寇

See also: 冦

寇 U+5BC7, 寇 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5BC7 ← 密 [U+5BC6] CJK Unified Ideographs 寈 → [U+5BC8]

Translingual

Han character

寇 (Kangxi radical 40, 宀+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 十一山水 (JMUE), four-corner 3021₄, composition ⿱宀⿺元攴)

Derived characters

• 滱, 𢠠, 𫅟, 䳹, 蔻, 簆

Further reading

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 288, character 15
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7209
• Dae Jaweon: page 571, character 4
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 936, character 7
• Unihan data for U+5BC7

Chinese

simp. and trad.		寇
alternative forms		宼 冦 㓂 窛 𡨥 宼 冦 㓂 窛 𡨥 𡯷 𢽉 𥦆 𥦲 𭁵

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 寇
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (寇) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
滱	*kʰoː, *kʰoːs
寇	*kʰoːs
簆	*kʰoːs
蔻	*qʰoːs

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) - a person who holds a stick (卜) with his hand (又), about to beat the head (元) of another person, under the other persons own roof (宀). In Oracle bone script, two hands are holding the stick. In modern form, 卜 and 又 have merged into one character (攴), and is partially surrounded by 元.

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-kəw ~ hu (“to steal”). Compare Tibetan རྐུ (rku, “to steal”) and Burmese ခိုး (hkui:, “to steal”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): kòu (kou⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄎㄡˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): kau³
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): khieu

  (Meixian, Guangdong): kêu⁴

• Jin (Wiktionary): kou³
• Northern Min (KCR): ke̿
• Eastern Min (BUC): káiu
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): khò͘ / khiò

  (Teochew, Peng'im): kou³ / kao³

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁵kheu
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): kou⁴

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: kòu
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄡˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: kòu
    • Wade–Giles: kʻou⁴
    • Yale: kòu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kow
    • Palladius: коу (kou)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰoʊ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: kau³
    • Yale: kau
    • Cantonese Pinyin: kau³
    • Guangdong Romanization: keo³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɐu̯³³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khieu
    • Hakka Romanization System: kieu
    • Hagfa Pinyim: kieu⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯eu̯⁵⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: kêu⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /kʰeu⁵³/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: kou³
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /kʰxəu⁴⁵/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ke̿
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰe³³/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: káiu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɑu²¹³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Zhangpu, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khò͘
    • Tâi-lô: khòo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qox
    • IPA (Zhangpu): /kʰɔu¹¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /kʰɔ²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kʰɔ¹¹/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khiò
    • Tâi-lô: khiò
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qioix
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /kʰio⁴¹/
    • IPA (Nan'an): /kʰio³¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: kou³ / kao³
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khòu / khàu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰou²¹³/, /kʰau²¹³/

Note:

• kou3 - literary;
• kao3 - vernacular.

• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ⁵kheu
    • MiniDict: kheu^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²kheu
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kʰɤ³⁴/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: kou⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰəu̯⁴⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: khuwH

Rime
Character	寇
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	侯 (137)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	苦候切
Baxter	khuwH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰəuH/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰəuH/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰəuH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰəwH/
Li Rong	/kʰuH/
Wang Li	/kʰəuH/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰə̯uH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	kòu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hau3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ʰˤ(r)o-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʰoːs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	寇
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	kòu
Middle Chinese	‹ khuwH ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]ʰˁ(r)o-s/
English	rob; robber
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	寇
Reading #	1/1
No.	7497
Phonetic component	寇
Rime group	侯
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	𡨥
Old Chinese	/*kʰoːs/

Definitions

寇

1. bandit; thief; invader
2. foe; enemy
3. to rob; to plunder

   • 山木自寇也，膏火自煎也。 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]

     From: Zhuangzi, circa 3^rd – 2^nd centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Shān mù zìkòu yě, gāo huǒ zìjiān yě. [Pinyin]

     The mountain, by its trees, plunders itself. The oil, being combustible, evaporates itself.

4. to invade
5. a surname

Compounds

• 倭寇 (wōkòu)
• 司寇 (sīkòu)
• 寇亂／寇乱 (kòuluàn)
• 寇仇 (kòuchóu)
• 寇劫
• 寇掠
• 寇攘
• 寇敌
• 寇機／寇机
• 寇準／寇准
• 寇熱／寇热
• 寇盗
• 寇脱
• 寇警
• 寇賊／寇贼
• 寇鈔／寇钞
• 寇雉
• 寇雠 (kòuchóu)
• 寇黨／寇党
• 成者為王，敗者為寇／成者为王，败者为寇 (chéng zhě wéi wáng, bài zhě wéi kòu)
• 流寇 (liúkòu)
• 禦寇／御寇
• 窮寇／穷寇
• 草寇 (cǎokòu)

 

Japanese

Kanji

寇

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. foe, enemy, rival
2. resentment, enmity, grudge
3. harm, injury

Readings

• Go-on: く (ku)
• Kan-on: こう (kō)
• Kun: あだする (adasuru, 寇する)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 寇 (MC khuwH). Recorded as Middle Korean 𡨥/구〯 (kwǔ) (Yale: kwu) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource

寇 (eumhun 도둑 구 (doduk gu))

1. Hanja form^? of 구 (“bandit; thief; invader”).

Compounds

Compounds

• 왜구 (倭寇, waegu)
• 구적 (寇賊, gujeok)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

Vietnamese

Han character

寇: Hán Việt readings: khấu
寇: Nôm readings: kháu, khấu

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation