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底

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 厎
底 U+5E95, 底
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5E95
← 应
[U+5E94] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 庖 →
[U+5E96]

Translingual

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Stroke order
8 strokes

Han character

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底 (Kangxi radical 53, 广+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 戈竹心一 (IHPM) or 戈竹女戈 (IHVI), four-corner 00242, composition ⿸广氐)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 344, character 6
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9262
  • Dae Jaweon: page 653, character 28
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 878, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+5E95

Chinese

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trad. 底
simp. # 底

Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (氐) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
低 *tiːl
氐 *tiːl, *til
袛 *tiːl
羝 *tiːl
眡 *tiːl, *djilʔ
岻 *tiːl, *dil
奃 *tiːl
趆 *tiːl, *tiːls
柢 *tiːl, *tiːlʔ, *tiːls
邸 *tiːlʔ
底 *tiːlʔ
詆 *tiːlʔ, *diːl
坻 *tiːlʔ, *tjelʔ, *dil
抵 *tiːlʔ
牴 *tiːlʔ
觝 *tiːlʔ
弤 *tiːlʔ
軧 *tiːlʔ
骶 *tiːls
砥 *tjelʔ, *tjil, *tjilʔ, *tjils
胝 *til
疷 *til
秪 *til
泜 *dil
蚳 *dil
彽 *dil
阺 *dil
貾 *dil
祗 *tjil
厎 *tjilʔ, *tjɯʔ
茋 *tjilʔ
鴟 *tʰjil
汦 *kjeʔ, *tjil

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *tiːlʔ): semantic 广 (“building”) + phonetic 氐 (OC *tiːl, *til) – the bottom or base, foundation of a building. Note that 氐, according to one interpretation, is a figure bowing or the root of a tree, hence a connotation of "down"; if the interpretation is correct, the phonetic component also adds part of the meaning.

Etymology 1

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Cognate with 低 (OC *tiːl, “to lower; low”), 柢 (OC *tiːl, *tiːlʔ, *tiːls, “root of a tree; base”).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • tái - vernacular;
  • tí - literary.
Note:
  • dā̤ - vernacular;
  • dī - literary.
Note:
  • Xiamen, Quanzhou:
    • té - literary;
    • tóe - vernacular;
    • tí - vernacular (limited, e.g. 到底).
  • Zhangzhou:
    • té - literary;
    • tí - vernacular (limited, e.g. 到底).
  • Taiwan:
    • té/tóe/tére - vernacular;
    • tí - literary.
Note:
  • doi2/doin2 - vernacular;
  • di2 - literary.
    • (Leizhou)
      • Leizhou Pinyin: doi2 / di2
      • Sinological IPA: /tɔi³¹/, /ti³¹/
Note:
  • doi2 - vernacular;
  • di2 - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 底
Mandarin Beijing /ti²¹⁴/
Harbin /ti²¹³/
Tianjin /ti¹³/
Jinan /ti⁵⁵/
Qingdao /ti⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /ti⁵³/
Xi'an /ti⁵³/
Xining /t͡sz̩⁵³/
Yinchuan /ti⁵³/
Lanzhou /ti⁴⁴²/
Ürümqi /ti⁵¹/
Wuhan /ti⁴²/
Chengdu /ti⁵³/
Guiyang /ti⁴²/
Kunming /ti⁵³/
Nanjing /ti²¹²/
Hefei /t͡sz̩⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /ti⁵³/
Pingyao /ti⁵³/
Hohhot /ti⁵³/
Wu Shanghai /ti³⁵/
Suzhou /ti⁵¹/
Hangzhou /ti⁵³/
Wenzhou /tei³⁵/
Hui Shexian /ti³⁵/
Tunxi /te³¹/
Xiang Changsha /ti⁴¹/
Xiangtan /ti⁴²/
Gan Nanchang /ti²¹³/
Hakka Meixian /tai³¹/
Taoyuan /tɑi³¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /tɐi³⁵/
Nanning /tɐi²²/
Hong Kong /tɐi³⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /te⁵³/
/tue⁵³/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /tɛ³²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /tai²¹/
Shantou (Teochew) /toi⁵³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /ʔdi²¹³/
/ʔdɔi²¹³/
Rime
Character 底
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 端 (5)
Final (韻) 齊 (39)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) IV
Fanqie 都禮切
Baxter tejX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/teiX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/teiX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/tɛiX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/tɛjX/
Li
Rong 		/teiX/
Wang
Li 		/tieiX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/tieiX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		dǐ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		dai2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 底
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		dǐ
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tejX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*tˁijʔ/
English bottom; stop, obstruct

