廉

廉 U+5EC9, 廉 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5EC9 ← 廈 [U+5EC8] CJK Unified Ideographs 廊 → [U+5ECA]

廉 U+F9A2, 廉 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9A2 ← 說 [U+F9A1] CJK Compatibility Ideographs 念 → [U+F9A3]

Translingual

Han character

廉 (radical 53, 广+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 戈廿X金 (ITXC), four-corner 0023₇, composition ⿸广兼)

Derived characters

• 濂, 嬚, 燫, 臁, 鐮 (镰), 蠊, 譧, 劆, 薕, 簾

References

• KangXi: page 349, character 8
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9436
• Dae Jaweon: page 659, character 32
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 896, character 1
• Unihan data for U+5EC9

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		廉
alternative forms		亷 㢘 槏 𠪊 𤎉 亷 㢘 槏 𠪊 𤎉 𠪕 𢉧 𢋯 𠔳

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 廉
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (兼) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
譧	*r'eːms
賺	*r'eːms
尲	*kreːm
鹻	*kreːmʔ
歉	*kʰreːms, *kʰreːmʔ, *kʰeːmʔ, *kʰeːms
槏	*kʰreːmʔ
鰜	*ɡreːm, *keːm
稴	*ɡreːm, *ɡ·reːm, *ɡ·reːmʔ, *ɡ·reːms, *ɡeːm
豏	*ɡreːmʔ, *ɡreːms
甉	*ɡreːmʔ, *ɡraːm
廉	*ɡ·rem
鎌	*ɡ·rem
鬑	*ɡ·rem, *ɡ·reːm
鐮	*ɡ·rem
簾	*ɡ·rem
薕	*ɡ·rem, *ɡ·reːm
蠊	*ɡ·rem
嬚	*ɡ·remʔ
溓	*ɡ·remʔ, *ɡ·reːm, *ɡ·reːmʔ
嵰	*kʰremʔ
隒	*ŋɡremʔ
熑	*ɡ·reːm
濂	*ɡ·reːm
燫	*ɡ·reːm
兼	*keːm, *keːms
縑	*keːm
鶼	*keːm
蒹	*keːm
搛	*keːm
謙	*kʰeːm
膁	*kʰeːmʔ
嗛	*kʰeːmʔ
慊	*kʰeːmʔ, *kʰeːb
傔	*kʰeːms
馦	*qʰeːm
嫌	*ɡeːm
鼸	*ɡeːmʔ
尷	*kreːm

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡ·rem): semantic 广 + phonetic 兼 (OC *keːm, *keːms).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): lián (lian²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄢˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): lim⁴
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): liàm

  (Meixian, Guangdong): liam²

• Min Bei (KCR): lǐng
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): liâm

  (Teochew, Peng'im): niam⁵ / liêm⁵

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: lián
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄢˊ
    • Wade–Giles: lien2
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lian
    • Tongyong Pinyin: lián
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ljɛn³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: lim⁴
    • Yale: lìhm
    • Cantonese Pinyin: lim⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: lim⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /liːm²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: liàm
    • Hakka Romanization System: liamˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: liam²
    • Sinological IPA: /li̯am¹¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: liam²
    • Sinological IPA: /liam¹¹/
• Min Bei
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: lǐng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /liŋ²¹/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liâm
    • Tâi-lô: liâm
    • Phofsit Daibuun: liaam
    • IPA (Xiamen): /liam²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /liam²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /liam¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /liam²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /liam²³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: niam⁵ / liêm⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: niâm / liêm
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /niam⁵⁵/, /liem⁵⁵/

Note:

• niam5 - Shantou;
• liêm5 - Chaozhou.

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 廉
Mandarin	Beijing	/lian³⁵/
	Harbin	/lian²⁴/
	Tianjin	/lian⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/liã⁴²/
	Qingdao	/liã⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/lian⁴²/
	Xi'an	/liã²⁴/
	Xining	/liã²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/lian⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/liɛ̃n⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/lian⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/niɛn²¹³/
	Chengdu	/nian³¹/
	Guiyang	/nian²¹/
	Kunming	/liɛ̃³¹/
	Nanjing	/lien²⁴/
	Hefei	/liĩ⁵⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/lie¹¹/
	Pingyao	/lie̞¹³/
	Hohhot	/lie³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/li²³/
	Suzhou	/liɪ¹³/
	Hangzhou	/liẽ̞²¹³/
	Wenzhou	/li³¹/
Hui	Shexian	/le⁴⁴/
	Tunxi	/liɛ⁴⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/liẽ¹³/
	Xiangtan	/niẽ¹²/
Gan	Nanchang	/liɛn⁴⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/liam¹¹/
	Taoyuan	/liɑm¹¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/lim²¹/
	Nanning	/lim²¹/
	Hong Kong	/lim²¹/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/liam³⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/lieŋ⁵³/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/liŋ²¹/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/niam⁵⁵/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/liam³¹/

