijin)
• 司(し)法(ほう)大(だい)臣(じん) (shihō daijin)
• 主(しゅ)任(にん)の大(だい)臣(じん) (shunin no daijin)
• 主(しゅ)務(む)大(だい)臣(じん) (shumu daijin)
• 総(そう)務(む)大(だい)臣(じん) (sōmu daijin)
• 総(そう)理(り)大(だい)臣(じん) (sōri-daijin)
• 太(だい)政(じょう)大(だい)臣(じん) (daijō-daijin), 太(だ)政(じょう)大(だい)臣(じん) (dajō-daijin)
• 通(つう)商(しょう)産(さん)業(ぎょう)大(だい)臣(じん) (tsūshō-sangyō-daijin)
• 逓(てい)信(しん)大(だい)臣(じん) (teishin daijin)
• 特(とく)命(めい)担(たん)当(とう)大(だい)臣(じん) (Tokumei-tantō-daijin)
• 内(ない)大(だい)臣(じん) (naidaijin)
• 内(ない)務(む)大(だい)臣(じん) (naimu daijin)
• 南(なん)洋(よう)大(だい)臣(じん) (Nan'yō daijin)
• 任(にん)大(だい)臣(じん) (nindaijin)
• 農(のう)林(りん)水(すい)産(さん)大(だい)臣(じん) (nōrin suisan daijin)
• 伴(ばん)食(しょく)大(だい)臣(じん) (banshoku daijin)
• 副(ふく)大(だい)臣(じん) (fukudaijin)
• 法(ほう)務(む)大(だい)臣(じん) (hōmu daijin)
• 堀(ほり)川(かわの)大(だい)臣(じん) (Horikawa no Daijin)
• 無(む)任(にん)所(しょ)大(だい)臣(じん) (muninsho daijin)
• 文(もん)部(ぶ)大(だい)臣(じん) (monbu-daijin)
• 文(もん)部(ぶ)科(か)学(がく)大(だい)臣(じん) (Monbu-kagaku-daijin)
• 郵(ゆう)政(せい)大(だい)臣(じん) (yūsei daijin)
• 百合(ゆり)若(わか)大(だい)臣(じん) (Yuriwaka Daijin)
• 陸(りく)軍(ぐん)大(だい)臣(じん) (rikugun daijin)

See also

• 閣(かく)僚(りょう) (kakuryō)
• 長(ちょう)官(かん) (chōkan)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
大	臣
たい Grade: 1	しん Grade: 4
kan’on

From Middle Chinese 大臣 (MC dajH dzyin).

The 漢音 (kan'on, literally “Han sound”) reading, so likely a later borrowing from Middle Chinese.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) た​いしん [táꜜìshìǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])
• (Tokyo) たいしん [tàíshíń] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [ta̠iɕĩɴ]

Noun

大(たい)臣(しん) • (taishin) 

1. (historical) a major retainer

   Antonym: 小臣 (shōshin)

2. (historical) Same as だいじん (daijin) above

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
大	臣
だい Grade: 1	じん Grade: 4
goon

For pronunciation and definitions of 大臣 – see the following entry: 大尽

(The following entry is uncreated: 大尽.)

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
大	臣
おとど
Grade: 1	Grade: 4
jukujikun

For pronunciation and definitions of 大臣 – see the following entry: 大殿

(The following entry is uncreated: 大殿.)

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 大臣(おとど)兼(がね) (otodogane)
• 阿(あ)波(わの)大臣(おとど) (Awa no Otodo)
• 一(いち)の大臣(おとど) (ichi no otodo)
• 太政大臣(おおきおとど) (ōki otodo)
• 祖父(おおじ)大臣(おとど) (ōji otodo)
• 節(せち)下(げ)の大臣(おとど) (sechige no otodo)
• 染(そめ)殿(どのの)大臣(おとど) (Somedono no Otodo)
• 父(ちち)大臣(おとど) (chichiotodo)
• 左(ひだりの)大臣(おとど) (hidari no otodo)
• 広(ひろ)幡(はたの)大臣(おとど) (Hirohata no Otodo)
• 本(ほん)院(いんの)大臣(おとど) (Hon'in no Otodo)
• 右(みぎの)大臣(おとど) (migi no otodo)

Etymology 5

Kanji in this term
大	臣
おお Grade: 1	おみ Grade: 4
kun’yomi

From 大 (ō-, “big, great”) +‎ 臣 (omi, “vassal”).

