孫
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See also: 孙
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]孫 (Kangxi radical 39, 子+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 弓木竹女火 (NDHVF), four-corner 12493, composition ⿰子系)
Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 279, character 23
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6987
- Dae Jaweon: page 548, character 19
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1016, character 5
- Unihan data for U+5B6B
Chinese
[edit]trad. | 孫 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 孙 | |
alternative forms | 𡤾 |
Glyph origin
[edit]Ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) : 子 (“son”) + 系 (“continue”).
Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *sju(w)-n (“grandchild”) (STEDT). Cognate with Bodo (India) sou (“grandchild”), Jingpho shu (“grandchild”).
Pronunciation 1
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): sung1
- Northern Min (KCR): só̤ng
- Eastern Min (BUC): sŏng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1sen
- Xiang (Hengyang, Wiktionary): sun1
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄙㄨㄣ
- Tongyong Pinyin: sun
- Wade–Giles: sun1
- Yale: swūn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: suen
- Palladius: сунь (sunʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /su̯ən⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: syun1
- Yale: syūn
- Cantonese Pinyin: syn1
- Guangdong Romanization: xun1
- Sinological IPA (key): /syːn⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: lhun1
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɬun³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sûn
- Hakka Romanization System: sunˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: sun1
- Sinological IPA: /sun²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: sung1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /sũŋ¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: só̤ng
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɔŋ⁵⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: sŏng
- Sinological IPA (key): /souŋ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: dated in Xiamen, dated in Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sng
- Tâi-lô: sng
- Phofsit Daibuun: sngf
- IPA (Quanzhou): /sŋ̍³³/
- IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /sŋ̍⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: suiⁿ
- Tâi-lô: suinn
- Phofsit Daibuun: svuy
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /suĩ⁴⁴/
Note:
- sng/suiⁿ - vernacular (surname);
- sun - literary (all senses, including surname, except in Zhangzhou).
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: sung1 / seng1
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sung / sṳng
- Sinological IPA (key): /suŋ³³/, /sɯŋ³³/
Note:
- seng1 - surname;
- sung1 - other senses.
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | 孫 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /suən⁵⁵/ |
Harbin | /suən⁴⁴/ | |
Tianjin | /suən²¹/ | |
Jinan | /suẽ²¹³/ | |
Qingdao | /suə̃²¹³/ | |
Zhengzhou | /suən²⁴/ | |
Xi'an | /suẽ²¹/ | |
Xining | /suə̃⁴⁴/ | |
Yinchuan | /suŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Lanzhou | /sũn³¹/ | |
Ürümqi | /suŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Wuhan | /sən²¹³/ | |
Chengdu | /sən⁵⁵/ /suən⁵⁵/ | |
Guiyang | /sen⁵⁵/ | |
Kunming | /suə̃⁵³/ | |
Nanjing | /sun³¹/ | |
Hefei | /sən²¹/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /suəŋ¹¹/ |
Pingyao | /suŋ¹³/ | |
Hohhot | /sũŋ³¹/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /səŋ⁵³/ |
Suzhou | /sən⁵⁵/ | |
Hangzhou | /sz̩ʷen³³/ | |
Wenzhou | /sø³³/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /sʌ̃³¹/ |
Tunxi | /suːə¹¹/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /sən³³/ |
Xiangtan | /sən³³/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /sun⁴²/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /sun⁴⁴/ |
Taoyuan | /sun²⁴/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /syn⁵³/ |
Nanning | /ɬyn⁵⁵/ | |
Hong Kong | /syn⁵⁵/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /sun⁵⁵/ /sŋ̍⁵⁵/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /souŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /sɔŋ⁵⁴/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /suŋ³³/ /sɯŋ³³/ 姓 | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /sun²³/ /tun²³/ |
- Middle Chinese: swon
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[s]ˤu[n]/
- (Zhengzhang): /*suːn/
Definitions
[edit]孫
- grandchild (Classifier: 個/个 c; 粒 c)
- (literary or dialectal) grandson (Classifier: 個/个 c; 粒 c)
- (chiefly Min) fraternal nephew
- descendant
- a surname, listed third in the Baijiaxing
- 孫中山/孙中山 ― Sūn Zhōngshān ― Sun Yat-sen (provisionally served as the first president of the Republic of China)
