孫

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See also: 孙
孫 U+5B6B, 孫
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5B6B
← 孪
[U+5B6A] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 孬 →
[U+5B6C]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

孫 (Kangxi radical 39, 子+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 弓木竹女火 (NDHVF), four-corner 12493, composition ⿰子系)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 279, character 23
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6987
  • Dae Jaweon: page 548, character 19
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1016, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+5B6B

Chinese[edit]

trad. 孫
simp. 孙
alternative forms 𡤾

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (孫) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
孫 *suːn
猻 *suːn
蓀 *suːn
搎 *suːn
遜 *suːns
愻 *suːns

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意): 子 (“son”) + 系 (“continue”).

Wikipedia has articles on:
  • 孫 (Written Standard Chinese?)
  • 孫 (Cantonese)
  • sun (Min Nan)

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *sju(w)-n (“grandchild”) (STEDT). Cognate with Bodo (India) sou (“grandchild”), Jingpho shu (“grandchild”).

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Note:
  • sng/suiⁿ - vernacular (surname);
  • sun - literary (all senses, including surname, except in Zhangzhou).
Note:
  • seng1 - surname;
  • sung1 - other senses.
  • Wu
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 孫
    Mandarin Beijing /suən⁵⁵/
    Harbin /suən⁴⁴/
    Tianjin /suən²¹/
    Jinan /suẽ²¹³/
    Qingdao /suə̃²¹³/
    Zhengzhou /suən²⁴/
    Xi'an /suẽ²¹/
    Xining /suə̃⁴⁴/
    Yinchuan /suŋ⁴⁴/
    Lanzhou /sũn³¹/
    Ürümqi /suŋ⁴⁴/
    Wuhan /sən²¹³/
    Chengdu /sən⁵⁵/
    /suən⁵⁵/
    Guiyang /sen⁵⁵/
    Kunming /suə̃⁵³/
    Nanjing /sun³¹/
    Hefei /sən²¹/
    Jin Taiyuan /suəŋ¹¹/
    Pingyao /suŋ¹³/
    Hohhot /sũŋ³¹/
    Wu Shanghai /səŋ⁵³/
    Suzhou /sən⁵⁵/
    Hangzhou /sz̩ʷen³³/
    Wenzhou /sø³³/
    Hui Shexian /sʌ̃³¹/
    Tunxi /suːə¹¹/
    Xiang Changsha /sən³³/
    Xiangtan /sən³³/
    Gan Nanchang /sun⁴²/
    Hakka Meixian /sun⁴⁴/
    Taoyuan /sun²⁴/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /syn⁵³/
    Nanning /ɬyn⁵⁵/
    Hong Kong /syn⁵⁵/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /sun⁵⁵/
    /sŋ̍⁵⁵/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /souŋ⁴⁴/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /sɔŋ⁵⁴/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /suŋ³³/
    /sɯŋ³³/ 姓
    Haikou (Min Nan) /sun²³/
    /tun²³/
    Rime
    Character 孫
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 心 (16)
    Final (韻) 魂 (55)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division (等) I
    Fanqie 思渾切
    Baxter swon
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/suən/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/suon/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/suən/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/swən/
    Li
    Rong         		/suən/
    Wang
    Li         		/suən/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/suən/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		sūn
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		syun1
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 孫
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		sūn
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ swon ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[s]ˁu[n]/
    English grandchild; descendant

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 孫
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 12178
    Phonetic
    component         		孫
    Rime
    group         		文
    Rime
    subdivision         		2
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		孫
    Old
    Chinese         		/*suːn/

    Definitions[edit]