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• Middle Chinese: /liᴇm/

Rime
Character	廉
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	鹽 (153)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	力鹽切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/liᴇm/
Pan Wuyun	/liɛm/
Shao Rongfen	/ljæm/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/liam/
Li Rong	/liɛm/
Wang Li	/lĭɛm/
Bernard Karlgren	/li̯ɛm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lián
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lim4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*(k-)rem/, /*[r]em/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡ·rem/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	廉	廉
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	lián	lián
Middle Chinese	‹ ljem ›	‹ ljem ›
Old Chinese	/*(k-)rem/	/*[r]em/
English	frugal	angle
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	廉
Reading #	1/1
No.	6042
Phonetic component	兼
Rime group	談
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	廉
Old Chinese	/*ɡ·rem/

Definitions

廉

1. clean; incorruptible; honorable; honest
2. inexpensive
3. A surname​.

Synonyms

• (clean): 潔／洁 (jié)

Antonyms

• (inexpensive): 貴／贵 (guì)

Compounds

• 一廉如水
• 低廉 (dīlián)
• 價廉物美／价廉物美 (jiàliánwùměi)
• 句廉
• 大廉價／大廉价
• 大法小廉
• 威廉 (Wēilián)
• 孝廉 (xiàolián)
• 孝廉方正
• 寡廉鮮恥／寡廉鲜耻 (guǎliánxiǎnchǐ)
• 小廉大法
• 小廉曲謹／小廉曲谨
• 廉使
• 廉俸
• 廉價／廉价 (liánjià)
• 廉吏
• 廉士

• 廉宜
• 廉恥／廉耻 (liánchǐ)
• 廉政 (liánzhèng)
• 廉明 (liánmíng)
• 廉正 (liánzhèng)
• 廉江 (Liánjiāng)
• 廉泉
• 廉潔／廉洁 (liánjié)
• 廉潔奉公／廉洁奉公
• 廉白
• 廉直
• 廉纖／廉纤
• 廉署 (Liánshǔ)
• 廉能
• 廉訪／廉访
• 廉讓／廉让
• 廉錦楓／廉锦枫

• 廉鍔／廉锷
• 廉隅
• 廉頑立懦／廉顽立懦
• 正直清廉
• 毀廉蔑恥／毁廉蔑耻
• 清廉 (qīnglián)
• 物美價廉／物美价廉 (wùměijiàlián)
• 知羞識廉／知羞识廉
• 砥礪廉隅／砥砺廉隅
• 禮義廉恥／礼义廉耻 (lǐyìliánchǐ)
• 節義廉明／节义廉明
• 舉孝廉／举孝廉 (jǔ xiàolián)
• 蚓廉
• 裡廉／里廉
• 頑廉懦立／顽廉懦立
• 飛廉／飞廉 (fēilián)
• 養廉／养廉

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Japanese

Kanji

廉

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: れん (ren, Jōyō)^{←れん (ren, historical)←れむ (remu, ancient)}
• Kan-on: れん (ren, Jōyō)^{←れん (ren, historical)←れむ (remu, ancient)}
• Kun: きよい (kiyoi, 廉い); やすい (yasui, 廉い)

Noun

廉(かど) • (kado) 

1. grounds, suspicion

Proper noun

廉(れん) • (Ren) 

1. A male or female given name

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Korean

Hanja

廉 • (ryeom) (hangeul 렴, revised ryeom, McCune–Reischauer ryŏm, Yale lyem)

1. honest, pure
2. to spy on

Compounds

1. 淸廉 (청렴)
2. 廉探 (염탐)

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Vietnamese

Han character

廉: Hán Nôm readings: liêm, rèm

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