Synonyms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Compounds
[edit]- 不肖子孫/不肖子孙 (bùxiào zǐsūn)
- 亞馬孫河/亚马孙河
- 仍孫/仍孙
- 來孫/来孙 (láisūn)
- 兒孫/儿孙 (érsūn)
- 內孫/内孙 (nèisūn)
- 公子王孫/公子王孙
- 公孫大娘/公孙大娘
- 公孫樹/公孙树 (gōngsūnshù)
- 公孫龍/公孙龙
- 公孫龍子/公孙龙子
- 參孫/参孙 (Cānsūn)
- 叔孫/叔孙 (Shūsūn)
- 吃子孫飯/吃子孙饭
- 名落孫山/名落孙山 (míngluòsūnshān)
- 含飴弄孫/含饴弄孙 (hányínòngsūn)
- 哀王孫/哀王孙
- 土行孫/土行孙
- 外孫/外孙 (wàisūn)
- 外孫女/外孙女 (wàisūnnǚ)
- 多子多孫/多子多孙
- 天孫/天孙
- 太孫/太孙
- 女孫/女孙
- 姪孫/侄孙 (zhísūn)
- 嫡孫/嫡孙 (dísūn)
- 嫡孫承重/嫡孙承重
- 子子孫孫/子子孙孙 (zǐzǐsūnsūn)
- 子孝孫賢/子孝孙贤
- 子孫/子孙 (zǐsūn)
- 子孫桶/子孙桶
- 子孫滿堂/子孙满堂 (zǐsūnmǎntáng)
- 孝子慈孫/孝子慈孙
- 孝子賢孫/孝子贤孙 (xiàozǐxiánsūn)
- 孫兒/孙儿 (sūn'ér)
- 孫卿/孙卿
- 孫吳/孙吴
- 孫女/孙女 (sūnnǚ)
- 孫女婿/孙女婿 (sūnnǚxù)
- 孫子/孙子
- 孫子兵法/孙子兵法 (Sūnzǐ Bīngfǎ)
- 孫山之外/孙山之外
- 孫康映雪/孙康映雪
- 孫悟空/孙悟空 (Sūn Wùkōng)
- 孫文學說/孙文学说
- 孫晨稿席/孙晨稿席
- 孫枝/孙枝
- 孫炎/孙炎
- 孫王營/孙王营 (Sūnwángyíng)
- 孫竹/孙竹
- 孫絡/孙络
- 孫臏/孙膑 (Sūn Bìn)
- 孫郎/孙郎 (Sūnláng)
- 封祖蔭孫/封祖荫孙
- 徒子徒孫/徒子徒孙 (túzǐtúsūn)
- 徠孫/徕孙
- 德流子孫/德流子孙
- 慈孫孝子/慈孙孝子
- 慶流子孫/庆流子孙
- 打剌孫/打剌孙 (dǎlàsūn)
- 承重孫/承重孙 (chéngzhòngsūn)
- 抱子弄孫/抱子弄孙
- 斷子絕孫/断子绝孙 (duànzǐjuésūn)
- 曾孫/曾孙 (zēngsūn)
- 桂子蘭孫/桂子兰孙
- 毓子孕孫/毓子孕孙
- 炎黃子孫/炎黄子孙 (Yán-Huáng zǐsūn)
- 烏孫/乌孙 (wūsūn)
- 燕啄皇孫/燕啄皇孙
- 猞猁孫/猞猁孙
- 猴孫王/猴孙王
- 玄孫/玄孙 (xuánsūn)
- 王孫/王孙 (wángsūn)
- 王孫公子/王孙公子
- 百子千孫/百子千孙
- 祖孫/祖孙
- 竹孫/竹孙
- 答剌孫/答剌孙
- 系孫/系孙
- 絕子絕孫/绝子绝孙 (juézǐjuésūn)
- 耳孫/耳孙
- 落孫山/落孙山
- 裝孫子/装孙子 (zhuāngsūnzi)
- 西姆孫線/西姆孙线
- 詒厥孫謀/诒厥孙谋
- 貽厥孫謀/贻厥孙谋
- 適孫/适孙
- 重孫/重孙 (chóngsūn)
- 重孫女/重孙女 (chóngsūnnǚ)
- 重孫媳/重孙媳
- 長孫/长孙 (zhǎngsūn)
- 長孫媳/长孙媳
- 雲孫/云孙 (yúnsūn)
- 龍孫/龙孙
- 龍孫帝子/龙孙帝子
Pronunciation 2
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄩㄣˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: syùn
- Wade–Giles: hsün4
- Yale: syùn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiunn
- Palladius: сюнь (sjunʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕyn⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: seon3
- Yale: seun
- Cantonese Pinyin: soen3
- Guangdong Romanization: sên3
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɵn³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Southern Min
Definitions
[edit]孫
- (literary) Alternative form of 遜/逊 (xùn)
- 子曰:「邦有道,危言危行;邦無道,危行言孫。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Zǐ yuē: “Bāng yǒu dào, wēiyán wēixíng; bāng wúdào, wēixíng yán xùn.” [Pinyin]
- The Master said, "When good government prevails in a state, language may be lofty and bold, and actions the same. When bad government prevails, the actions may be lofty and bold, but the language may be with some reserve."
子曰:「邦有道,危言危行;邦无道,危行言孙。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]孫
Readings
[edit]- Go-on: そん (son, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: そん (son, Jōyō)
- Kun: まご (mago, 孫, Jōyō)
- Nanori: さね (sane)、ただ (tada)、ひこ (hiko)、ひろ (hiro)
Etymology 1
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
孫 |
むまご Grade: 4 |
kun'yomi |
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Noun
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
孫 |
うまご Grade: 4 |
kun'yomi |
/mumaɡo/ → /umaɡo/.
Noun
[edit]Etymology 3
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
孫 |
まご Grade: 4 |
kun'yomi |
/umaɡo/ → /maɡo/.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 4
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
孫 |
そん Grade: 4 |
goon |
From Middle Chinese 孫 (MC swon).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- (rare) descendant (usually of a certain generation)
- (archaic) lineage; pedigree
- (archaic) grandchild
Compounds
[edit]Korean
[edit]
Etymology
[edit]From Middle Chinese 孫 (MC swon). Recorded as Middle Korean 손 (swon) (Yale: swon) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Hanja
[edit]Compounds
[edit]Compounds
References
[edit]- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [1]
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]孫: Hán Việt readings: tôn[1][2][3], tốn[1]
孫: Nôm readings: cháu[4], tuôn[3]
grandchild
References
[edit]Categories:
- CJK Unified Ideographs block
- Han script characters
- Translingual lemmas
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- Chinese terms inherited from Proto-Sino-Tibetan
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- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading そん
- Japanese kanji with kun reading まご
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading さね
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading ただ
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading ひこ
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading ひろ
- Japanese terms spelled with 孫 read as むまご
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- Japanese single-kanji terms
- Japanese terms spelled with 孫 read as うまご
- Japanese terms spelled with 孫 read as まご
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- Japanese terms spelled with 孫 read as そん
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- ja:Family
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