怕
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Translingual
[edit]Stroke order | |||
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Han character
[edit]怕 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 心竹日 (PHA), four-corner 96000, composition ⿰忄白)
Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 380, character 16
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10448
- Dae Jaweon: page 708, character 16
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2287, character 1
- Unihan data for U+6015
Chinese
[edit]simp. and trad. |
怕 |
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Glyph origin
[edit]Old Chinese | |
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怕 | *pʰraːɡs, *pʰraːɡ |
帕 | *pʰraːɡs, *mbraːd |
粕 | *pʰaːɡ, *pʰraːɡ |
胉 | *pʰaːɡ |
泊 | *baːɡ |
箔 | *baːɡ |
魄 | *tʰaːɡ, *pʰraːɡ |
皕 | *prɯɡ |
伯 | *praːɡ |
百 | *praːɡ |
迫 | *praːɡ |
敀 | *praːɡ, *pʰraːɡ |
柏 | *praːɡ |
湐 | *praːɡ |
拍 | *pʰraːɡ |
珀 | *pʰraːɡ |
皛 | *pʰraːɡ, *ɡeːwʔ |
洦 | *mpʰraːɡ, *mbraːɡ |
白 | *braːɡ |
帛 | *braːɡ |
舶 | *braːɡ |
鮊 | *braːɡ |
陌 | *mbraːɡ |
帞 | *mbraːɡ |
袹 | *mbraːɡ |
蛨 | *mbraːɡ |
貊 | *mbraːɡ |
佰 | *mbraːɡ |
銆 | *mbraːɡ |
碧 | *praɡ, *preɡ |
咟 | *ɦmreːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *pʰraːɡs, *pʰraːɡ) : semantic 心 (“heart”) + phonetic 白 (OC *braːɡ).
Etymology 1
[edit]Cognate with 怖 (OC *pʰaːs) (Wang, 1982; Schuessler, 2007). Compare Proto-Kuki-Chin *phoo(k/ŋ) (“to startle; to alarm; to wake up”), whence Mizo phâwk (“to startle; to frighten”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007). Also compare Proto-Monic *phiic (“to be afraid”), whence Mon ဖေက် (“to fear”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): pa4
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): па (pa, III)
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): pa3
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): pa3
- Northern Min (KCR): pa̿
- Eastern Min (BUC): pá
- Southern Min
- Wu (Northern, Wugniu): 5pho
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): pa4
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄆㄚˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: pà
- Wade–Giles: pʻa4
- Yale: pà
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pah
- Palladius: па (pa)
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰä⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: pa4
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: pa
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰa²¹³/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: па (pa, III)
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰa⁴⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: paa3
- Yale: pa
- Cantonese Pinyin: paa3
- Guangdong Romanization: pa3
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰaː³³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: pa1
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰa³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: pa3
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰa²¹³/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pha
- Hakka Romanization System: pa
- Hagfa Pinyim: pa4
- Sinological IPA: /pʰa⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: pa3
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /pʰa⁴⁵/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: pa̿
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰa³³/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: pá
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰɑ²¹³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: pa4
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰa̠⁴⁵/
- (Changsha)
- Middle Chinese: phaeH
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*pʰraːɡs/
Definitions
[edit]怕
- to fear; to be afraid of; to dread
- to worry; to be concerned
- to be unable to withstand
- perhaps; supposedly; fearfully; I'm afraid that
- (Northern Wu) ugly
- a surname
Synonyms
[edit]- (to fear):
- (to worry):
- 急 (jí)
- 急眼 (jíyǎn) (colloquial)
- 恐怕 (kǒngpà)
- 患 (huàn) (literary, or in compounds)
- 愁 (chóu)
- 憂心/忧心 (yōuxīn)
- 憂慮/忧虑 (yōulǜ)
- 懸心/悬心 (xuánxīn)
- 掛心/挂心 (guàxīn)
- 掛礙/挂碍 (guà'ài)
- 揪心 (jiūxīn)
- 擔心/担心 (dānxīn)
- 擔憂/担忧 (dānyōu)
- 燒心/烧心 (shāoxīn) (regional or dated)
- 犯愁 (fànchóu)
- 疑慮/疑虑 (yílǜ)
- 發急/发急 (fājí)
- 發愁/发愁 (fāchóu)
- 發極/发极 (7faq 8jiq) (Wu)
- 著急/着急 (zháojí)
- 起急 (qǐjí) (colloquial)
- 顧慮/顾虑 (gùlǜ)
- (ugly):
Compounds
[edit]- 不怕 (bùpà)
- 不怕臊
- 受怕擔憂/受怕担忧
- 只怕 (zhǐpà)
- 可怕 (kěpà)
- 哪怕 (nǎpà)
- 嚇怕/吓怕
- 害怕 (hàipà)
- 後怕/后怕 (hòupà)
- 心驚膽怕/心惊胆怕
- 怕三怕四
- 怕不 (pàbù)
- 怕不大
- 怕不待
- 怕不是
- 怕不道
- 怕事 (pàshì)
- 怕人 (pàrén)
- 怕人子
- 怕人設設/怕人设设
- 怕勢勢/怕势势
- 怕怕 (pàpà)
- 怕怖
- 怕懼/怕惧 (pàjù)
- 怕敢
- 怕是 (pàshì)
- 怕死貪生/怕死贪生
- 怕生 (pàshēng)
- 怕硬欺軟/怕硬欺软
- 怕羞 (pàxiū)
- 怕臊 (pàsào)
- 怕道
- 怕長怕短/怕长怕短
- 恐怕 (kǒngpà)
- 懼怕/惧怕 (jùpà)
- 拈輕怕重/拈轻怕重 (niānqīngpàzhòng)
- 擔驚受怕/担惊受怕 (dānjīngshòupà)
- 敢怕
- 欺善怕惡/欺善怕恶 (qīshànpà'è)
- 欺軟怕硬/欺软怕硬 (qīruǎnpàyìng)
- 深怕 (shēnpà)
- 生怕 (shēngpà)
- 耽驚受怕/耽惊受怕
- 貪生怕死/贪生怕死 (tānshēngpàsǐ)
- 那怕 (nǎpà)
- 駭怕/骇怕 (hàipà)
- 驚怕/惊怕
- 鬼怕惡人/鬼怕恶人
Etymology 2
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄅㄛˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: bó
- Wade–Giles: po2
- Yale: bwó
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bor
- Palladius: бо (bo)
- Sinological IPA (key): /pu̯ɔ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Middle Chinese: phaek
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*pʰraːɡ/
Definitions
[edit]怕
- (literary) Alternative form of 泊 (“indifferent to fame or gain”)
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]怕
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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.
Readings
[edit]Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]怕 (eumhun 두려워할 파 (duryeowohal pa))
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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.
怕 (eumhun 담담할 백 (damdamhal baek))
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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.
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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.
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