庶

See also: 庻

庶 U+5EB6, 庶 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5EB6 ← 庵 [U+5EB5] CJK Unified Ideographs 康 → [U+5EB7]

庶 U+2F88D, 庶 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F88D ← 庳 [U+2F88C] CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 廊 → [U+2F88E]

Translingual

Han character

庶 (Kangxi radical 53, 广+8, 11 strokes, Cangjie input 戈廿火 (ITF), four-corner 0023₇, composition ⿸𲟁灬)

1. numerous, various
2. multitude

Derived characters

• 嗻, 墌, 嫬, 摭, 㵂, 遮, 樜, 熫, 蟅, 謶, 蹠, 鏣, 䩾, 䭖
• 㫂, 鷓, 鹧, 蔗, 䉀, 䗪

Additional derived characters

• 𠌮, 𡻠, 𢠫, 𤡍, 𤯋, 𤳌, 𱴰, 𲵒, 𧜥, 𤳐, 𥼌, 𦄝, 𲻥, 𲂔, 𪪩, 𤳯, 𤳼
• 𢋳, 𩔼, 𰊤

See also

• 度, 席

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 347, character 20
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9373
• Dae Jaweon: page 657, character 28
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 886, character 15
• Unihan data for U+5EB6

• Unihan data for U+2F88D

Chinese

simp. and trad.		庶
alternative forms		庻 𢉙 𠪌

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 庶
Western Zhou
Oracle bone script

Characters in the same phonetic series (庶) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
褯	*zljaːɡs
遮	*tjaː
蔗	*tjaːɡs
鷓	*tjaːɡs
樜	*tjaːɡs, *hljaɡs
蟅	*tjaːɡs, *tjaːɡ
嗻	*tjaːɡs
鍍	*daː, *daːɡs
度	*daːɡs, *daːɡ
渡	*daːɡs
庶	*hljaɡs
剫	*daːɡ
踱	*daːɡ
喥	*daːɡ
謶	*tjaɡ
席	*ljaːɡ
蓆	*ljaːɡ
墌	*tjaːɡ
摭	*tjaːɡ
蹠	*tjaːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *hljaɡs): phonetic 石 (OC *djaɡ, “stone”) + semantic 火 (“fire”). In the small seal script, 石 has corrupted into 𲟁. Shuowen Jiezi interprets it as 广 (“roof”) + 炗 (“light”).

Compare 度 (OC *daːɡs, *daːɡ) and 席 (OC *ljaːɡ).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): shù (shu⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄕㄨˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): syu³
• Eastern Min (BUC): sé̤ṳ
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): sy⁴
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): sù / sìr / sì

  (Teochew, Peng'im): su³

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁵sy / ⁵syu / ⁵siu / ⁵shiu / ¹syu
  • (Jinhua): ⁵shiu

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shù
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄨˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shù
    • Wade–Giles: shu⁴
    • Yale: shù
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shuh
    • Palladius: шу (šu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂu⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: syu³
    • Yale: syu
    • Cantonese Pinyin: sy³
    • Guangdong Romanization: xu³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /syː³³/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: sé̤ṳ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /søy²¹³/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian, Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: sy⁴
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: sṳ̍
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬy⁴²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sù
    • Tâi-lô: sù
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sux
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei): /su¹¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Kaohsiung): /su²¹/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Nan'an, Hui'an)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sìr
    • Tâi-lô: sìr
    • Sinological IPA (Nan'an): /sɯ³¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Hui'an): /sɯ²¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /sɯ⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sì
    • Tâi-lô: sì
    • Phofsit Daibuun: six
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /si²¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: su³
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sù
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /su²¹³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai, Chongming)
    • Wugniu: ⁵sy
    • MiniDict: sy^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²sr
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /sɹ̩³⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Chongming): /sɹ̩³³/
  • (Northern: Jiading, Suzhou, Jiaxing, Hangzhou, Zhoushan)
    • Wugniu: ⁵syu
    • MiniDict: syu^去
    • Sinological IPA (Jiading): /sɹ̩ʷ³⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /sɹ̩ʷ⁵²³/
    • Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /sɹ̩ʷ³³⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /sɹ̩ʷ⁴⁵/
    • Sinological IPA (Zhoushan): /sɹ̩ʷ⁴⁴/
  • (Northern: Songjiang)
    • Wugniu: ⁵siu
    • Sinological IPA (Songjiang): /sy³⁵/
  • (Northern: Shaoxing)
    • Wugniu: ⁵shiu
    • MiniDict: shiu^去
    • Sinological IPA (Shaoxing): /ɕy³³/
  • (Northern: Ningbo)
    • Wugniu: ¹syu
    • MiniDict: syu^平
    • Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /sɹ̩ʷ⁵²/
  • (Jinhua)
    • Wugniu: ⁵shiu
    • Sinological IPA (Jinhua): /ɕy⁵⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: syoH