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 底
Reading # 1/1
No. 2244
Phonetic
component 		氐
Rime
group 		脂
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		邸
Old
Chinese 		/*tiːlʔ/

Definitions

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底

  1. bottom; underneath; underside
  2. ground; background
  3. ins and outs; actual situation
  4. master copy
  5. (Cantonese) copy kept as a record
    留底 [Cantonese]  ―  lau4 dai2 [Jyutping]  ―  to keep a copy
  6. end (of a year or month)
    See also: 年底, 月底
    六月底 [Cantonese]  ―  luk6 jyut6 dai2 [Jyutping]  ―  end of June
  7. remnants; remains; leftovers
  8. (Southern Min) inside
    糜底 [Teochew]  ―  in the congee
  9. (mathematics) base (of triangle, logarithm, etc.)
  10. (Cantonese) staple food as the base of a meal
    伊麵底／伊面底 [Cantonese]  ―  ji1 min6 dai2 [Jyutping]  ―  e-fu noodles as the base (e.g., for lobster)
    加底 [Cantonese]  ―  gaa1 dai2 [Jyutping]  ―  to add rice in a meal
  11. (Cantonese, traditional Chinese medicine) physique; constitution (of a person)
    寒底 [Cantonese]  ―  hon4 dai2 [Jyutping]  ―  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
  12. (Hong Kong Cantonese) tendency in one's personality; leaning
    燥底 [Cantonese]  ―  cou3 dai2 [Jyutping]  ―  having a bad temper
    紅底／红底 [Cantonese]  ―  hung4 dai2 [Jyutping]  ―  having pro-CCP leanings
    M底 [Cantonese]  ―  em1 dai2 [Jyutping]  ―  having a masochistic side
  13. (Cantonese) ground; foundation
    我數底好差。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    我数底好差。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    ngo5 sou3 dai2 hou2 caa1. [Jyutping]
    My foundation of math is very poor.
  14. (Cantonese) background (of a person); criminal record
    佢個底花嗮。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    佢个底花嗮。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    keoi5 go3 dai2 faa1 saai3. [Jyutping]
    His criminal record is all dirty and messy.
  15. (Cantonese) underpants (short for 底褲 / 底裤 (dai2 fu3)) (Classifier: 條／条 c)
    紅底／红底 [Cantonese]  ―  hung4 dai2 [Jyutping]  ―  red underpants
    露底 [Cantonese]  ―  lou6 dai2 [Jyutping]  ―  to expose one's underpants
  16. (Cantonese) Classifier for pastry made or served in flat-shaped container.
    半底雞蛋仔／半底鸡蛋仔 [Cantonese]  ―  bun3 dai2 gai1 daan6 zai2 [Jyutping]  ―  a half-disc of egg waffle
    過年整咗一底蘿蔔糕同一底年糕。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    过年整咗一底萝卜糕同一底年糕。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    gwo3 nin4 zing2 zo2 jat1 dai2 lo4 baak6 gou1 tung4 jat1 dai2 nin4 gou1. [Jyutping]
    During the Chinese New Year (I) made a slab of turnip cake and a slab of rice cake.
  17. short for 底細／底细 (dǐxì)
Synonyms
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Dialectal synonyms of 內褲 (“underpants”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 內褲
Northeastern Mandarin Taiwan 內褲
Malaysia 底褲
Singapore 底褲 male briefs, female, 內褲 male boxers
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 褲頭兒
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 內褲, 搖褲, 火搖褲, 火炮兒
Guilin 內褲
Liuzhou 內褲, 底褲
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 褲頭兒
Yangzhou 短褲, 褲頭子
Cantonese Guangzhou 底褲
Hong Kong 底褲, 底橫, 底底, 底
Taishan 底褲
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 底褲
Singapore (Guangfu) 底褲
Gan Nanchang 褲頭子
Hakka Meixian 底褲仔, 底褲
Xingning 底褲, 底褲哩
Yudu 內褲, 底褲子
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 底褲仔, 伴子
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 底褲仔, 內褲, 伴子
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 身底褲, 底褲仔, 伴子
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 底褲, 內褲, 伴子
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 身底褲, 底褲, 伴子
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 內褲, 內底褲, 伴子
Kuching (Hepo) 底褲
Southern Min Tainan (Anping) 內褲
Penghu (Xiyu) 內褲
Penang (Hokkien) 內面褲, 底褲
Singapore (Hokkien) 底褲 male briefs, female, 內褲 male boxers
Manila (Hokkien) 內褲
Shantou 底褲, 內褲
Puning 褲頭, 內褲, 內褲頭
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 底褲, 內褲
Wu Danyang 短褲頭子, 褲頭子
Wenzhou 褲頭兒, 褲頭
Xiang Changsha 內褲

