庶

See also: 庻

庶 U+5EB6, 庶 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5EB6 ← 庵 [U+5EB5] CJK Unified Ideographs 康 → [U+5EB7]

庶 U+2F88D, 庶 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F88D ← 庳 [U+2F88C] CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 廊 → [U+2F88E]

Translingual

Han character

庶 (radical 53, 广+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 戈廿火 (ITF), four-corner 0023₇, composition ⿸广⿱廿灬)

1. numerous, various
2. multitude

See also

• 度, 席

References

• KangXi: page 347, character 20
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9373
• Dae Jaweon: page 657, character 28
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 886, character 15
• Unihan data for U+5EB6

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		庶

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (庶) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
褯	*zljaːɡs
遮	*tjaː
蔗	*tjaːɡs
鷓	*tjaːɡs
樜	*tjaːɡs, *hljaɡs
蟅	*tjaːɡs, *tjaːɡ
嗻	*tjaːɡs
鍍	*daː, *daːɡs
度	*daːɡs, *daːɡ
渡	*daːɡs
庶	*hljaɡs
剫	*daːɡ
踱	*daːɡ
喥	*daːɡ
謶	*tjaɡ
席	*ljaːɡ
蓆	*ljaːɡ
墌	*tjaːɡ
摭	*tjaːɡ
蹠	*tjaːɡ

Originally from 石 (“stone; rock”) + 火 (“fire”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): shù (shu⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄕㄨˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): syu³
• Min Nan (POJ): sìr / sù / sì

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: shù
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄨˋ
    • Wade–Giles: shu4
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shuh
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shù
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂu⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: syu³
    • Yale: syu
    • Cantonese Pinyin: sy³
    • Guangdong Romanization: xu³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʃyː³³/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sìr
    • Tâi-lô: sìr
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /sɯ⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sù
    • Tâi-lô: sù
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sux
    • IPA (Taipei): /su¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /su²¹/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sì
    • Tâi-lô: sì
    • Phofsit Daibuun: six
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɕi²¹/

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• Middle Chinese: /ɕɨʌ^H/

Rime
Character	庶
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	書 (26)
Final (韻)	魚 (22)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	商署切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɕɨʌH/
Pan Wuyun	/ɕiɔH/
Shao Rongfen	/ɕiɔH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɕɨə̆H/
Li Rong	/ɕiɔH/
Wang Li	/ɕĭoH/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɕi̯woH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	syu3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*s-tak-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*hljaɡs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	庶
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shù
Middle Chinese	‹ syoH ›
Old Chinese	/*s-tak-s/
English	numerous; commoner
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	庶
Reading #	1/1
No.	11905
Phonetic component	庶
Rime group	暮
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	恕
Old Chinese	/*hljaɡs/
Notes	甲金文火上爲石， 石亦聲，本炙初文

Definitions

庶

1. numerous; many

   • 冉有曰：「既庶矣，又何加焉？」曰：「富之。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     冉有曰：“既庶矣，又何加焉？”曰：“富之。” [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Analects of Confucius, circa 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Rǎn Yǒu yuē: “Jì shù yǐ, yòu hé jiā yān?” Yuē: “Fù zhī.” [Pinyin]

     Ran You said, "Since they are thus numerous, what more shall be done for them?" "Enrich them," was the reply.

2. common; ordinary; without title or rank; pertaining to a commoner

   庶人  ―  shùrén  ―  commoner

3. (chiefly historical) pertaining to concubinage (a concept in the polygynous practices of traditional Chinese society)

   Antonym: 嫡 (dí)

   1. (especially) born by a concubine or illegitimate partner

Compounds

• 富庶 (fùshù)
• 庶人 (shùrén)
• 庶子 (shùzǐ)
• 庶幾／庶几 (shùjī)

• 庶母 (shùmǔ)
• 庶民 (shùmín)
• 庶物 (shùwù)

• 支庶 (zhīshù)
• 眾庶／众庶 (zhòngshù)
• 黎庶 (líshù)

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Japanese

Kanji

庶

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. commoner

Readings

• Go-on: しょ (sho, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: しょ (sho, Jōyō)
• Kun: もろもろ (moromoro, 庶); こいねがう (koinegau, 庶う); ちかい (chikai)
• Nanori: ちかし (chikashi)

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Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 庶 (MC ɕɨʌ^H). Recorded as Middle Korean 셔 (Yale: sye) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [sʰʌ̹(ː)]
• Phonetic hangul: [서(ː)]
  • Long vowel distinction only applies at the initial position. Most speakers no longer distinguish vowel length at any position.

Hanja

Wikisource

庶 (eumhun 여러 서 (yeoreo seo))

1. Hanja form^? of 서 (“numerous; many”).

Compounds

Compounds

• 서민 (庶民, seomin, “commoners”)
• 서인 (庶人, seoin, “common people; commoner”)
• 서얼 (庶孼, seo'eol, “son of a concubine”)
• 서자 (庶子, seoja, “son of a concubine”)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

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Vietnamese

Hán tự

庶: Hán Việt readings: thứ
庶: Nôm readings: thứ, thừa, xứa

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.