恆

See also: 恒

恆 U+6046, 恆 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6046 ← 恅 [U+6045] CJK Unified Ideographs 恇 → [U+6047]

Translingual

Han character

恆 (radical 61, 心+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 心一月一 (PMBM), four-corner 9101₇, composition ⿰忄亙)

References

• KangXi: page 383, character 25
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10528
• Dae Jaweon: page 714, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2294, character 16
• Unihan data for U+6046

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Chinese

trad.		恆/恒
simp.		恒

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (亙) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
搄	*kɯːŋ, *kɯːŋs
縆	*kɯːŋ, *kɯːŋs
絙	*ɡoːn, *kɯːŋ
亙	*kɯːŋs
堩	*kɯːŋs
恆	*ɡɯːŋ
峘	*ɡoːn, *ɡɯːŋ

Ideogrammic compound (會意): 心 (“heart”) + 亙 (“partial moon”). In Small Seal Script, the 月 in 亙 became 舟.

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): héng (heng²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄥˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): hang⁴, gang³
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): hèn
• Min Bei (KCR): ǎing
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): ân / hn̂g / hêng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): hêng⁵ / huêng⁵ / sion⁵

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: héng
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄥˊ
    • Wade–Giles: hêng2
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: herng
    • Tongyong Pinyin: héng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xɤŋ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: hang⁴, gang³
    • Yale: hàhng, gang
    • Cantonese Pinyin: hang⁴, gang³
    • Guangdong Romanization: heng⁴, geng³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɐŋ²¹/, /kɐŋ³³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hèn
    • Hakka Romanization System: henˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: hen²
    • Sinological IPA: /hen¹¹/
• Min Bei
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ǎing
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /aiŋ²¹/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ân
    • Tâi-lô: ân
    • Phofsit Daibuun: aan
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /an²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hn̂g
    • Tâi-lô: hn̂g
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hngg
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /hŋ̍²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hêng
    • Tâi-lô: hîng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: heeng
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /hiɪŋ²³/
    • IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /hiɪŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiɪŋ¹³/

Note:

• ân - vernacular;
• hn̂g/hêng - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: hêng⁵ / huêng⁵ / sion⁵
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hêng / huêng / siôⁿ
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /heŋ⁵⁵/, /hueŋ⁵⁵/, /sĩõ⁵⁵/

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 恆
Mandarin	Beijing	/xəŋ³⁵/
	Harbin	/xəŋ²⁴/
	Tianjin	/xəŋ⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/xəŋ⁴²/
	Qingdao	/xəŋ²⁴/
	Zhengzhou	/xəŋ⁴²/
	Xi'an	/xəŋ²⁴/
	Xining	/xə̃²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/xəŋ⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/xə̃n⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/xɤŋ⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/xən²¹³/
	Chengdu	/xən³¹/
	Guiyang	/xen²¹/
	Kunming	/xə̃³¹/
	Nanjing	/xən²⁴/
	Hefei	/xən⁵⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/xəŋ¹¹/
	Pingyao	/xəŋ¹³/
	Hohhot	/xə̃ŋ³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/ɦəŋ²³/
	Suzhou	/ɦən¹³/
	Hangzhou	/ɦen²¹³/
	Wenzhou	/ɦaŋ³¹/
Hui	Shexian	/xʌ̃⁴⁴/
	Tunxi
Xiang	Changsha	/xən¹³/
	Xiangtan	/ɦən¹²/
Gan	Nanchang	/hɛn²⁴/
Hakka	Meixian	/hen¹¹/
	Taoyuan	/hen¹¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/hɐŋ²¹/
	Nanning	/hɐŋ²¹/
	Hong Kong	/hɐŋ²¹/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/hiŋ³⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/hɛiŋ⁵³/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/aiŋ²¹/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/heŋ⁵⁵/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/hɔŋ³¹/ /aŋ³¹/

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• Middle Chinese: /ɦəŋ/

Rime
Character	恆
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	登 (129)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	胡登切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦəŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦəŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣəŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦəŋ/
Li Rong	/ɣəŋ/
Wang Li	/ɣəŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣəŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	héng

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ˤəŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡɯːŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	恆
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	héng
Middle Chinese	‹ hong ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ]ˁəŋ/
English	constant
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	恆
Reading #	1/1
No.	5126
Phonetic component	亙
Rime group	蒸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	恒
Old Chinese	/*ɡɯːŋ/

Definitions

恆

1. constant; regular; persistent
2. 32nd hexagram of the I Ching

Compounds

• 伯利恆／伯利恒 (Bólìhéng)
• 恆久／恒久 (héngjiǔ)
• 恆久不渝／恒久不渝
• 恆例／恒例 (hénglì)
• 恆士／恒士
• 恆定／恒定
• 恆山／恒山 (Héng Shān)
• 恆常／恒常 (héngcháng)
• 恆心／恒心 (héngxīn)
• 恆情／恒情
• 恆星／恒星 (héngxīng)
• 恆星年／恒星年 (héngxīngnián)
• 恆星日／恒星日
• 恆星月／恒星月
• 恆星系／恒星系 (héngxīngxì)

• 恆星週期／恒星周期
• 恆春／恒春 (Héngchūn)
• 恆春半島／恒春半岛 (Héngchūn Bàndǎo)
• 恆春鎮／恒春镇
• 恆河／恒河 (Héng Hé)
• 恆河平原／恒河平原
• 恆河沙／恒河沙 (hénghéshā)
• 恆河沙數／恒河沙数 (hénghéshāshù)
• 恆溫／恒温 (héngwēn)
• 恆溫動物／恒温动物
• 恆溫層／恒温层
• 恆產／恒产 (héngchǎn)
• 恆等式／恒等式 (héngděngshì)
• 恆若不足／恒若不足

• 恆言／恒言
• 恆言錄／恒言录
• 恆量／恒量
• 恆風／恒风
• 恆齒／恒齿
• 持之以恆／持之以恒 (chízhīyǐhéng)
• 日升月恆／日升月恒
• 日月升恆／日月升恒
• 有恆／有恒 (yǒuhéng)
• 永恆／永恒 (yǒnghéng)
• 無恆／无恒
• 逾恆／逾恒
• 酣歌恆舞／酣歌恒舞
• 醒世恆言／醒世恒言 (Xǐngshì Héngyán)

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gèng (geng⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄥˋ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: gèng
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄥˋ
    • Wade–Giles: kêng4
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: genq
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gèng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɤŋ⁵¹/

Definitions

恆

1. ^† (of moon) to be in the first quarter
2. ^† to extend everywhere

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Japanese

Shinjitai	恒
Kyūjitai	恆

Kanji

恆

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 恒)

1. always, constant

Readings

• Go-on: ごう (gō)
• Kan-on: こう (kō)
• Kun: つね (tsune, 恆)
• Nanori: わたる (wataru); のぶ (nobu); ひさ (hisa); ひさし (hisashi)

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Korean

Hanja

恆 • (hang) (hangeul 항, revised hang, McCune–Reischauer hang, Yale hang)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

恆 (hằng)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.