彀

彀 U+5F40, 彀 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5F40 ← 弿 [U+5F3F] CJK Unified Ideographs 彁 → [U+5F41]

Translingual

Han character

彀 (Kangxi radical 57, 弓+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 土弓竹弓水 (GNHNE) or 難土弓竹弓 (XGNHN), four-corner 4724₇, composition ⿹𣪊弓)

1. enough, adequate
2. fully, quite

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 360, character 29
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9844
• Dae Jaweon: page 678, character 20
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2161, character 9
• Unihan data for U+5F40

Chinese

simp. and trad.		彀

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (殻) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
彀	*koːɡs
鷇	*kʰoːɡs
瞉	*kʰoːɡs
豰	*pɢroːɡ, *qʰoːɡ
瑴	*kroːɡ, *koːɡ
愨	*kʰroːɡ
殼	*kʰroːɡ
觳	*kʰroːɡ, *ɡoːɡ
嗀	*qʰroːɡ, *qʰoːɡ
穀	*kloːɡ
糓	*kloːɡ
轂	*kloːɡ
榖	*kloːɡ
瀔	*koːɡ
縠	*ɡloːɡ

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gòu (gou⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄡˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gau³
• Eastern Min (BUC): gáiu
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gieo⁴
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kiò / kò͘

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gòu
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄡˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gòu
    • Wade–Giles: kou⁴
    • Yale: gòu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gow
    • Palladius: гоу (gou)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /koʊ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: gau³
    • Yale: gau
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gau³
    • Guangdong Romanization: geo³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɐu̯³³/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: gáiu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɑu²¹³/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian, Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: gieo⁴
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ga̤̍u
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kieu⁴²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiò
    • Tâi-lô: kiò
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kioix
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /kio⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kò͘
    • Tâi-lô: kòo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kox
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /kɔ²¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei): /kɔ¹¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: kuwH

Rime
Character	彀
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	侯 (137)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	古候切
Baxter	kuwH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kəuH/
Pan Wuyun	/kəuH/
Shao Rongfen	/kəuH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kəwH/
Li Rong	/kuH/
Wang Li	/kəuH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kə̯uH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gòu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gau3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ˤ(r)ok-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*koːɡs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	彀
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	gòu
Middle Chinese	‹ kuwH ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]ˁ(r)ok-s/
English	draw a bow to the full
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	彀
Reading #	1/1
No.	7413
Phonetic component	殻
Rime group	候
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	遘
Old Chinese	/*koːɡs/
Notes	原文弓在下

Definitions

彀

1. (literary) to draw a bow to the full
2. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) target
3. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) shooting range
4. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) good shooter
5. (historical dictionaries only) good
6. (dated) alternative form of 夠 / 够 (gòu)

Compounds

• 不彀
• 不彀味
• 不能彀
• 入彀
• 張羅彀弓 / 张罗彀弓
• 彀中 (gòuzhōng)
• 彀率 (gòulǜ)
• 彀者
• 機彀 / 机彀
• 能彀 (nénggòu)
• 英雄入彀
• 落彀

References

• “彀”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• “彀”, in 重編國語辭典修訂本 [Revised Mandarin Chinese Dictionary] (in Chinese), National Academy for Educational Research (Taiwan), 2021.
• 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “彀”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 77.

Japanese

Kanji

彀

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. enough
2. adequate fully
3. quite

Readings

• On (unclassified): こう (kō)、く (ku)

Korean

Hanja

彀 (eum 구 (gu))

1. draw a bow to the full
2. shoot a bow

Vietnamese

Han character

彀: Hán Nôm readings: cấu

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation