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恩

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 思
恩 U+6069, 恩
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6069
← 恨
[U+6068] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 恪 →
[U+606A]

Translingual

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Han character

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恩 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+6, 10 strokes, Cangjie input 田大心 (WKP), four-corner 60330, composition ⿱因心)

Derived characters

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Additional Derived Characters

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 385, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10591
  • Dae Jaweon: page 716, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2290, character 18
  • Unihan data for U+6069

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 恩
alternative forms 㤙

Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (因) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
欭 *qrils
烟 *qiːn, *qin
胭 *qiːn
咽 *qiːn, *qiːns, *qiːd
恩 *qɯːn
煾 *qɯːn
因 *qin
姻 *qin
茵 *qin
鞇 *qin
氤 *qin
洇 *qin
駰 *qin, *qrin
絪 *qin
裀 *qin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *qɯːn): phonetic 因 (OC *qin) + semantic 心 (“heart”).

Etymology

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This word escaped from regular sound changes during its evolution to the modern pronunciation jan1 in Cantonese. The expected reading is an1. However, that phoneme does not exist in Cantonese. Words in Cantonese with the expected reading of an1 instead surface as jan1.

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • ng1 - Chaozhou;
  • eng1 - Shantou, Chenghai, Raoping;
  • êng1 - Jieyang;
  • ing1 - Chaoyang, Puning, Huilai.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 恩
Mandarin Beijing /ən⁵⁵/
Harbin /ən⁴⁴/
/nən⁴⁴/
Tianjin /nən²¹/
Jinan /ŋẽ²¹³/
Qingdao /ɣə̃²¹³/
Zhengzhou /ən²⁴/
Xi'an /ŋẽ²¹/
Xining /nə̃⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /əŋ⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /ə̃n³¹/
Ürümqi /ɤŋ⁴⁴/
Wuhan /ŋən⁵⁵/
Chengdu /ŋən⁵⁵/
Guiyang /ŋen⁵⁵/
/en⁵⁵/ 新
Kunming /ə̃⁴⁴/
Nanjing /ən³¹/
Hefei /ʐən²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /ɣəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /ŋəŋ¹³/
Hohhot /ŋə̃ŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /əŋ⁵³/
Suzhou /ən⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /ʔen³³/
Wenzhou /ø³³/
Hui Shexian /ŋʌ̃³¹/
Tunxi /ŋɛ¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /ŋən³³/
Xiangtan /ŋən³³/
Gan Nanchang /ŋiɛn⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /en⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /en²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /jɐn⁵³/
Nanning /ɐn⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /jɐn⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /un⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /ouŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /aiŋ⁵⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /ɯŋ³³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /un²³/
Rime
Character 恩
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 影 (34)
Final (韻) 痕 (53)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 烏痕切
Baxter 'on
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ʔən/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʔən/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ʔən/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʔən/
Li
Rong 		/ʔən/
Wang
Li 		/ən/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ʔən/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		ēn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		an1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 恩
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		ēn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ʔon ›
Old
Chinese 		/*ʔˁə[n]/
English kindness, favor

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 恩
Reading # 1/1
No. 15174
Phonetic
component 		因
Rime
group 		文
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		恩
Old
Chinese 		/*qɯːn/

Definitions

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恩

  1. kindness; mercy; charity
  2. affection
  3. (attributive) gracious; merciful
    恩主  ―  ēnzhǔ  ―  gracious Lord
  4. a surname, En
  5. (Mainland China) short for 恩格斯 (Ēngésī, “Engels”)

Synonyms

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  • (kindness):
  • (affection):

Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (恩):
  • → Japanese: 恩(おん) (on)
  • → Korean: 은(恩) (eun)
  • → Vietnamese: ân (恩)

Others:

  • → Vietnamese: ơn

References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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恩

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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  • Go-on: おん (on, Jōyō)
  • Kan-on: おん (on, Jōyō)
  • Kun: めぐみ (megumi, 恩み)

Compounds

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Pronunciation

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Kanji in this term
恩
おん
Grade: 6
on'yomi

Noun

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恩(おん) • (on) 

  1. obligation

Derived terms

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References

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  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

恩 (eumhun 은혜 은 (eunhye eun))

  1. hanja form? of 은 (“favor”)
  2. hanja form? of 은 (“grace”)
  3. hanja form? of 은 (“mercy”)

Compounds

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Vietnamese

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Han character

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恩: Hán Việt readings: ân[1][2][3]
恩: Nôm readings: ơn[1][2][3][4][5], ân[1][2][5]

  1. chữ Hán form of ân, ơn (“favor; grace”)

Compounds

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References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Trần (2004).
  4. ^ Hồ (1976).
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).

Zhuang

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Classifier

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恩

  1. Sawndip form of aen
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