恃

恃 U+6043, 恃 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6043 ← 恂 [U+6042] CJK Unified Ideographs 恄 → [U+6044]

Translingual

Han character

恃 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+6, 9 strokes, Cangjie input 心土木戈 (PGDI), four-corner 9404₁, composition ⿰忄寺)

Derived characters

• 𬾸

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 383, character 19
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10521
• Dae Jaweon: page 713, character 10
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2293, character 15
• Unihan data for U+6043

Chinese

trad.		恃
simp. #		恃

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 恃
Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (寺) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
等	*tɯːʔ, *tɯːŋʔ
待	*dɯːʔ
寺	*ljɯs
持	*l'ɯ
峙	*dɯʔ
痔	*dɯʔ
跱	*dɯʔ
歭	*dɯʔ
洔	*dɯʔ, *tjɯʔ
畤	*dɯʔ, *tjɯʔ, *djɯʔ
秲	*dɯʔ, *djɯs
庤	*dɯʔ
時	*djɯ
鰣	*djɯ
塒	*djɯ
蒔	*djɯ, *djɯs
榯	*djɯ
恃	*djɯʔ
侍	*djɯs
詩	*hljɯ
邿	*hljɯ
特	*dɯːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *djɯʔ): semantic 心 (“heart”) + phonetic 寺 (OC *ljɯs)

Etymology

“mother”

See 怙恃 (hùshì).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): shì (shi⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄕˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ci⁵ / si⁵
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): sṳ

  (Hailu, HRS): shi^˖

• Eastern Min (BUC): sê
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): si⁵
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): sī

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shì
    • Zhuyin: ㄕˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shìh
    • Wade–Giles: shih⁴
    • Yale: shr̀
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyh
    • Palladius: ши (ši)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂɻ̩⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: ci⁵ / si⁵
    • Yale: chíh / síh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsi⁵ / si⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: qi⁵ / xi⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰiː¹³/, /siː¹³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ
    • Hakka Romanization System: sii
    • Hagfa Pinyim: si⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /sɨ⁵⁵/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: shi^˖
    • Sinological IPA: /ʃi³³/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: sê
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɛi²⁴²/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: si⁵
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: sī
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬi¹¹/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: si⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬi²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sī
    • Tâi-lô: sī
    • Phofsit Daibuun: si
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /si⁴¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /si²²/

---

• Middle Chinese: dzyiX

Rime
Character	恃
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	常 (25)
Final (韻)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	時止切
Baxter	dzyiX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʑɨX/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡ʑɨX/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʑieX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡ʑɨX/
Li Rong	/ʑiəX/
Wang Li	/ʑĭəX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʑiX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	si6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[d]əʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*djɯʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	恃
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shì
Middle Chinese	‹ dzyiX ›
Old Chinese	/*[d]əʔ/
English	depend on
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	恃
Reading #	1/1
No.	12047
Phonetic component	寺
Rime group	之
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	市
Old Chinese	/*djɯʔ/

Definitions

恃

1. rely on, presume on, trust to
2. (Classical) mother

Compounds

• 仗恃 (zhàngshì)
• 倚恃 (yǐshì)
• 倚恃毋得
• 可恃 (kěshì)
• 失恃 (shīshì)
• 居功自恃
• 怙恃 (hùshì)
• 恃勢凌人
• 恃夠夠 / 恃够够
• 恃寵而驕 / 恃宠而骄 (shì chǒng ér jiāo)
• 恃強凌弱 (shìqiánglíngruò)
• 恃強欺弱 / 恃强欺弱
• 恃愛 / 恃爱
• 恃才傲物
• 恃才矜己
• 恃才自專 / 恃才自专
• 恃架架
• 憑恃 / 凭恃 (píngshì)
• 有恃無恐 / 有恃无恐 (yǒushìwúkǒng)
• 無恃 / 无恃
• 矜功恃寵 / 矜功恃宠
• 自恃 (zìshì)
• 虛憍恃氣 / 虚㤭恃气

References

• “恃”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “恃”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 211.

Japanese

Kanji

恃

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: じ (ji)
• Kan-on: し (shi)
• Kun: たのむ (tanomu, 恃む)

Korean

Hanja

恃 (eum 시 (si))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

恃: Hán Nôm readings: thị

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation