宋

宋 U+5B8B, 宋 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5B8B ← 宊 [U+5B8A] CJK Unified Ideographs 完 → [U+5B8C]

Translingual

Han character

宋 (radical 40, 宀+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 十木 (JD) or X十木 (XJD), four-corner 3090₄, composition ⿱宀木)

References

• KangXi: page 282, character 12
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7078
• Dae Jaweon: page 554, character 7
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 915, character 2
• Unihan data for U+5B8B

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		宋

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 宋
Shang	Western Zhou	Spring and Autumn	Warring States		Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Bronze inscriptions	Chu Slip and silk script	Qin slip script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (宋) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
浨	*ruːmʔ
俕	*sluːms
宋	*sluːŋs

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): sòng (song⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄙㄨㄥˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): sung³
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sung
• Min Dong (BUC): sóng
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): sòng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): song³

• Wu (Wiktionary): son (T2)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: sòng
    • Zhuyin: ㄙㄨㄥˋ
    • Wade–Giles: sung⁴
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sonq
    • IPA ^(key): /sʊŋ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: sung³
    • Yale: sung
    • Cantonese Pinyin: sung³
    • Guangdong Romanization: sung³
    • IPA ^(key): /sʊŋ³³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sung
    • Hakka Romanization System: sung
    • Hagfa Pinyim: sung⁴
    • IPA: /suŋ⁵⁵/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: sóng
    • IPA ^(key): /souŋ²¹³/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sòng
    • Tâi-lô: sòng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: soxng
    • IPA (Xiamen): /sɔŋ²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /sɔŋ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /sɔŋ²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /sɔŋ¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /sɔŋ²¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: song³
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sòng
    • IPA ^(key): /soŋ²¹³/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: son (T2)
    • IPA ^(key): /sʊŋ³⁴/

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• Dialectal data▼

Variety	Location	edit 宋
Mandarin	Beijing	/suŋ⁵¹/
	Harbin	/suŋ⁵³/
	Tianjin	/suŋ⁵³/
	Jinan	/suŋ²¹/
	Qingdao	/səŋ⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/suŋ³¹²/
	Xi'an	/suŋ⁴⁴/
	Xining	/suə̃²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/suŋ¹³/
	Lanzhou	/sũn¹³/
	Ürümqi	/suŋ²¹³/
	Wuhan	/soŋ³⁵/
	Chengdu	/soŋ¹³/
	Guiyang	/soŋ²¹³/
	Kunming	/soŋ¹/
	Nanjing	/soŋ⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/səŋ⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/suəŋ¹¹/
	Pingyao	/suŋ³⁵/
	Hohhot	/sũŋ⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/soŋ³⁵/
	Suzhou	/soŋ⁵¹³/
	Hangzhou	/soŋ⁴⁴⁵/
	Wenzhou	/soŋ⁴²/
Hui	Shexian	/sʌ̃³²⁴/
	Tunxi	/san⁴²/
Xiang	Changsha	/soŋ⁵⁵/
	Xiangtan	/sən⁵⁵/
Gan	Nanchang	/suŋ⁴⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/suŋ⁵³/
	Taoyuan	/suŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/soŋ³³/
	Nanning	/ɬuŋ³³/
	Hong Kong	/suŋ³³/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/sɔŋ²¹/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/souŋ²¹²/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/sɔŋ³³/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/soŋ²¹³/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/soŋ³⁵/ /taŋ³⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: /suoŋ^H/▼

Rime
Character	宋
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	冬 (5)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	蘇統切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/suoŋH/
Pan Wuyun	/suoŋH/
Shao Rongfen	/soŋH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/sawŋH/
Li Rong	/soŋH/
Wang Li	/suoŋH/
Bernard Karlgren	/suoŋH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	sòng

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[s]ˤuŋ-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*sluːŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	宋
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	sòng
Middle Chinese	‹ sowngH ›
Old Chinese	/*[s]ˁuŋ-s/
English	(place name)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	宋
Reading #	1/1
No.	12061
Phonetic component	宋
Rime group	終
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	宋
Old Chinese	/*sluːŋs/
Notes	疑林省聲

Definitions

宋

1. (～朝) A former dynasty in China, reigning from the end of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms to the beginning of the Yuan
2. A former empire in China, occupying the eastern half of modern China
3. The era of Chinese history during which the dynasty reigned
4. A surname, listed 118th in the Baijiaxing
5. A former duchy and kingdom in China, occupying an area southeast of the Yellow River during the Warring States period
6. A Chinese constellation, considered a part of the Left Wall of the Heavenly Market Enclosure

