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徐

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
徐 U+5F90, 徐
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5F90
← 徏
[U+5F8F] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 徑 →
[U+5F91]

Translingual

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Han character

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徐 (Kangxi radical 60, 彳+7, 10 strokes, Cangjie input 竹人人一木 (HOOMD), four-corner 28294, composition ⿰彳余)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 367, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10110
  • Dae Jaweon: page 690, character 10
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 825, character 14
  • Unihan data for U+5F90

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 徐

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 徐
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (余) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
斜 *lja, *laː
茶 *rlaː
荼 *rlaː, *ɦlja, *l'aː
梌 *rlaː, *l̥ʰaː, *l'aː
搽 *rlaː
塗 *rlaː, *l'aː
佘 *ɦlja
賒 *hljaː
畬 *hljaː, *la
舍 *hljaːʔ, *hljaːs
捨 *hljaːʔ
騇 *hljaːʔ, *hljaːs
涻 *hljaːs
稌 *l̥ʰaː, *l̥ʰaːʔ
悇 *l̥ʰaː, *l̥ʰas, *las
庩 *l̥ʰaː
捈 *l̥ʰaː, *l'aː
途 *l'aː
酴 *l'aː
駼 *l'aː
鵌 *l'aː, *la
涂 *l'aː, *l'a
嵞 *l'aː
峹 *l'aː
筡 *l'aː, *l̥ʰa
蒤 *l'aː
徐 *lja
俆 *lja
敘 *ljaʔ
漵 *ljaʔ
除 *l'a, *l'as
篨 *rla
滁 *rla
蒢 *rla
蜍 *ɦlja, *la
鵨 *hljaː
瑹 *hlja
余 *la
餘 *la
艅 *la
狳 *la
雓 *la
悆 *las

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *lja): semantic 彳 (“walk slowly”) + phonetic 余 (OC *la)

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • sy2 - literary (including surname);
  • cy2 - vernacular.
Note:
  • Xiamen, Zhangzhou:
    • chhî - vernacular (including surname);
    • sû/sî - literary.
  • Quanzhou:
    • chhî - vernacular;
    • sîr - literary (including surname).
Note:
  • Haining:
    • 2ji - new-style;
    • 2zhi - old-style.
  • Hangzhou:
    • 2jyu - old-style alternative.
  • Songjiang:
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 徐
Mandarin Beijing /ɕy³⁵/
Harbin /ɕy²⁴/
Tianjin /ɕy⁴⁵/
Jinan /ɕy⁴²/
Qingdao /sy⁴²/
Zhengzhou /sy⁴²/
Xi'an /ɕy²⁴/
Xining /ɕy²⁴/
Yinchuan /ɕy⁵³/
Lanzhou /ɕy⁵³/
Ürümqi /ɕy⁵¹/
Wuhan /ɕy²¹³/
Chengdu /ɕy³¹/
Guiyang /ɕi²¹/
Kunming /ɕi³¹/
Nanjing /t͡sʰy²⁴/
Hefei /sz̩ʷ⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /ɕy¹¹/
Pingyao /ɕy¹³/
Hohhot /ɕy³¹/
Wu Shanghai /ʑi²³/
Suzhou /zi¹³/
Hangzhou /d͡zz̩ʷ²¹³/
Wenzhou /zei³¹/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕʰy⁴⁴/
Tunxi /t͡sʰi⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /si¹³/
Xiangtan /ɕy¹²/
Gan Nanchang /t͡ɕʰy²⁴/
Hakka Meixian /t͡sʰi¹¹/
Taoyuan /t͡sʰi¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sʰøy²¹/
Nanning /t͡sʰy²¹/
Hong Kong /t͡sʰøy²¹/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /su³⁵/
/t͡sʰi³⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /sy⁵³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /t͡sy²¹/
Shantou (Teochew) /t͡sʰɯ⁵⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /si³¹/
Rime
Character 徐
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 邪 (17)
Final (韻) 魚 (22)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 似魚切
Baxter zjo
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/zɨʌ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ziɔ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ziɔ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/zɨə̆/
Li
Rong 		/ziɔ/
Wang
Li 		/zĭo/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/zi̯wo/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		xú
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		ceoi4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 徐
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		xú
Middle
Chinese 		‹ zjo ›
Old
Chinese 		/*sə.la/
English walk slowly

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 徐
Reading # 1/1
No. 15782
Phonetic
component 		余
Rime
group 		魚
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		徐
Old
Chinese 		/*lja/

Definitions

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徐

  1. slowly; quietly; calmly
  2. composed; poised
  3. short for 徐州 (Xúzhōu, “Xuzhou”)
  4. a surname
    徐霞客  ―  Xú Xiákè  ―  Xu Xiake (Ming dynasty travel writer)

Compounds

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Descendants

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  • → English: Xu, Hsu, Chui, Tsui, Zee, Chee

References

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  • “徐”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
  • 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long]; 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu]; 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying]; 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019), “徐”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 139.

Japanese

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Kanji

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徐

(Jōyō kanji)

  1. slow, gradual

Readings

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  • Go-on: じょ (jo, Jōyō)
  • Kan-on: しょ (sho)
  • Kun: おもむろ (omomuro, 徐ろ)、おもむろに (omomuro ni, 徐ろに)、おそい (osoi, 徐い)

Derived terms

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Korean

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Hanja

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徐 (eumhun 천천히 서 (cheoncheonhi seo))

  1. slow
  2. a surname

Compounds

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Vietnamese

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Han character

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徐: Hán Việt readings: từ[1][2][3][4][5]
徐: Nôm readings: chờ[1][2][3][4], giờ[1][2][3][4], từ[1][2][3], chừa[2][3][4], trờ[5][6][7], chừ[1][2], thờ[1][3], dờ[2], xờ[3]

  1. chữ Nôm form of chờ (“to wait for; to await”)
  2. chữ Nôm form of chừ (“(Central Vietnam) now”)
  3. chữ Nôm form of giờ (“hour”)
  4. chữ Nôm form of từ (“from, since”)
  5. chữ Nôm form of thờ (“to worship”)

References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 Trần (2004).
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Hồ (1976).
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Bonet (1899).
  6. ^ Génibrel (1898).
  7. ^ Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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