Compounds

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Etymology 2

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Pronunciation

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Definitions

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底

  1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) possessive particle, equivalent to modern Mandarin 的 (de)

Etymology 3

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From 等 (MC tojX), probably a clipping or influenced by 何等 (OC *ɡaːl tɯːʔ/tɯːŋʔ).

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 底
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 端 (5)
Final (韻) 齊 (39)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) IV
Fanqie 都禮切
Baxter tejX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/teiX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/teiX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/tɛiX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/tɛjX/
Li
Rong 		/teiX/
Wang
Li 		/tieiX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/tieiX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		dǐ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		dai2

Definitions

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底

  1. (literary or Min) which; what

Synonyms

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Dialectal synonyms of 哪 (“which”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 何, 孰
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 哪
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 哪
Taiwan 哪
Malaysia 哪
Singapore 哪
Cantonese Guangzhou 邊
Hong Kong 邊
Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) 選
Taishan 哪
Yangjiang 邊
Singapore (Guangfu) 邊
Hakka Miaoli (N. Sixian) 哪
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 哪
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 哪
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 哪
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 哪
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 哪
Hong Kong 哪
Eastern Min Fuzhou 底
Fuqing 底
Southern Min Xiamen 佗
Quanzhou 佗
Zhangzhou 佗
Taipei 佗
Kaohsiung 佗
Singapore (Hokkien) 佗
Manila (Hokkien) 佗
Chaozhou 底
Singapore (Teochew) 底
Haikou 底
Singapore (Hainanese) 底
Wu Shanghai 阿裡, 賴裡
Wenzhou 若, 狃

Compounds

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Etymology 4

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Pronunciation

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Definitions

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底

  1. (Hokkien) alternative form of 咧 (teh, “in the process of; currently”)

References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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底

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

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  • Go-on: たい (tai)
  • Kan-on: てい (tei, Jōyō)
  • Kun: そこ (soko, 底, Jōyō)、なんぞ (nanzo)
  • Nanori: いたる (itaru)

Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
底
そこ
Grade: 4
kun'yomi

Pronunciation

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Noun

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底(そこ) • (soko) 

  1. the bottom
    底(そこ)に沈(しず)む
    soko ni shizumu
    sink to the bottom
Antonyms
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Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
底
てい
Grade: 4
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 底 (tejX).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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底(てい) • (tei) 

  1. base of a logarithm

References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

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Hanja

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底 • (jeo, ji) (hangeul 저, 지, revised jeo, ji, McCune–Reischauer chŏ, chi)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

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Han character

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底: Hán Việt readings: để[1][2][3][4][5][6]
底: Nôm readings: đáy[1][2][3][7], để[1][4][6][7], đé[3][5][6], đẽ[2][3], dẻ[1], đẻ[1], đây[2], đẩy[7]

  1. chữ Nôm form of dẻ (“chestnut”)
  2. chữ Nôm form of đáy (“bottom”)
  3. chữ Nôm form of đẻ (“to give birth to”)
  4. chữ Nôm form of để (“to place; to set; to leave”)

References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Trần (2004).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Hồ (1976).
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Bonet (1899).
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Génibrel (1898).
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
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