失明

Chinese

		to lose; to miss; to fail	clear; bright; to understand clear; bright; to understand; next; the Ming dynasty
simp. and trad. (失明)		失	明

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): shīmíng

  (Zhuyin): ㄕ ㄇㄧㄥˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): sat¹ ming⁴
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sṳt-mìn
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): sit-bêng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): sig⁴ mêng⁵

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shīmíng
    • Zhuyin: ㄕ ㄇㄧㄥˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shihmíng
    • Wade–Giles: shih¹-ming²
    • Yale: shr̄-míng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyming
    • Palladius: шимин (šimin)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂɻ̩⁵⁵ miŋ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: sat¹ ming⁴
    • Yale: sāt mìhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: sat⁷ ming⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: sed¹ ming⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɐt̚⁵ mɪŋ²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳt-mìn
    • Hakka Romanization System: siid^ˋ min^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: sid⁵ min²
    • Sinological IPA: /sɨt̚² min¹¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sit-bêng
    • Tâi-lô: sit-bîng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sitbeeng
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /sit̚³²⁻⁴ biɪŋ²⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /sit̚⁵⁻²⁴ biɪŋ²⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /sit̚³²⁻⁵ biɪŋ¹³/
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei): /sit̚³²⁻⁴ biɪŋ²⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /sit̚³²⁻⁴ biɪŋ²³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: sig⁴ mêng⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sik mêng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sik̚²⁻⁴ meŋ⁵⁵/

Verb

失明

1. to become blind; to lose one's sight

   如果沒有人捐助的話，這個小孩就會永遠失明。 [MSC, trad.]
   如果没有人捐助的话，这个小孩就会永远失明。 [MSC, simp.]

   Rúguǒ méiyǒu rén juānzhù dehuà, zhè ge xiǎohái jiù huì yǒngyuǎn shīmíng. [Pinyin]

   If no one offers assistance this kid will become permanently blind.

   • 左丘失明，厥有國語；…… [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     左丘失明，厥有国语；…… [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE

     Zuǒqiū shīmíng, jué yǒu Guóyǔ;...... [Pinyin]

     Zuoqiu lost his sight, so we have Discourses of the States; [...]

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 瞎眼 (“(to be) blind”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		瞽, 盲
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		失明, 瞎眼, 瞎
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	瞎眼
	Malaysia	瞎, 盲
	Singapore	瞎, 盲
Cantonese	Guangzhou	盲, 盲眼
	Hong Kong	盲, 盲眼
	Singapore (Guangfu)	盲
Hakka	Meixian	瞎, 盲
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	眼瞎
	Luhe	目瞎
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	目瞨, 瞨目, 青盲, 瞎目
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	目瞨, 目瞎, 青盲, 瞎目
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	目瞨, 瞨目, 青盲, 瞎目
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	目瞨, 瞨目, 青盲, 瞎目
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	目瞨, 瞨目, 青盲, 瞎目
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	青盲
Northern Min	Jian'ou	瞎
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	青盲
Southern Min	Xiamen	青盲
	Quanzhou	青盲
	Zhangzhou	青盲
	Taipei	青盲
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	青盲
	Kaohsiung	青盲
	Yilan	青盲
	Changhua (Lukang)	青盲
	Taichung	青盲
	Tainan	青盲
	Hsinchu	青盲
	Kinmen	青盲
	Penghu (Magong)	青盲
	Penang (Hokkien)	青盲
	Singapore (Hokkien)	青盲
	Manila (Hokkien)	青盲
	Pingnan (Pingtian)	青盲
	Chaozhou	青盲
	Shantou	青盲
	Shantou (Chenghai)	青盲
	Shantou (Chaoyang)	青盲
	Jieyang	青盲
	Haifeng	青盲
	Leizhou	青盲
	Wenchang	青盲
	Singapore (Hainanese)	青盲
Puxian Min	Putian	青盲
Central Min	Yong'an	瞎
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	盲

Derived terms

• 選擇性失明 / 选择性失明 (xuǎnzéxìng shīmíng)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
失	明
しつ Grade: 4	めい Grade: 2
on'yomi

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɕit͡sɨme̞ː]
• (Tokyo) しつめー [shìtsúméé] (Heiban – [0])

Noun

失(しつ)明(めい) • (shitsumei) 

1. loss of sight

See also

• 盲(もう) (mō)

Verb

失(しつ)明(めい)する • (shitsumei suru) suru (stem 失(しつ)明(めい)し (shitsumei shi), past 失(しつ)明(めい)した (shitsumei shita))

1. to lose sight

Conjugation

Conjugation of "失明する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	失明し	しつめいし	shitsumei shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	失明し	しつめいし	shitsumei shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	失明する	しつめいする	shitsumei suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	失明する	しつめいする	shitsumei suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	失明すれ	しつめいすれ	shitsumei sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	失明せよ¹ 失明しろ²	しつめいせよ¹ しつめいしろ²	shitsumei seyo¹ shitsumei shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	失明される	しつめいされる	shitsumei sareru
Causative	失明させる 失明さす	しつめいさせる しつめいさす	shitsumei saseru shitsumei sasu
Potential	失明できる	しつめいできる	shitsumei dekiru
Volitional	失明しよう	しつめいしよう	shitsumei shiyō
Negative	失明しない	しつめいしない	shitsumei shinai
Negative continuative	失明せず	しつめいせず	shitsumei sezu
Formal	失明します	しつめいします	shitsumei shimasu
Perfective	失明した	しつめいした	shitsumei shita
Conjunctive	失明して	しつめいして	shitsumei shite
Hypothetical conditional	失明すれば	しつめいすれば	shitsumei sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

References

• “失明”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026