忘

See also: 忙

忘 U+5FD8, 忘 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5FD8 ← 志 [U+5FD7] CJK Unified Ideographs 忙 → [U+5FD9]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

忘 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+3, 7 strokes, cangjie input 卜女心 (YVP), four-corner 0033₁, composition ⿱亡心)

References

• KangXi: page 376, character 24
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10333
• Dae Jaweon: page 703, character 9
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2270, character 9
• Unihan data for U+5FD8

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Chinese

trad.		忘
simp. #		忘

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 忘
Warring States		Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (亡) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
忙	*maːŋ
芒	*maːŋ, *maŋ
茫	*maːŋ
恾	*maːŋ
吂	*maːŋ, *maːŋs
汒	*maːŋ, *maŋs
朚	*maːŋ, *hmaːŋ, *maŋ, *mraːŋ, *mraːŋs
邙	*maːŋ, *maŋ
杗	*maːŋ, *maŋ
荒	*hmaːŋ, *hmaːŋs
肓	*hmaːŋ
衁	*hmaːŋ
巟	*hmaːŋ
詤	*hmaːŋ, *hmaːŋʔ, *hmaŋʔ
慌	*hmaːŋ, *hmaːŋʔ
謊	*hmaːŋʔ
喪	*smaːŋs, *smaːŋ
亡	*maŋ
望	*maŋ, *maŋs
莣	*maŋ
朢	*maŋ, *maŋs
鋩	*maŋ
硭	*maŋ
忘	*maŋ, *maŋs
网	*mlaŋʔ
罔	*mlaŋʔ
蛧	*maŋʔ
網	*mlaŋʔ
輞	*maŋʔ
棢	*maŋʔ
惘	*maŋʔ
菵	*maŋʔ
誷	*maŋʔ
魍	*maŋʔ
妄	*maŋs
盲	*mraːŋ
蝱	*mraːŋ
虻	*mraːŋ
氓	*mraːŋ
甿	*mraːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *maŋ, *maŋs) and ideogrammic compound (會意): phonetic 亡 (OC *maŋ, “to lose, disappear, flee”) + semantic 心 (“heart”)

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ma (“not”). Originally the same word as 亡 (OC *maŋ, “to lose, disappear, flee”) as suggested by Shijing rimes, but it was later suffixed with a perfective suffix *-s (or *-h), literally "it has disappeared (from mind)" (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): wàng, wáng

  (Zhuyin): ㄨㄤˋ, ㄨㄤˊ

  (Chengdu, SP): wang⁴

  (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): вон (von, III)

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou, Jyutping): mong⁴

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): mong³

• Gan (Wiktionary): mong⁴ / mong⁵ / uong⁴ / uong⁵
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): mong
• Jin (Wiktionary): von³
• Min Bei (KCR): uǎng
• Min Dong (BUC): uòng
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): bōng / bông

  (Teochew, Peng'im): bhuang⁵

• Wu (Wiktionary): maan (T3); vaan (T3)
• Xiang (Wiktionary): uan²

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)⁺
    • Pinyin: wàng
    • Zhuyin: ㄨㄤˋ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wanq
    • Tongyong Pinyin: wàng
    • Wade–Giles: wang4
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /wɑŋ⁵¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, literary variant)⁺
    • Pinyin: wáng
    • Zhuyin: ㄨㄤˊ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wang
    • Tongyong Pinyin: wáng
    • Wade–Giles: wang2
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /wɑŋ³⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: wang⁴
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: uong
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /uaŋ²¹³/
  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: вон (von, III)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /vɑŋ⁴⁴/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: mong⁴
    • Yale: mòhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: mong⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: mong⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɔːŋ²¹/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: mong³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ᵐbɔŋ²²/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: mong⁴ / mong⁵ / uong⁴ / uong⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɔŋ³⁵/, /mɔŋ¹¹/, /uɔŋ³⁵/, /uɔŋ¹¹/

Note:

• mong4, mong5 - vernacular;
• uong4, uong5 - literary.

Hakka

• (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mong
  • Hakka Romanization System: mong
  • Hagfa Pinyim: mong⁴
  • Sinological IPA: /moŋ⁵⁵/

Jin

• (Taiyuan)⁺
  • Wiktionary: von³
  • Sinological IPA (old-style): /vɒ̃⁴⁵/

Min Bei

• (Jian'ou)
  • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: uǎng
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /uaŋ²¹/

Min Dong

• (Fuzhou)
  • Bàng-uâ-cê: uòng
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /uoŋ⁵³/

Min Nan

• (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bōng
  • Tâi-lô: bōng
  • Phofsit Daibuun: bong
  • IPA (Quanzhou): /bɔŋ⁴¹/
  • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /bɔŋ²²/
  • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /bɔŋ³³/
• (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bông
  • Tâi-lô: bông
  • Phofsit Daibuun: boong
  • IPA (Taipei): /bɔŋ²⁴/
  • IPA (Kaohsiung): /bɔŋ²³/
• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: bhuang⁵
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: buâng
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /buaŋ⁵⁵/

Wu

• (Shanghainese)
  • Wiktionary: maan (T3); vaan (T3)
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɑ̃²³/, /v̥ɑ̃²³/

Note:

• 3maan - vernacular;
• 3vaan - literary.