    孫

    1. grandchild (Classifier: 個／个 c; 粒 c)
    2. (literary or dialectal) grandson (Classifier: 個／个 c; 粒 c)
    3. (chiefly Min) fraternal nephew
    4. descendant
    5. a surname, listed third in the Baijiaxing
      孫中山／孙中山  ―  Sūn Zhōngshān  ―  Sun Yat-sen (provisionally served as the first president of the Republic of China)
    Synonyms[edit]
    Dialectal synonyms of 孫子 (“grandson (son's son)”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Classical Chinese 孫, 孫兒
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 孫子, 內孫
    Mandarin Beijing 孫子, 孫夥計
    Taiwan 孫子
    Harbin 孫子
    Yantai (Muping) 孫子
    Jinan 孫子兒, 孫子
    Luoyang 孫子, 孫兒
    Wanrong 裡甥子, 孫子
    Zhengzhou 孫兒
    Xi'an 孫子
    Yinchuan 孫子
    Lanzhou 孫娃子, 男孫子
    Xining 孫娃子
    Ürümqi 孫子
    Wuhan 孫子, 孫娃子 young, dated
    Huanggang 孫兒
    Chengdu 孫兒, 家孫兒
    Guiyang 孫孫
    Kunming 孫子
    Guilin 孫子
    Liuzhou 孫子, 孫崽, 孫
    Xuzhou 孫子, 孫兒
    Yangzhou 孫子
    Nanjing 孫子
    Hefei 孫子
    Nantong 孫子, 孫兒
    Singapore 孫, 孫子
    Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 孫子
    Cantonese Guangzhou 孫, 孫仔
    Hong Kong 孫, 孫仔
    Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 孫
    Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 孫
    Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 孫仔
    Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 孫仔
    Macau 孫
    Guangzhou (Panyu) 孫
    Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 孫
    Guangzhou (Conghua) 孫
    Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 孫
    Foshan 孫
    Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 孫
    Foshan (Shunde) 孫
    Foshan (Sanshui) 孫
    Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 孫
    Zhongshan (Shiqi) 孫
    Zhuhai (Qianshan) 孫
    Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 孫
    Zhuhai (Doumen) 孫
    Jiangmen (Baisha) 孫
    Jiangmen (Xinhui) 孫
    Taishan 孫
    Kaiping (Chikan) 孫
    Enping (Niujiang) 孫
    Heshan (Yayao) 孫
    Dongguan 孫
    Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 孫
    Shaoguan 孫
    Yunfu 孫
    Yangjiang 孫
    Xinyi 孫
    Lianjiang 孫
    Nanning 孫, 孫仔
    Wuzhou 孫, 孫仔
    Yulin 孫
    Hepu (Lianzhou) 孫
    Danzhou 兒孫
    Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 孫仔
    Singapore (Guangfu) 孫, 孫仔
    Gan Nanchang 孫子
    Lichuan 孫崽
    Pingxiang 孫, 孫子
    Hakka Meixian 孫仔
    Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 阿孫, 孫
    Huizhou (Shuikou Bendihua) 阿孫
    Huizhou (Hengli Bendihua) 阿孫
    Huidong (Pingshan Bendihua) 阿孫
    Dongguan (Qingxi) 孫仔
    Longmen (Pingling Bendihua) 孫
    Longmen (Luxi Bendihua) 孫
    Boluo (Bendihua) 男孫
    Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 孫仔
    Zengcheng (Zhengguo) 孫仔, 孫子
    Zhongshan (Wuguishan) 孫子
    Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 孫子
    Wuhua (Shuizhai) 孫哩
    Wuhua (Huacheng) 孫哩
    Wuhua (Changbu) 孫哩
    Wuhua (Mianyang) 孫哩
    Heyuan (Bendihua) 阿孫
    Longchuan (Tuocheng Bendihua) 孫
    Longchuan (Sidu Bendihua) 孫
    Heping (Linzhai Bendihua) 孫
    Lianping (Zhongxin Bendihua) 阿孫
    Lianping (Longjie Bendihua) 孫
    Wengyuan 孫子
    Xinfeng (Matou Bendihua) 阿孫
    Xinfeng (Daxi Bendihua) 孫
    Liannan 孫子
    Conghua (Lütian) 孫仔
    Jiexi 阿孫
    Luhe 孫仔
    Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) 阿孫
    Changting 孫哩
    Wuping (Yanqian) 孫子
    Ninghua 孫哩
    Yudu 孫子, 孫
    Ningdu 孫子
    Shicheng 孫子
    Shangyou (Shexi) 孫子
    Tonggu (Sandu) 孫子
    Ganzhou (Panlong) 孫子
    Dayu 孫哩
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 孫仔
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 孫仔
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 孫仔
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 孫
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 孫仔
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 孫
    Hong Kong 孫仔
    Yangxi (Tangkou) 孫子
    Yangchun (Sanjia) 孫仔
    Xinyi (Sihe) 孫
    Xinyi (Qianpai) 孫
    Gaozhou (Xindong) 孫
    Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) 孫
    Huazhou (Xin'an) 孫子
    Lianjiang (Shijiao) 孫子
    Lianjiang (Qingping) 孫, 阿孫
    Mengshan (Xihe) 孫
    Luchuan 孫
    Luchuan (Daqiao) 孫子
    Sabah (Longchuan) 孫仔
    Senai (Huiyang) 孫仔
    Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo) 孫
    Singkawang 孫
    Huizhou Jixi 孫子
    Jin Taiyuan 孫子
    Pingyao 孫子
    Xinzhou 孫子
    Hohhot 孫子
    Min Bei Jian'ou 孫仔
    Jian'ou (Dikou) 孫仔
    Zhenghe (Zhenqian) 孫
    Jianyang 孫仔
    Wuyishan 孫仔
    Pucheng (Shibei) 孫仔
    Min Dong Fuzhou 孫, 孫囝, 丈夫孫
    Changle 孫
    Fuqing 孫, 孫囝
    Yongtai 孫囝
    Gutian 孫
    Fu'an 孫
    Ningde 孫
    Shouning 孫囝
    Zhouning 孫
    Fuding 孫囝
    Matsu 孫
    Min Nan Xiamen 孫, 孫仔
    Quanzhou 孫, 孫仔
