恐怖

Chinese

		afraid; frightened; to fear	terror; terrified; afraid terror; terrified; afraid; frightened
trad. (恐怖)		恐	怖
simp. #(恐怖)		恐	怖

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): kǒngbù

  (Zhuyin): ㄎㄨㄥˇ ㄅㄨˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): hung² bou³

• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khiúng-pu
• Eastern Min (BUC): kṳ̄ng-buó
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): khióng-pò͘

  (Teochew, Peng'im): kiong² bu³

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵khon-pu

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: kǒngbù
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄥˇ ㄅㄨˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: kǒngbù
    • Wade–Giles: kʻung³-pu⁴
    • Yale: kǔng-bù
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: koongbuh
    • Palladius: кунбу (kunbu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ pu⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: hung² bou³
    • Yale: húng bou
    • Cantonese Pinyin: hung² bou³
    • Guangdong Romanization: hung² bou³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hʊŋ³⁵ pou̯³³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khiúng-pu
    • Hakka Romanization System: kiung^ˋ bu
    • Hagfa Pinyim: kiung³ bu⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯uŋ³¹ pu⁵⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: kṳ̄ng-buó
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰyŋ³³⁻⁵⁵ ^(p-)muɔ²¹³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khióng-pò͘
    • Tâi-lô: khióng-pòo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qiofngpox
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /kʰiɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pɔ²¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰiɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ pɔ⁴¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰiɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pɔ²¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei): /kʰiɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ pɔ¹¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰiɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ pɔ²¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: kiong² bu³
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khióng pù
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰioŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ pu²¹³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁵khon-pu
    • MiniDict: khon^去 pu
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²khon-pu
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kʰoŋ³³ pu⁴⁴/

Adjective

恐怖

1. terrifying; dreadful; horrific; frightening
2. afraid; fearful

   • 若三千大千國土。滿中怨賊。有一商主。將諸商人。齎持重寶。經過險路。其中一人作是唱言。諸善男子。勿得恐怖。汝等應當一心稱觀世音菩薩名號。是菩薩能以無畏。施於眾生。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     若三千大千国土。满中怨贼。有一商主。将诸商人。赍持重宝。经过险路。其中一人作是唱言。诸善男子。勿得恐怖。汝等应当一心称观世音菩萨名号。是菩萨能以无畏。施于众生。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Lotus Sūtra, translated by Kumārajīva circa 5^th century CE

     Ruò sānqiāndàqiān guótǔ. Mǎn zhōng yuàn zéi. Yǒu yī shāng zhǔ. Jiāng zhū shāngrén. Jī chí zhòng bǎo. Jīng guò xiǎn lù. Qízhōng yīrén zuò shì chàng yán. Zhū shàn nánzǐ. Wù dé kǒngbù. Rǔ děng yìngdāng yīxīn chēng Guānshìyīnpúsà mínghào. Shì púsà néng yǐ wúwèi. Shī yú zhòngshēng. [Pinyin]

     “Suppose, in a place filled with all the evil-hearted bandits of the major world system, there is a merchant leader who is guiding a band of merchants carrying valuable treasures over a steep and dangerous road, and that one man among them shouts out these words: ‘Good men, do not be afraid! You must single-mindedly call on the name of Bodhisattva Perceiver of the World’s Sounds. This bodhisattva can grant fearlessness to living beings.”

Synonyms

• 可怕 (kěpà)
• 怕人 (pàrén)
• 嚇人／吓人 (xiàrén)
• (literary) 可怖 (kěbù)
• (Hokkien) 驚人／惊人 (jīngrén)
• (Xiang) 吸人

Noun

恐怖

1. terror; dread; horror
2. horror (film genre)
3. terrorism

   恐怖行為／恐怖行为  ―  kǒngbù xíngwéi  ―  act of terrorism

Derived terms

• 恐怖主義 / 恐怖主义 (kǒngbùzhǔyì)
• 恐怖分子 (kǒngbùfènzǐ)
• 恐怖片
• 恐怖片兒 / 恐怖片儿
• 恐怖症 (kǒngbùzhèng)
• 恐怖組織 / 恐怖组织 (kǒngbù zǔzhī)
• 恐怖襲擊 / 恐怖袭击 (kǒngbù xíjī)
• 恐怖谷 (kǒngbùgǔ)
• 恐怖電影 / 恐怖电影 (kǒngbù diànyǐng)
• 暴恐 (bàokǒng)
• 白色恐怖 (báisè kǒngbù)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (恐怖):

