安石榴

Chinese

		Arsacid Empire; Parthian Empire	pomegranate
trad. (安石榴)		安石	榴
simp. #(安石榴)		安石	榴

Etymology

So named as it was brought to China by Zhang Qian from the Arsacid Empire (安石) in Irania.

The botanist Li Shizhen suggests that 榴 (OC *m·ru) here is the same as 瘤 (OC *m·ru, *m·rus, “lump, tumour”), as the pomegranate fruit resembles cancerous outgrowth on the body. The reconstructed consonants of this part equal those of a wanderwort for the pomegranate present in Arabic رُمَّان (rummān, “pomegranate”), see it for other languages.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): ānshíliú

  (Zhuyin): ㄢ ㄕˊ ㄌㄧㄡˊ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: ānshíliú
    • Zhuyin: ㄢ ㄕˊ ㄌㄧㄡˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: anshíhlióu
    • Wade–Giles: an¹-shih²-liu²
    • Yale: ān-shŕ-lyóu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: anshyrliou
    • Palladius: аньшилю (anʹšilju)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀän⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵ li̯oʊ̯³⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: 'an dzyek ljuw

Rime
Character	安	石	榴
Reading #	1/1	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)	常 (25)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	寒 (61)	清 (123)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Checked (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	III	III
Fanqie	烏寒切	常隻切	力求切
Baxter	'an	dzyek	ljuw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔɑn/	/d͡ʑiᴇk̚/	/lɨu/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔɑn/	/d͡ʑiɛk̚/	/liu/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔɑn/	/d͡ʑiæk̚/	/liəu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔan/	/d͡ʑiajk̚/	/luw/
Li Rong	/ʔɑn/	/ʑiɛk̚/	/liu/
Wang Li	/ɑn/	/ʑĭɛk̚/	/lĭəu/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔɑn/	/ʑi̯ɛk̚/	/li̯ə̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	ān	shí	liú
Expected Cantonese Reflex	on1	sik6	lau4

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*qaːn  djaɡ  m·ru/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	安	安	安	石
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	ān	ān	ān	shí
Middle Chinese	‹ 'an ›	‹ 'an ›	‹ 'an ›	‹ dzyek ›
Old Chinese	/*[ʔ]ˁa[n]/	/*[ʔ]ˁa[n]/	/*[ʔ]ˁa[n]/	/*dAk/
English	peace(ful)	how	安息 Ānxī (Iranian country in the western regions, W. Hàn; from Aršaka = Arsaces, founder of the Arsacid dynasty)	stone
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	安	石	榴
Reading #	1/1	1/1	1/1
No.	11	11470	8886
Phonetic component	安	石	卯
Rime group	元	鐸	幽
Rime subdivision	1	0	1
Corresponding MC rime	安	石	劉
Old Chinese	/*qaːn/	/*djaɡ/	/*m·ru/

Noun

安石榴

1. (archaic) pomegranate

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 石榴 (“pomegranate”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		石榴, 丹若, 若榴, 楉榴, 安石榴
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		石榴, 安石榴
Taxonomic name		石榴, 安石榴
Mandarin	Beijing	石榴
	Taiwan	石榴
	Harbin	石榴
	Yantai (Muping)	石榴
	Jinan	石榴
	Luoyang	石榴
	Wanrong	石榴
	Xi'an	石榴
	Lanzhou	石榴
	Ürümqi	石榴
	Wuhan	石榴
	Chengdu	石榴
	Guiyang	石榴
	Liuzhou	石榴
	Xuzhou	石榴
	Yangzhou	石榴
	Nanjing	石榴
	Singapore	石榴
	Pematangsiantar	石榴
Cantonese	Guangzhou	石榴, 結子石榴
	Hong Kong	石榴, 結子石榴
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	石榴
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	石榴
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	石榴
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	石榴
	Macau	石榴
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	石榴
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	石榴
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	石榴
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	石榴
	Foshan	石榴
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	石榴
	Foshan (Shunde)	石榴
	Foshan (Sanshui)	石榴
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	石榴
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	石榴
	Zhuhai (Qianshan)	石榴
	Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka)	花棯
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	花棯
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	花棯
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	花棯
	Taishan	花棯
	Kaiping (Chikan)	花棯
	Enping (Niujiang)	花棯
	Heshan (Yayao)	石榴
	Dongguan	番鬼石榴
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	石榴
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	石榴
	Yangon (Taishan)	石榴
	Mandalay (Taishan)	石榴
Gan	Nanchang	石榴
	Lichuan	石榴
	Pingxiang	石榴
Hakka	Meixian	石榴仔
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	石榴
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	石榴
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	番石榴
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	石榴
	Conghua (Lütian)	石榴
	Yudu	石榴, 石梨
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	石榴仔
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	石榴仔
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	石榴
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	石榴
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	石榴仔
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	石榴
	Hong Kong	石榴
	Senai (Huiyang)	石榴
Huizhou	Jixi	石榴
Jin	Taiyuan	石榴
	Xinzhou	石榴兒
Northern Min	Jian'ou	石榴
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	石榴
	Fuqing	石榴
Southern Min	Xiamen	石榴
	Quanzhou	石榴
	Zhangzhou	石榴
	Taipei	石榴
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	石榴
	Kaohsiung	石榴
	Yilan	石榴
	Changhua (Lukang)	石榴
	Taichung	石榴
	Tainan	石榴
	Hsinchu	石榴
	Kinmen	石榴
	Penghu (Magong)	石榴
	Penang (Hokkien)	石榴
	Jieyang	石榴
	Bangkok (Teochew)	石榴
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	紅花石榴
	Singapore (Teochew)	石榴
	Haikou	石榴
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	石榴
Wu	Shanghai	石榴
	Shanghai (Chongming)	石榴
	Suzhou	石榴
	Danyang	石榴
	Hangzhou	石榴
	Ningbo	石榴, 金猛
	Wenzhou	金櫻
	Jinhua	石榴
Xiang	Changsha	石榴
	Loudi	石榴