孛

孛	U+5B5B, 孛 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5B5B

Translingual

Han character

孛 (Kangxi radical 39, 子+4, 7 strokes, Cangjie input 十月弓木 (JBND), four-corner 4040₇, composition ⿱⿱十冖子)

Derived characters

侼, 哱, 㛘, 㟑, 悖, 挬, 浡, 㫲, 桲, 㶿, 㹀, 脖, 綍 (𰬘), 誖, 鋍 (𰾀), 䪬, 餑 (饽), 馞, 勃, 郣, 㪍, 鵓 (鹁), 荸

Additional Derived Characters

𡋯, 𭛫, 𰚘, 𰦼, 𥞳, 𥩾, 𧚆, 𪣽, 𥹸, 𧋢, 𨁝, 𮠫, 𬹇, 𩗓 (𫗈), 𩣡 (𱅓), 𩷚, 𲍠, 𪌰
𠃱, 𣭷, 𱥗, 𭑓, 𦫛, 𱏎, 𩓐, 𦤣, 𫂀, 𤶽, 𢚦, 𩱚, 𭛂

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 278, character 8
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6949
Dae Jaweon: page 546, character 1
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1011, character 5
Unihan data for U+5B5B

Chinese

simp. and trad.		孛
alternative forms		𡥇𡥞

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 孛
Shang	Western Zhou	Spring and Autumn	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (孛) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
誖	pɯːds, bɯːds, *bɯːd
悖	bɯːds, bɯːd
孛	bɯːds, bɯːd
哱	*pʰɯːd
馞	pʰɯːd, bɯːd
勃	*bɯːd
餑	*bɯːd
郣	*bɯːd
浡	*bɯːd
桲	*bɯːd
挬	*bɯːd
脖	*bɯːd
鵓	*bɯːd
渤	*bɯːd
綍	*pɯd

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 𣎵 (“growth”) + 子 (“child”) – growing; vibrant; spirited. Original form of 勃 (OC *bɯːd, “exuberant”).

Etymology 1

Cognate with Burmese ဖုတ် (hput, “dust”), Tangkhul Naga petphut (“broom”), and Mizo vut (“ashes”) (STEDT; Sagart, 2021) from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *put.

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): bèi, bó (bei⁴, bo²)

(Zhuyin): ㄅㄟˋ, ㄅㄛˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): bui⁶ / but⁶
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): pōe / pu̍t

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: bèi
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄟˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: bèi
  - Wade–Giles: pei⁴
  - Yale: bèi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bey
  - Palladius: бэй (bɛj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /peɪ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: bó
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄛˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: bó
  - Wade–Giles: po²
  - Yale: bwó
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bor
  - Palladius: бо (bo)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pu̯ɔ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: bui⁶ / but⁶
  - Yale: buih / buht
  - Cantonese Pinyin: bui⁶ / but⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: bui⁶ / bud⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /puːi̯²²/, /puːt̚²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pōe / pu̍t
  - Tâi-lô: puē / pu̍t
  - Phofsit Daibuun: poe, put
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /pue²²/, /put̚⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /pue⁴¹/, /put̚²⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /pue²²/, /put̚¹²¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /pue³³/, /put̚⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /pue³³/, /put̚⁴/

Middle Chinese: bwojH, bwot

Rime
Character	孛	孛
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	並 (3)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	灰 (42)	沒 (56)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Closed
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	蒲昧切	蒲没切
Baxter	bwojH	bwot
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/buʌi^H/	/buət̚/
Pan Wuyun	/buoi^H/	/buot̚/
Shao Rongfen	/buɒi^H/	/buət̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/bwəj^H/	/bwət̚/
Li Rong	/buᴀi^H/	/buət̚/
Wang Li	/buɒi^H/	/buət̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/bʱuɑ̆i^H/	/bʱuət̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bèi	bó
Expected Cantonese Reflex	bui⁶	but⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[b]ˤ[u]t-s/, /*[b]ˤ[u]t/