    Yongchun 丈夫孫
    Zhangzhou 孫
    Dongshan 孫仔
    Taipei 孫
    New Taipei (Sanxia) 孫仔
    Kaohsiung 孫
    Yilan 孫
    Changhua (Lukang) 孫
    Taichung 孫
    Tainan 孫, 孫仔
    Hsinchu 孫
    Kinmen 孫
    Penghu (Magong) 孫
    Penang (Hokkien) 孫
    Singapore (Hokkien) 孫, 丈夫孫
    Manila (Hokkien) 孫, 孫仔, 內孫
    Zhangping (Yongfu) 孫仔
    Datian 孫
    Pingnan (Shangdu) 孫
    Chaozhou 孫
    Jieyang 孫, 孫囝
    Haifeng 孫仔
    Bangkok (Teochew) 孫, 內孫
    Johor Bahru (Teochew) 孫囝
    Singapore (Teochew) 孫, 孫囝
    Leizhou 孫
    Wenchang 孫, 公爹孫, 丈夫孫
    Haikou 孫, 孫囝 young
    Singapore (Hainanese) 孫
    Puxian Min Putian 孫
    Xianyou 內頭孫
    Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 孫, 孫崽
    Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dahe) 孫子
    Shehua Fu'an 孫
    Fuding 孫
    Luoyuan 孫
    Sanming 孫
    Shunchang 孫仔
    Hua'an 孫
    Guixi (Zhangping) 孫仔
    Cangnan 孫
    Jingning 孫
    Lishui 孫
    Longyou 孫
    Chaozhou 孫
    Fengshun 孫仔
    Wu Shanghai 孫子
    Shanghai (Chongming) 孫子, 孫男子
    Suzhou 孫子
    Wuxi 孫子
    Danyang 孫子
    Hangzhou 孫子
    Ningbo 孫子
    Wenzhou 孫兒, 孫
    Jinhua 孫兒, 孫
    Xiang Changsha 孫崽子, 孫崽, 孫伢子, 孫子
    Loudi 孫
    Shuangfeng 孫
    Quanzhou 孫崽
    Dialectal synonyms of 姪子 (“fraternal nephew”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 姪子
    Mandarin Beijing 姪兒, 姪子
    Taiwan 姪子, 姪兒
    Bayanhot 姪兒子
    Hulunbuir (Hailar) 姪子, 姪兒
    Harbin 姪兒, 姪子
    Shenyang 姪兒
    Yantai (Muping) 姪兒
    Jinan 姪子, 姪兒
    Luoyang 姪子
    Wanrong 姪兒
    Zhengzhou 姪兒
    Xi'an 姪兒
    Yinchuan 姪兒子
    Lanzhou 姪兒子
    Xining 姪兒
    Ürümqi 姪兒子, 姪子
    Wuhan 姪兒子, 姪兒, 姪子伢, 姪子
    Chengdu 姪兒子, 姪兒
    Guiyang 姪兒子
    Kunming 姪兒子
    Liuzhou 姪崽
    Xuzhou 姪兒, 姪子
    Yangzhou 姪子
    Nanjing 姪子
    Hefei 姪兒, 姪子
    Singapore 姪兒
    Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 姪兒子
    Cantonese Guangzhou 姪, 姪仔
    Hong Kong 姪, 姪仔
    Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 姪
    Macau 姪子
    Guangzhou (Panyu) 姪
    Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 姪
    Guangzhou (Conghua) 姪
    Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 姪
    Foshan 姪
    Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 姪
    Foshan (Shunde) 姪
    Foshan (Sanshui) 姪
    Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 姪
    Zhongshan (Shiqi) 姪子
    Zhuhai (Qianshan) 姪子
    Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 姪
    Zhuhai (Doumen) 姪
    Jiangmen (Baisha) 姪
    Jiangmen (Xinhui) 姪
    Taishan 姪仔, 姪
    Enping (Niujiang) 姪仔
    Heshan (Yayao) 姪
    Dongguan 姪
    Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 姪
    Yangjiang 阿姪
    Nanning 姪仔
    Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 姪仔
    Gan Nanchang 姪子
    Lichuan 姪子, 姪崽
    Pingxiang 姪子
    Hakka Meixian 姪仔
    Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 阿姪
    Dongguan (Qingxi) 姪仔
    Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 阿姪
    Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 姪子
    Conghua (Lütian) 姪子
    Changting 姪哩
    Wuping 姪子
    Ninghua 孫哩, 姪哩
    Yudu 姪子, 老姪
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 姪仔
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 姪仔
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 姪仔
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 姪
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 姪仔, 姪
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 姪子, 孫仔
    Hong Kong 姪子
    Luchuan (Daqiao) 姪
    Senai (Huiyang) 姪兒
    Huizhou Jixi 姪仂
    Jin Taiyuan 姪兒子
    Xinzhou 姪兒子
    Hohhot 姪兒子
    Min Bei Jian'ou 孫仔
    Min Dong Fuzhou 姪, 孫
    Changle 孫
    Fuqing 孫, 姪
    Yongtai 孫囝
    Gutian 孫
    Fu'an 孫
    Ningde 孫囝
    Shouning 孫囝
    Zhouning 孫
    Fuding 孫囝
    Min Nan Xiamen 姪仔, 孫仔
    Quanzhou 孫仔
    Zhangzhou 孫仔
    Taipei 姪仔
    New Taipei (Sanxia) 姪仔
    Kaohsiung 姪仔, 孫仔
    Yilan 姪仔, 孫仔
    Changhua (Lukang) 姪仔, 孫仔
    Taichung 姪仔, 孫仔
    Tainan 叔孫仔, 姪仔, 孫仔
    Hsinchu 孫仔
    Kinmen 姪仔, 孫仔
    Penghu (Magong) 姪仔, 孫仔
    Penang (Hokkien) 孫仔, 叔孫
    Singapore (Hokkien) 孫仔, 孫
    Manila (Hokkien) 姪仔
    Longyan 孫仔
    Pingnan (Shangdu) 姪仔
    Chaozhou 逗孫
    Jieyang 逗孫
    Haifeng 姪, 孫仔
    Bangkok (Teochew) 孫, 姪
    Johor Bahru (Teochew) 孫
    Leizhou 孫
    Haikou 姪子
    Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 姪子
    Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 姪子
    Wu Shanghai 阿姪, 姪子
    Shanghai (Chongming) 阿姪
    Suzhou 阿姪, 姪兒子
    Danyang 姪子
    Hangzhou 姪兒
    Ningbo 阿姪
    Wenzhou 阿姪
    Jinhua 姪兒
    Xiang Changsha 姪兒子, 姪兒, 姪子
    Loudi 姪兒子
    Shuangfeng 姪佬, 姪兒子
    Quanzhou 姪崽
    Descendants[edit]
    • → English: Sun, Suen
    • → Tagalog: Suan (via Hokkien), Soon (via Hokkien)
    Compounds[edit]

