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審

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 审 and 宷
審 U+5BE9, 審
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5BE9
← 寨
[U+5BE8] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 寪 →
[U+5BEA]

Translingual

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Han character

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審 (Kangxi radical 40, 宀+12, 15 strokes, Cangjie input 十竹木田 (JHDW), four-corner 30609, composition ⿱宀番)

Derived characters

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Additional Derived Characters

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 291, character 22
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7316
  • Dae Jaweon: page 577, character 21
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 954, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+5BE9

Chinese

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trad. 審
simp. 审
alternative forms 宷

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 審
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (宷) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
宷 *hljɯmʔ
審 *hljɯmʔ
瀋 *l̥ʰjɯmʔ
嬸 *hljɯmʔ

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 宀 (“roof”) + 釆 (“to distinguish”) + 田. There are two theories about the component 田. One is that it was originally 口 (“mouth”), then corrupted into 曰 (“say”), then further into 田. The other one is that its a remnant from a variant form ⿱宷思 with 心 omitted. The Shuowen Jiezi describes 審 as the seal script variant of 宷.

Pronunciation

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  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 審
Mandarin Beijing /ʂən²¹⁴/
Harbin /ʂən²¹³/
Tianjin /ʂən¹³/
/sən¹³/
Jinan /ʂẽ⁵⁵/
Qingdao /ʃə̃⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /ʂən⁵³/
Xi'an /ʂẽ⁵³/
Xining /ʂə̃⁵³/
Yinchuan /ʂəŋ⁵³/
Lanzhou /ʂə̃n⁴⁴²/
Ürümqi /ʂɤŋ⁵¹/
Wuhan /sən⁴²/
Chengdu /sən⁵³/
Guiyang /sen⁴²/
Kunming /ʂə̃⁵³/
Nanjing /ʂən²¹²/
Hefei /ʂən²⁴/
Jin Taiyuan /səŋ⁵³/
Pingyao /ʂəŋ⁵³/
Hohhot /sə̃ŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /səŋ³⁵/
Suzhou /sən⁵¹/
Hangzhou /sen⁵³/
Wenzhou /saŋ³⁵/
Hui Shexian /ɕiʌ̃³⁵/
Tunxi /ɕian³¹/
Xiang Changsha /ʂən⁴¹/
Xiangtan /ʂən⁴²/
Gan Nanchang /sɨn²¹³/
Hakka Meixian /səm³¹/
Taoyuan /ʃem³¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /sɐm³⁵/
Nanning /sɐm³⁵/
Hong Kong /sɐm³⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /sim⁵³/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /siŋ³²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /seiŋ²¹/
Shantou (Teochew) /sim⁵³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /tim²¹³/
Rime
Character 審
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 書 (26)
Final (韻) 侵 (139)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 式任切
Baxter syimX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɕiɪmX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɕimX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɕjemX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɕimX/
Li
Rong 		/ɕiəmX/
Wang
Li 		/ɕĭĕmX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ɕi̯əmX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		shěn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		sam2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 審
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		shěn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ syimX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*s.tʰ[ə]mʔ/
English examine, discriminate

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 審
Reading # 1/1
No. 11261
Phonetic
component 		宷
Rime
group 		侵
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese 		/*hljɯmʔ/
Notes 荏由任校改，說文同宷

Definitions

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審

  1. to examine; to investigate
  2. (law) to try; to judge
  3. (literary, or in compounds) meticulous
  4. (literary, or in compounds) indeed

Synonyms

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  • (to examine):
  • (to try):
  • (meticulous):

Antonyms

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  • (antonym(s) of “meticulous”):

Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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審

(Jōyō kanji)

  1. examine

Readings

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  • Go-on: しん (shin, Jōyō)
  • Kan-on: しん (shin, Jōyō)
  • Kun: つまびらか (tsumabiraka, 審らか)

Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese 審 (MC syimX).

Historical readings
Dongguk Jeongun reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 심〯 (Yale: syim)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Sinjeung Yuhap, 1576 샹찰 (Yale: syangchal) 심 (Yale: syim)

Pronunciation

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  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ɕʰi(ː)m]
  • Phonetic hangul: [심(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

審 (eumhun 살필 심 (salpil sim))

  1. hanja form? of 심 (“to examine; to investigate”)
  2. hanja form? of 심 (“to judge”)

Compounds

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Compounds

Vietnamese

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Han character

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審: Hán Việt readings: thẩm[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]
審: Nôm readings: thắm[1][2][3][4][5][6][7], thẳm[1][2][4], thấm[1][2][4], sặm[6][7], thẫm[3], săm[4], sẩm[4], thủm[4], thẩm[6]

  1. chữ Hán form of thẩm (“(in compounds) to examine; to try; to judge”)
  2. chữ Nôm form of thắm (“(of color, especially the color red) dark; carmine; gorgeous”)
  3. chữ Nôm form of thẳm (“extending very far away”)
  4. chữ Nôm form of thấm (“used in thấm thoắt (“passing quickly; fleeting; ephemeral”)”)

References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Trần (2004).
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 Hồ (1976).
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Bonet (1899).
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Génibrel (1898).
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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