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See also:
U+5976, 奶
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5976

[U+5975]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+5977]

Translingual

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Stroke order
5 strokes

Han character

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(Kangxi radical 38, +2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 女弓竹尸 (VNHS), four-corner 47427, composition )

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 255, character 2
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6043
  • Dae Jaweon: page 518, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1024, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+5976

Chinese

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Glyph origin

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Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *rneːlʔ) : semantic + phonetic (OC *nɯːʔ).

Etymology 1

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trad. /*/
simp.
alternative forms 𬂌 Eastern Min

Unknown.

Similar words in the area include Proto-Hmong-Mien *niaʔ²ᴰ (mother), Tibetan ཨ་ནེ (a ne), ནེ་ནེ (ne ne, paternal aunt), Khmer ញី (ñii, female). It may be comparable with Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-nja-n (breast; milk; suck), whence Nuosu (nyip, liquid milk), ꀉꆂ (ax nie, breast; milk).

It is unknown how the Min forms relate to forms in other dialects. See this article for a discussion of the Min Nan etymon. For similar nasalisations in Min, compare (ěr).

Colloquial words in different Min dialects show considerable variation – most have an n- initial, but finals and tones differ greatly. Some propose that this is substrate influence, passed on from the maternal Baiyue lineages since the intermarriages between southward-migrating Han Chinese and native non-Han women. Other southern dialects also show remnants of this native word: Hakka [Meixian] nɛn5, Cantonese [Guangzhou] nin1 (𢆡). Compare Thai นม (nom, breast; breastmilk), Zhuang noemz (breast; breastmilk).

The long-recognised Sino-Tibetan etymon in Chinese is (OC *njoʔ); see there for more.

Pronunciation

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Note: lai1 - only used in 奶子 (“paternal grandmother”).
Note:
  • Sixian:
    • nen - colloquial;
    • nâi - literary.
  • Meixian:
    • nên4 - colloquial;
    • nai1 - literary.
Note: nâing - colloquial.
Note:
  • nĕng - colloquial (“breast”);
  • nèng - colloquial (“breastmilk”);
  • nā̤ - colloquial;
  • nāi - literary.
Note:
  • ni/lin/leng - colloquial (“breast; milk; milk-like beverage; rubber; handle”);
  • nee/ne - colloquial (“breast; milk”);
  • nái - literary.
Note:
  • ni6 - colloquial;
  • ni1 - colloquial;
  • nai2 - literary.

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /nai²¹⁴/
Harbin /nai²¹³/
/nai⁴⁴/ ~孩子
Tianjin /nai¹³/
Jinan /nɛ⁵⁵/
Qingdao /nɛ⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /nai⁵³/
Xi'an /nai⁵³/
Xining /nɛ⁵³/
Yinchuan /nɛ⁵³/
Lanzhou /lɛ⁴⁴²/
Ürümqi /nai⁵¹/
Wuhan /nai⁴²/
Chengdu /nai⁵³/
/nai⁵⁵/
Guiyang /nai⁴²/ 牛~
/nai⁵⁵/ 祖母
Kunming /næ⁵³/
Nanjing /lae³¹/
/lae²¹²/
Hefei /le̞²⁴/
Jin Taiyuan /nai⁵³/
Pingyao /næ⁵³/
Hohhot /nɛ⁵³/
Wu Shanghai /na²³/
Suzhou /nɑ³¹/
Hangzhou /ne̞³³/
/ne̞⁵³/
Wenzhou /na³⁵/
Hui Shexian /na³²⁴/
Tunxi /ȵiɛ¹¹/ 吃~
Xiang Changsha /lai⁴¹/
Xiangtan /nai⁴²/
Gan Nanchang /lai²¹³/
Hakka Meixian /nai⁴⁴/
Taoyuan
Cantonese Guangzhou /nai²³/
Nanning /nai²⁴/
/nai⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /nai¹³/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /nai⁵³/
/ni⁵³/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /nɛ³²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /nai²¹/
/nai³³/
Shantou (Teochew) /nãi⁵³/
/nĩ³⁵/
/nĩ³³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /nai²¹³/ ~粉
/ne²³/
/ni³¹/ ~媽

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial () (8) (12)
Final () (39) (31)
Tone (調) Rising (X) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division () IV II
Fanqie
Baxter nejX nreaX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/neiX/ /ɳˠɛX/
Pan
Wuyun
/neiX/ /ɳᵚæX/
Shao
Rongfen
/nɛiX/ /næiX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/nɛjX/ /ɳaɨjX/
Li
Rong
/neiX/ /nɛX/
Wang
Li
/nieiX/ /naiX/
Bernard
Karlgren
/nieiX/ /naiX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
nǎi
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
nai5 naai5
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 9341
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
2
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*rneːlʔ/
Notes

Definitions

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  1. breast
      ―  nǎitóu  ―  nipple
  2. milk; breast milk
      ―  niúnǎi  ―  cow milk
    [Cantonese]  ―  jam2 naai5 [Jyutping]  ―  to drink milk
  3. to nurse
  4. to breastfeed; to suckle
  5. (in compounds) infant; infantile; milk (teeth, name, etc.)
      ―  nǎimíng  ―  childhood name
      ―  nǎishēngnǎi  ―  childish voice
  6. (regional) mother
  7. (regional) grandmother
      ―  nǎinǎi  ―  paternal grandmother
Synonyms
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  • (grandmother):
  • (breast):
  • (milk):
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  • () (literary, or in compounds)
  • 乳汁 (rǔzhī)
  • 唧唧 (ji4 ji4) (Xiang, childish)
  • 奶唧唧 (lai3 ji4 ji4) (Xiang, childish)
  • 奶奶 (Sichuanese, childish in Cantonese, Wu, childish in Cantonese)
  • 奶子 (nǎizi) (dialectal, colloquial)
  • 奶水 (nǎishuǐ)
  • 奶汁 (nǎizhī)

Compounds

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Etymology 2

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trad.
simp. #
alternative forms

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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  1. (Hokkien) to behave in a coy, childish or coquettish manner; to coax; to wheedle

Compounds

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Etymology 3

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For pronunciation and definitions of – see 𦧺 (“to lick; to suck up to; to brownnose”).
(This character is a variant form of 𦧺).

References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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(Hyōgai kanji)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

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  • Go-on: ない (nai) (ne)
  • Kan-on: だい (dai)
  • Kun: ちち (chichi, )はぐくむ (hagukumu, 奶む)

Korean

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Hanja

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(eumhun (jeot nae))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Nôm readings: nãi, nái

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.