Xiang

• (Changsha)
  • Wiktionary: uan²
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /uan¹³/

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 忘
Mandarin	Beijing	/uɑŋ⁵¹/
	Harbin	/uaŋ⁵³/
	Tianjin	/vɑŋ⁵³/
	Jinan	/vaŋ²¹/
	Qingdao	/vaŋ⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/uaŋ³¹²/
	Xi'an	/uaŋ⁴⁴/
	Xining	/uɔ̃²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/vɑŋ¹³/
	Lanzhou	/vɑ̃¹³/
	Ürümqi	/vɑŋ²¹³/
	Wuhan	/uaŋ²¹³/ /uaŋ³⁵/
	Chengdu	/uaŋ¹³/
	Guiyang	/uaŋ²¹³/
	Kunming	/uã̠²¹²/
	Nanjing	/uaŋ⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/uɑ̃⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/vɒ̃⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/uɑŋ³⁵/ /uə³⁵/ ～下了
	Hohhot	/vɑ̃⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/mɑ̃²³/ /huɑ̃²³/
	Suzhou	/mɑ̃³¹/
	Hangzhou	/mɑŋ¹³/ /vɑŋ¹³/
	Wenzhou	/ɦuɔ³¹/ /muɔ³¹/ /maŋ³¹/
Hui	Shexian	/o²²/ /mɔ²²/
	Tunxi	/mau¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/uan¹³/
	Xiangtan	/uɔn¹²/
Gan	Nanchang	/mɔŋ²¹/ ～記 /uɔŋ²¹/ ～性大
Hakka	Meixian	/moŋ¹¹/
	Taoyuan	/moŋ¹¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/mɔŋ²¹/
	Nanning	/mɔŋ²¹/ /mɔŋ²²/
	Hong Kong	/mɔŋ²¹/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/bɔŋ²²/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/uɔŋ²⁴²/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/uaŋ²¹/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/buaŋ⁵⁵/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/vaŋ³¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: /mʉɐŋ^H/

Rime
Character	忘
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	陽 (106)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	巫放切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/mʉɐŋH/
Pan Wuyun	/mʷiɐŋH/
Shao Rongfen	/miuɑŋH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/muaŋH/
Li Rong	/miuaŋH/
Wang Li	/mĭwaŋH/
Bernard Karlgren	/miwaŋH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	wàng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mong6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*maŋ/, /*maŋ-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*maŋ/, /*maŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	忘	忘
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	wáng	wàng
Middle Chinese	‹ mjang ›	‹ mjangH ›
Old Chinese	/*maŋ/	/*maŋ-s/
English	forget	forget
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	忘	忘
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	12672	12683
Phonetic component	亡	亡
Rime group	陽	陽
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	亡	妄
Old Chinese	/*maŋ/	/*maŋs/