    Pronunciation 2[edit]

    Definitions[edit]

    孫

    1. Alternative form of 遜／逊 (xùn)

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    孫

    (grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. grandchild

    Readings[edit]

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    孫
    むまご
    Grade: 4
    kun’yomi
    1. grandchild
    2. descendants

    Noun[edit]

    孫(むまご) • (mumago) 

    1. a grandchild

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    孫
    うまご
    Grade: 4
    kun’yomi

    /mumaɡo/ → /umaɡo/.

    Noun[edit]

    孫(うまご) • (umago) 

    1. a grandchild

    Etymology 3[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    孫
    まご
    Grade: 4
    kun’yomi

    /umaɡo/ → /maɡo/.

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    孫(まご) • (mago) 

    1. a grandchild

    Korean[edit]

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource


    Etymology[edit]

    From Middle Chinese 孫 (MC swon). Recorded as Middle Korean 손 (swon) (Yale: swon) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

    Hanja[edit]

    孫 (eumhun 손자 손 (sonja son))

    1. Hanja form? of 손 (“grandchild”).
    2. Hanja form? of 손 (“a surname.”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    References[edit]

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    孫: Hán Việt readings: tôn[1][2][3], tốn[1]
    孫: Nôm readings: cháu[4], tuôn[3]

    grandchild

    References[edit]

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Thiều Chửu (1942).
    2. ^ Nguyễn et al. (2009).
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Nguyễn (2014).
    4. ^ Trần (2004).
    Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=孫&oldid=73763047"