• → Japanese: 恐怖(きょうふ) (kyōfu)
• → Korean: 공포(恐怖) (gongpo)
• → Vietnamese: khủng bố (恐怖)

See also

• 恐懼／恐惧 (kǒngjù)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
恐	怖
きょう Grade: S	ふ Grade: S
on'yomi

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) きょーふ [kyóꜜòfù] (Atamadaka – [1])
• (Tokyo) きょーふ [kyòófú] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [kʲo̞ːɸɯ̟]

Noun

恐(きょう)怖(ふ) • (kyōfu) 

1. fear; horror; dread
   • 2015, バットマン アーカム・ナイト [Batman: Arkham Knight], spoken by Scarecrow (Kosuke Takaguchi), Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment, via Rocksteady Studios:

     恐(きょう)怖(ふ)のない人(じん)生(せい)など　無(む)意(い)味(み)だ

     Kyōfu no nai jinsei nado muimi da

     Without fear, life is meaningless

   • 2008, [BLAZBLUE](ブレイブルー) CALAMITY TRIGGER [BlazBlue: Calamity Trigger], spoken by Ragna the Bloodedge (Tomokazu Sugita), via Arc System Works:

     見(み)せてやるよ…蒼(あお)の力(ちから)を！恐(きょう)怖(ふ)を教(おし)えてやる。地(じ)獄(ごく)はねぇよ、あるのは無(む)だけだ。これが、闇(やみ)の力(ちから)だ。

     Misete yaru yo… Ao no chikara o! Kyōfu o oshiete yaru. Jigoku wa nē yo, aru no wa mu dake da. Kore ga, yami no chikara da.

     I’ll show you… the power of the Azure! I’ll show you fear. There is no hell, only nothingness. This, is the power of darkness.

Derived terms

• 恐(きょう)怖(ふ)症(しょう) (kyōfushō)

Verb

恐(きょう)怖(ふ)する • (kyōfu suru) transitive or intransitive suru (stem 恐(きょう)怖(ふ)し (kyōfu shi), past 恐(きょう)怖(ふ)した (kyōfu shita))

1. to dread; to fear

Conjugation

Conjugation of "恐怖する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	恐怖し	きょうふし	kyōfu shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	恐怖し	きょうふし	kyōfu shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	恐怖する	きょうふする	kyōfu suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	恐怖する	きょうふする	kyōfu suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	恐怖すれ	きょうふすれ	kyōfu sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	恐怖せよ¹ 恐怖しろ²	きょうふせよ¹ きょうふしろ²	kyōfu seyo¹ kyōfu shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	恐怖される	きょうふされる	kyōfu sareru
Causative	恐怖させる 恐怖さす	きょうふさせる きょうふさす	kyōfu saseru kyōfu sasu
Potential	恐怖できる	きょうふできる	kyōfu dekiru
Volitional	恐怖しよう	きょうふしよう	kyōfu shiyō
Negative	恐怖しない	きょうふしない	kyōfu shinai
Negative continuative	恐怖せず	きょうふせず	kyōfu sezu
Formal	恐怖します	きょうふします	kyōfu shimasu
Perfective	恐怖した	きょうふした	kyōfu shita
Conjunctive	恐怖して	きょうふして	kyōfu shite
Hypothetical conditional	恐怖すれば	きょうふすれば	kyōfu sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

References

• “恐怖”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Hanja in this term
恐	怖

Noun

恐怖 • (gongpo) (hangeul 공포)

1. hanja form^? of 공포 (“horror”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
恐	怖

Verb

恐怖

1. chữ Hán form of khủng bố (“to terrorize”)