Noun

大(おお)臣(おみ) • (ōomi) ^{←おほおみ (ofoomi)?}

1. (politics, historical) a chief consul in the ancient Yamato court, equivalent to and replaced by 左大臣 (sadaijin) and 右大臣 (udaijin) during the Taika Reforms

Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:大臣.

Derived terms

• 内(うちの)大(おお)臣(おみ) (uchi no ōomi)

See also

• 大(おお)連(むらじ) (ōmuraji)

Etymology 6

Kanji in this term
大	臣
おおいもうちぎみ
Grade: 1	Grade: 4
jukujikun

Compound of 大 (ōi-, prefix of superiority) +‎ 公卿 (mōchigimi, “senior court official”).

Noun

大臣(おおいもうちぎみ) • (ōimōchigimi) ^{←おほいまうちぎみ (ofoimautigimi)?}

1. (politics, historical, archaic) a senior minister or superior in the 太政官 (Ōimatsurigoto no Tsukasa, “Great Council of State”)

Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:大臣.

Derived terms

• 太政大臣(おおきおおいもうちぎみ) (ōki ōimōchigimi)
• 左(ひだりの)大臣(おおいもうちぎみ) (hidari no ōimōchigimi)
• 右(みぎの)大臣(おおいもうちぎみ) (migi no ōimōchigimi)

Etymology 7

Kanji in this term
大	臣
おおまえつぎみ
Grade: 1	Grade: 4
jukujikun

Shift from Old Japanese 大臣 (opomape₁tuki₁mi₁).

Equivalent to 大 (ō-, “big, great”) +‎ 公卿 (maetsugimi, ancient pronunciation of mōchigimi, “senior court official who serves before the Emperor”).

Noun

大臣(おおまえつぎみ) • (ōmaetsugimi) ^{←おほまへつぎみ (ofomafetugimi)?}

1. (politics, historical, archaic) a senior minister or superior in the 太政官 (Ōimatsurigoto no Tsukasa, “Great Council of State”)

Derived terms

• 太政(おおまつりごとの)大臣(おおまえつぎみ) (ōmatsurigoto no ōmaetsugimi)
• 内(うちの)大臣(おおまえつぎみ) (uchi no ōmaetsugimi)

Old Japanese

Etymology 1

From 大 (opo-, “big, great”) +‎ 公卿 (mape₁tuki₁mi₁, “senior court official”).

Noun

大臣 (opomape₁tuki₁mi₁) (kana おほまへつきみ)

1. a court official who serves near the emperor

Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:大臣.

Derived terms

• 太政大臣 (opoki₁maturigo₂to₂ no₁ opomape₁tuki₁mi₁)

Descendants

• Japanese: 大臣 (ōmaetsugimi)

Etymology 2

From 大 (opo-, “big, great”) +‎ 公卿 (matiki₁mi₁, “senior court official”).

Alternatively, a shift from opomape₁tuki₁mi₁ above.

Noun

大臣 (opomatiki₁mi₁) (kana おほまちきみ)

1. (politics) a chief consul in the ancient Yamato court, equivalent to and replaced by 左大臣 (sadaijin) and 右大臣 (udaijin) during the Taika Reforms

Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:大臣.

Descendants

• Japanese: 大臣 (ōmachigimi), in modern dictionaries

Etymology 3

From 大 (opo-, “big, great”) +‎ 臣 (omi₁, a kabane title).

The final -o of opo- was lost due to haplology.

Noun

大臣 (opomi₁) (kana おほみ)

1. a pre-Taika Reform 姓 (kabane, “hereditary title”) given to a member of a powerful clan, ranked higher than an 臣 (omi₁)

Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:大臣.

See also

• 大連 (opomurazi)