Definitions

忘

1. to forget
2. to neglect
3. to miss; to omit

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 忘記 (“to forget”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		忘, 忽忘
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		忘, 忘記, 忘掉, 忘卻, 忘懷, 遺忘
Mandarin	Beijing	忘
	Taiwan	忘
	Harbin	忘
	Shenyang	忘
	Muping	忘
	Jinan	忘
	Luoyang	忘
	Wanrong	忘
	Xi'an	忘
	Yinchuan	忘, 忘記
	Lanzhou	忘掉
	Xining	忘掉, 忘下
	Ürümqi	忘掉
	Wuhan	忘記
	Chengdu	忘, 忘記, 記不倒
	Guiyang	忘, 忘記
	Kunming	忘記
	Guilin	忘記
	Liuzhou	忘記, 打忘記
	Xuzhou	忘, 忘記
	Yangzhou	忘記, 記不得
	Nanjing	記不得, 忘記, 忘得
	Hefei	忘記, 忘失
	Singapore	忘記
Cantonese	Guangzhou	唔記得, 忘記
	Hong Kong	唔記得
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	唔記得
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	唔記得
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	忘記
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	忘記
	Macau	落記, 唔記得
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	唔記得
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	唔記得
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	唔記得
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	唔記得
	Foshan	唔記得
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	唔記得
	Foshan (Shunde)	落記
	Foshan (Sanshui)	唔記得
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	唔記得
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	落記
	Zhuhai (Qianshan)	唔記得
	Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka)	唔記得
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	唔記得
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	唔記得
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	唔記得
	Taishan	唔記得
	Kaiping (Chikan)	唔記得
	Enping (Niujiang)	唔記緊
	Heshan (Yayao)	唔記得
	Dongguan	唔記得
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	唔記得
	Shaoguan	唔記得
	Yunfu	唔記得
	Yangjiang	無記得
	Xinyi	冇記得
	Lianjiang	冇記得
	Nanning	忘記, 打忘記
	Wuzhou	打忘記, 唔記得
	Yulin	忘記
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	忘記, 冇記倒
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	唔記得
	Singapore (Guangfu)	唔記得, 忘記
Gan	Nanchang	忘記, 不記得
Hakka	Meixian	添忘, 添放, 唔記得
	Xingning	添忘
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	忘記
	Huidong (Daling)	添忘
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	添放, 唔記得
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	添放, 唔記得
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	唔記得
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	忘記
	Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)	忘記
	Conghua (Lütian)	忘記
	Changting	添放, 添忘
	Wuping	添放
	Wuping (Pingyu)	添放
	Liancheng	添放
	Ninghua	拿撇掉
	Yudu	記忘
	Ruijin	唔記得, 來記掉
	Shicheng	來記
	Shangyou	來忘
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	唔記得, 添放
	Pingtung (Neipu, S. Sixian)	唔記得, 添放
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong, Hailu)	唔記得
	Taichung (Dongshi, Dabu)	唔記得
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin, Raoping)	唔記得
	Yunlin (Lunbei, Zhao'an)	唔記得, 添放
	Hong Kong	添忘
	Luchuan (Daqiao)	忘記
	Sabah (Longchuan)	忘記, 唔記得
	Senai (Huiyang)	忘記
	Singkawang	唔記得
Huizhou	Jixi	忘記
Jin	Taiyuan	忘, 忘記
	Xinzhou	忘記
Min Bei	Jian'ou	撈暴, 𣍐記得
Min Dong	Fuzhou	𣍐記
	Fuqing	𣍐記
	Gutian	𣍐記
	Fu'an	𣍐記
	Ningde	𣍐記
	Shouning	𣍐記
	Zhouning	𣍐記
	Fuding	𣍐記
	Matsu	𣍐記
Min Nan	Xiamen	𣍐記得, 𣍐記
	Quanzhou	𣍐記得, 𣍐記
	Anxi	𣍐記
	Zhangzhou	𣍐記
	Pinghe	𣍐記
	Zhao'an	𣍐記得
	Taipei	𣍐記得 GT, 𣍐記 GT
	Tainan	𣍐記得
	Penang (Hokkien)	𣍐記
	Singapore (Hokkien)	𣍐記
	Manila (Hokkien)	𣍐記得
	Chaozhou	唔記得, 忘記
	Shantou (Chaoyang)	唔記得
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	唔記得
	Singapore (Teochew)	𣍐記
	Leizhou	無記著
	Haikou	無記著, 無憶著
Puxian Min	Putian	𣍐記
	Xianyou	𣍐記
Zhongshan Min	Shaxi (Longdu)	唔記得
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	打忘記
Northern Pinghua	Guilin (Dahe)	忘記
Wu	Shanghai	忘記
	Shanghai (Chongming)	忘記
	Suzhou	忘記
	Danyang	忘記, 忘煞
	Hangzhou	忘記
	Wenzhou	慲記
	Jinhua	忘記
Xiang	Changsha	不記得, 忘記
	Shuangfeng	不記得, 忘記
	Quanzhou	忘記
Note	GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)

Compounds

Derived terms from 忘

• 一字不忘
• 不忘本
• 不忘溝壑／不忘沟壑
• 丟三忘四／丢三忘四
• 健忘 (jiànwàng)
• 健忘症 (jiànwàngzhèng)
• 備忘錄／备忘录 (bèiwànglù)
• 公爾忘私／公尔忘私
• 公而忘私
• 公耳忘私
• 勿忘草 (wùwàngcǎo)
• 國爾忘家／国尔忘家
• 坐忘
• 太上忘情
• 好利忘義／好利忘义 (hàolì wàng yì)
• 安不忘危 (ānbùwàngwēi)
• 廢寢忘食／废寝忘食 (fèiqǐnwàngshí)
• 廢寢忘餐／废寝忘餐
• 廢食忘寢／废食忘寝
• 徇公忘己
• 徇國忘家／徇国忘家
• 徇國忘己／徇国忘己
• 徇國忘身／徇国忘身
• 得意忘形 (déyìwàngxíng)
• 得意忘言
• 得意忘象
• 得新忘舊／得新忘旧
• 得魚忘筌／得鱼忘筌
• 徙宅忘妻
• 心身俱忘
• 忘八
• 忘八羔子
• 忘其所以
• 忘卻／忘却 (wàngquè)
• 忘寢廢食／忘寝废食
• 忘年 (wàngnián)
• 忘年之交 (wàngniánzhījiāo)
• 忘年之契
• 忘年之好
• 忘年交 (wàngniánjiāo)
• 忘形 (wàngxíng)
• 忘形之交
• 忘形之契