See also

Dynasties (朝代) in Chinese history
Name	Time period	Divisions
Xia 夏 (～朝, ～代)	2070 – 1600 BCE
Shang 商 (～朝, ～代) 殷 (～朝, ～代)	1600 – 1046 BCE
Zhou 周 (～朝, ～代)	1046 – 256 BCE	Western Zhou 西周
		Eastern Zhou 東周／东周	Spring and Autumn period 春秋
			Warring States period 戰國／战国
Qin 秦 (～朝, ～代)	221 – 206 BCE
Han 漢／汉 (～朝, ～代)	206 BCE – 220 CE	Western Han 西漢／西汉
		Xin 新 (～朝)
		Eastern Han 東漢／东汉
Three Kingdoms 三國／三国	220 – 280 CE	Wei 魏
		Shu 蜀
		Wu 吳／吴
Jin 晉／晋 (～朝, ～代)	265 – 420 CE	Western Jin 西晉／西晋
		Eastern Jin 東晉／东晋
Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝	420 – 589 CE	Northern dynasties 北朝	Northern Wei 北魏
			Western Wei 西魏
			Eastern Wei 東魏／东魏
			Northern Zhou 北周
			Northern Qi 北齊／北齐
		Southern dynasties 南朝	Liu Song 劉宋／刘宋
			Southern Qi 南齊／南齐
			Liang 梁 (～朝, ～代)
			Chen 陳／陈 (～朝, ～代)
Sui 隋 (～朝, ～代)	581 – 618 CE
Tang 唐 (～朝, ～代)	618 – 907 CE
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms 五代十國／五代十国	907 – 960 CE
Liao 遼／辽 (～朝, ～代)	907 – 1125 CE
Song 宋 (～朝, ～代)	960 – 1279 CE	Northern Song 北宋
		Southern Song 南宋
Western Xia 西夏	1038 – 1227 CE
Jin 金 (～朝, ～代)	1115 – 1234 CE
Western Liao 西遼／西辽	1124 – 1218 CE
Yuan 元 (～朝, ～代)	1271 – 1368 CE
Ming 明 (～朝, ～代)	1368 – 1644 CE
Qing 清 (～朝, ～代)	1636 – 1912 CE

Compounds

• 上宋窯／上宋窑 (Shàngsòngyáo)
• 下宋窯／下宋窑 (Xiàsòngyáo)
• 仿宋本
• 仿宋體／仿宋体 (fǎngsòngtǐ)
• 兩宋／两宋 (Liǎng-Sòng)
• 劉宋／刘宋 (Liúsòng)
• 北宋 (Běi Sòng)
• 南宋 (Nán Sòng)
• 呂宋島／吕宋岛
• 呂宋菸／吕宋烟
• 大宋 (Dàsòng)
• 大宋小宋
• 宋三彩
• 宋仁宗
• 宋儒
• 宋元學案／宋元学案
• 宋史
• 宋哲宗
• 宋四大書／宋四大书
• 宋埠 (Sòngbù)

• 宋太宗
• 宋太祖
• 宋學／宋学
• 宋徽宗
• 宋斤魯削／宋斤鲁削
• 宋書／宋书
• 宋會要／宋会要
• 宋朝 (Sòngcháo)
• 宋本
• 宋板
• 宋欽宗／宋钦宗
• 宋江陣／宋江阵
• 宋洛 (Sòngluò)
• 宋瓷
• 宋畫／宋画
• 宋畫吳冶／宋画吴冶
• 宋真宗
• 宋神宗
• 宋襄之仁
• 宋襄公

• 宋詞／宋词
• 宋詩鈔／宋诗钞
• 宋頭巾／宋头巾
• 宋體字／宋体字 (sòngtǐzì)
• 宋高宗
• 小宋 (Xiǎosòng)
• 屈宋
• 影宋抄本
• 房杜姚宋
• 才過屈宋／才过屈宋
• 杞宋無徵／杞宋无征
• 東宋／东宋 (Dōngsòng)
• 班香宋豔／班香宋艳
• 皕宋樓／皕宋楼
• 羅宋湯／罗宋汤 (luósòngtāng)
• 老宋體／老宋体
• 衙官屈宋
• 趙宋／赵宋
• 鄭昭宋聾／郑昭宋聋

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Japanese

Kanji

宋

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

1. Song (Chinese dynasty)

Readings

(Can we verify⁽⁺⁾ this pronunciation?)

• Go-on: そ (so)
• Kan-on: そう (sō)
• Tō-on: そん (son)
• Sō-on: そん (son)

Compounds

Compounds

• 屈 (くっ)宋 (そう) (Kussō)
• 呂 (ル)宋 (ソン) (Ruson, “Luzon”)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
宋
そう Jinmeiyō
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 宋 (MC suoŋ^H). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation

• On’yomi: Kan’on
  • IPA^(key): [so̞ː]

Proper noun

宋 (hiragana そう, rōmaji Sō)

1. Song (former Chinese dynasty):
   1. name of the state during the Zhou dynasty (Can we verify⁽⁺⁾ this sense?)
   2. the 劉宋 (Ryūsō), around 420-479
   3. the 北宋 (Hokusō, “Northern Song”) and 南宋 (Nansō, “Southern Song”) dynasties, spanning around 960-1279
2. a surname​.

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 宋 (そう)音 (おん) (Sō-on)
• 宋学 (そうがく) (Sō-gaku)
• 宋 (そう)詞 (し) (Sō-shi)
• 宋 (そう)朝 (ちょう) (Sō-chō)
• 入 (にゅう)宋 (そう) (nyū-Sō)

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Korean

Hanja

宋 • (song) (hangeul 송, McCune–Reischauer song)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

宋 (tống)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.