(Zhengzhang): /*bɯːds/, /*bɯːd/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	孛	孛
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	bèi	bó
Middle Chinese	‹ bwoj^H ›	‹ bwot ›
Old Chinese	/*[b]ˁ[u]t-s/	/*[b]ˁ[u]t/
English	comet	comet
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	孛	孛
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	970	982
Phonetic component	孛	孛
Rime group	隊	物
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	佩	勃
Old Chinese	/*bɯːds/	/*bɯːd/

Definitions

孛

(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) luxuriant; lush; flourishing
(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) radiance of comets; comet
星孛 ― xīngbèi ― comet
(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of 悖 (“disorderly; deviant; conflicting”)
a surname

Compounds

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): bó (bo²)

(Zhuyin): ㄅㄛˊ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: bó
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄛˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: bó
  - Wade–Giles: po²
  - Yale: bwó
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bor
  - Palladius: бо (bo)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pu̯ɔ³⁵/

Definitions

孛

(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) prefix particle in certain nouns
(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Original form of 勃 (bó, “to change countenance; to become agitated”).

Compounds

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 孛 – see 勃 (“exuberant; flourishing; vigorous; suddenly; etc.”). (This character is the second-round simplified form of 勃).
Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Etymology 3

For pronunciation and definitions of 孛 – see 渤 (“Bohai Sea; surging; swelling”). (This character is the second-round simplified form of 渤).
Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Etymology 4

For pronunciation and definitions of 孛 – see 脖 (“neck”). (This character is the second-round simplified form of 脖).
Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Etymology 5

For pronunciation and definitions of 孛 – see 餑 (“steamed bun; pastry; cake; bubbles or froth on the surface of tea”). (This character is the second-round simplified form of 餑).
Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Japanese

Kanji

孛

(Hyōgai kanji)

to happen suddenly
comet

Readings

From Middle Chinese 孛 (MC bwot); compare Mandarin 孛 (bó):

Go-on: ぼち (bochi)^{←ぼち (boti, historical)}
Kan-on: ほつ (hotsu)^{←ほつ (fotu, historical)}
Kan’yō-on: ぼつ (botsu)

From Middle Chinese 孛 (MC bwojH); compare Mandarin 孛 (bèi):

Go-on: ばい (bai)^{←ばい (bai, historical)}
Kan-on: はい (hai)^{←はい (fai, historical)}

From native Japanese roots:

Kun: ひころう (hikorou, 孛う)^{←ひころふ (fikorofu, 孛ふ, historical)}

Compounds

Korean

Etymology 1

Hanja

孛 (eumhun 살별 패 (salbyeol pae))

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Etymology 2

Hanja

孛 (eumhun 안색 변할 발 (ansaek byeonhal bal))

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

孛: Hán Việt readings: bột^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]
孛: Nôm readings: bụt^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[7]^[8]^[9], bột^[1]^[4], vút^[3]^[5], vuốt^[1], vụt^[1]

chữ Nôm form of bột (“powder; flour; starch”)
chữ Nôm form of Bụt (“(religion) Buddha”)
chữ Nôm form of vuốt (“to caress; to stroke”)
chữ Nôm form of vụt
1. to flog (someone); to lash with a whip
2. (Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam) to toss; to throw (forcefully and far)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 Nguyễn (2014).
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Trần (2004).
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 Takeuchi (1988).
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 Hồ (1976).
^ Thiều Chửu (1942).
↑ ^7.0 ^7.1 Génibrel (1898).
^ Bonet (1899).
^ Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).

[tdcndg-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 Nguyễn (2014).

[tdcntd-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Nguyễn et al. (2009).

[gdhn-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Trần (2004).

[takeuchi-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 Takeuchi (1988).

[btcn-5] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 Hồ (1976).

[tchvtd-6] Thiều Chửu (1942).

[genibrel-7] 7.0 ^7.1 Génibrel (1898).

[bonet-8] Bonet (1899).

[taberd-9] Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).

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