Rime
Character	庶
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	書 (26)
Final (韻)	魚 (22)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	商署切
Baxter	syoH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɕɨʌH/
Pan Wuyun	/ɕiɔH/
Shao Rongfen	/ɕiɔH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɕɨə̆H/
Li Rong	/ɕiɔH/
Wang Li	/ɕĭoH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ɕi̯woH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	syu3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*s-tak-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*hljaɡs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	庶
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shù
Middle Chinese	‹ syoH ›
Old Chinese	/*s-tak-s/
English	numerous; commoner
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	庶
Reading #	1/1
No.	11905
Phonetic component	庶
Rime group	暮
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	恕
Old Chinese	/*hljaɡs/
Notes	甲金文火上爲石， 石亦聲，本炙初文

Definitions

庶

1. numerous; many

   • 冉有曰：「既庶矣，又何加焉？」曰：「富之。」 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]

     From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Rǎn Yǒu yuē: “Jì shù yǐ, yòu hé jiā yān?” Yuē: “Fù zhī.” [Pinyin]

     Ran You said, "Since they are thus numerous, what more shall be done for them?" "Enrich them," was the reply.

2. common; ordinary; without title or rank; pertaining to a commoner

   庶人  ―  shùrén  ―  commoner

3. (chiefly historical) pertaining to concubinage (a concept in the polygynous practices of traditional Chinese society)

   Antonym: 嫡 (dí)

   1. (especially) born by a concubine or illegitimate partner

Compounds

• 富庶 (fùshù)
• 庶人 (shùrén)
• 庶子 (shùzǐ)
• 庶幾 / 庶几 (shùjī)
• 庶母 (shùmǔ)
• 庶民 (shùmín)
• 庶物 (shùwù)
• 支庶 (zhīshù)
• 眾庶 / 众庶 (zhòngshù)
• 黎庶 (líshù)

Japanese

Shinjitai	庶
Kyūjitai	庻

Kanji

庶

(Jōyō kanji)

1. commoner

Readings

• Go-on: しょ (sho, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: しょ (sho, Jōyō)
• Kun: もろもろ (moromoro, 庶)、こいねがう (koinegau, 庶う)、ちかい (chikai, 庶い)、おおい (ōi, 庶い)
• Nanori: ちかし (chikashi)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 庶 (MC syoH). Recorded as Middle Korean 셔 (sye) (Yale: sye) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [sʰɘ(ː)]
• Phonetic hangul: [서(ː)]
  • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

庶 (eumhun 여러 서 (yeoreo seo))

1. hanja form^? of 서 (“numerous; many”)

Compounds

• 서민 (庶民, seomin, “commoners”)
• 서얼 (庶孼, seo'eol, “son of a concubine”)
• 서인 (庶人, seoin, “common people; commoner”)
• 서자 (庶子, seoja, “son of a concubine”)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

Vietnamese

Han character

庶: Hán Việt readings: thứ
庶: Nôm readings: thứ, thừa, xứa

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.