• 忘形交
• 忘性 (wàngxìng)
• 忘恩失義／忘恩失义
• 忘恩背義／忘恩背义
• 忘恩負義／忘恩负义 (wàng'ēnfùyì)
• 忘情 (wàngqíng)
• 忘憂／忘忧 (wàngyōu)
• 忘憂物／忘忧物
• 忘憂草／忘忧草 (wàngyōucǎo)
• 忘懷／忘怀 (wànghuái)
• 忘我 (wàngwǒ)
• 忘戰必危／忘战必危
• 忘戰者危／忘战者危
• 忘掉 (wàngdiào)
• 忘本 (wàngběn)
• 忘機／忘机
• 忘生捨死／忘生舍死
• 忘舊／忘旧
• 忘言
• 忘記／忘记 (wàngjì)
• 忘象得意
• 忘食 (wàngshí)
• 忘餐失寢／忘餐失寝
• 忘餐廢寢／忘餐废寝
• 忘魂
• 念念不忘 (niànniànbùwàng)
• 憂公忘私／忧公忘私
• 憂國忘家／忧国忘家
• 憂國忘私／忧国忘私
• 憂國忘身／忧国忘身
• 戀新忘舊／恋新忘旧
• 捨死忘生／舍死忘生
• 捨生忘死／舍生忘死
• 數典忘祖／数典忘祖 (shǔdiǎnwàngzǔ)
• 日旰忘食
• 日昃忘食
• 明忘八
• 時刻不忘／时刻不忘
• 柯爛忘歸／柯烂忘归
• 樂以忘憂／乐以忘忧
• 樂極忘形／乐极忘形
• 樂而忘憂／乐而忘忧
• 樂而忘歸／乐而忘归

• 樂而忘返／乐而忘返
• 殉義忘生／殉义忘生
• 殉義忘身／殉义忘身
• 毋忘在莒 (wúwàngzàijǔ)
• 每飯不忘／每饭不忘
• 永生難忘／永生难忘
• 永誌不忘／永志不忘 (yǒngzhìbùwàng)
• 沒世不忘／没世不忘
• 沒世難忘／没世难忘
• 沒身不忘／没身不忘
• 沒齒不忘／没齿不忘
• 沒齒難忘／没齿难忘
• 流宕忘反
• 流蕩忘反／流荡忘反
• 流連忘返／流连忘返 (liúliánwàngfǎn)
• 消日忘年
• 淡忘 (dànwàng)
• 渾然忘我／浑然忘我
• 理不忘亂／理不忘乱
• 留連忘返／留连忘返
• 畢生難忘／毕生难忘 (bìshēngnánwàng)
• 痿不忘起
• 瘡好忘痛／疮好忘痛
• 發憤忘食／发愤忘食 (fāfènwàngshí)
• 盛不忘衰
• 知安忘危
• 老忘渾／老忘浑
• 老混忘
• 聞韶忘味／闻韶忘味
• 背信忘義／背信忘义
• 背恩忘義／背恩忘义
• 蓍簪不忘
• 見利忘義／见利忘义 (jiànlìwàngyì)
• 見色忘友／见色忘友
• 誌之不忘／志之不忘
• 負義忘恩／负义忘恩
• 貴人多忘／贵人多忘
• 過目不忘／过目不忘
• 遺忘／遗忘 (yíwàng)
• 遺忘症／遗忘症
• 難忘／难忘 (nánwàng)
• 鷗鳥忘機／鸥鸟忘机
• 鷗鷺忘機／鸥鹭忘机

References

• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A01309
• “忘”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

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Japanese

Kanji

忘

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. forget

Readings

• Go-on: もう (mō)^{←まう (mau, historical)}
• Kan-on: ぼう (bō, Jōyō)^{←ばう (bau, historical)}
• Kun: わすれる (wasureru, 忘れる, Jōyō)

Compounds

Compounds

• 忘(ぼう)年(ねん)会(かい) (bōnenkai)
• 忘(ぼう)却(きゃく) (bōkyaku)
• 健(けん)忘(ぼう)症(しょう) (kenbōshō)

• 備(び)忘(ぼう) (bibō)
• 忘(ぼう)我(が) (bōga)

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Korean

Hanja

忘 • (mang) (hangeul 망)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

忘: Hán Nôm readings: vong

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.