悅

See also: 悦 and 恱

悅 U+6085, 悅 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6085 ← 悄 [U+6084] CJK Unified Ideographs 悆 → [U+6086]

Translingual

Han character

悅 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 心金口山 (PCRU), four-corner 9801₆, composition ⿰忄兌)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 386, character 26
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10629
• Dae Jaweon: page 718, character 26
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): not present, would follow volume 4, page 2306, character 15
• Unihan data for U+6085

Chinese

trad.		悅/悦
simp.		悦
alternative forms		恱 說／说 兌／兑

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (兌) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
毤	*l̥ʰoːds
蛻	*l'oːds, *l̥ʰoːds, *hljods, *lod, *lod
娧	*l̥ʰoːds, *lod
駾	*l̥ʰoːds
裞	*l̥ʰoːds, *hljods
兌	*l'oːds
綐	*l'oːds
銳	*l'oːds, *lods
帨	*stʰods, *hljods
稅	*hljods
說	*hljods, *hljod, *lod
涚	*hljods
䫄	*rtʰoːd
脫	*l̥ʰoːd, *l'oːd
侻	*l̥ʰoːd
挩	*l̥ʰoːd, *l'oːd
莌	*l̥ʰoːd, *l'oːd
梲	*l̥ʰoːd, *ʔljod, *l̥ʰuːd
鮵	*l'oːd
敓	*l'oːd
痥	*l'oːd
悅	*lod, *lod
閱	*lod

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *lod, *lod) : semantic 忄 (“heart”) + phonetic 兌 (OC *l'oːds).

Often written as 說 in pre-Qin texts.

Etymology

STEDT compares it to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/s-lwat (“free; release; slip; dislocate”). Cognate with 愉 (OC *lo, “happy; pleased”), 說 (OC *hljods, “to speak; to explain”), 脫 (OC *l̥ʰoːd, *l'oːd, “to take off (clothes); to escape”), 偷 (OC *l̥ʰoː, “to steal”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yuè (yue⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄩㄝˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jyut⁶
• Eastern Min (BUC): iŏk
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): iat / ia̍t / oa̍t

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ruag⁸ / ruêg⁸ / ruah⁸

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yuè
    • Zhuyin: ㄩㄝˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yuè
    • Wade–Giles: yüeh⁴
    • Yale: ywè
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yueh
    • Palladius: юэ (jue)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɥɛ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: jyut⁶
    • Yale: yuht
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jyt⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: yud⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jyːt̚²/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: iŏk
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /yoʔ⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iat
    • Tâi-lô: iat
    • Phofsit Daibuun: iad
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /iɛt̚⁵/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ia̍t
    • Tâi-lô: ia̍t
    • Phofsit Daibuun: iat
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /iɛt̚¹²¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /iɛt̚⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: oa̍t
    • Tâi-lô: ua̍t
    • Phofsit Daibuun: oat
    • IPA (Xiamen): /uat̚⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /uat̚¹²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /uat̚²⁴/

Note:

• iat/ia̍t - vernacular;
• oa̍t - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: ruag⁸ / ruêg⁸ / ruah⁸
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: jua̍k / jue̍k / jua̍h
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /d͡zuak̚⁴/, /d͡zuek̚⁴/, /d͡zuaʔ⁴/

Note:

• ruag8 - Shantou;
• ruêg8 - Chaozhou;
• ruah8 - used in 相悅.

---

• Middle Chinese: ywet

Rime
Character	悅
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	仙 (82)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	弋雪切
Baxter	ywet
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jiuᴇt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/jʷiɛt̚/
Shao Rongfen	/juæt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/jwiat̚/
Li Rong	/iuɛt̚/
Wang Li	/jĭuɛt̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/i̯wɛt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yuè
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jyut6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*lot/

  (Zhengzhang): /*lod/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	悅
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yuè
Middle Chinese	‹ ywet ›
Old Chinese	/*lot/
English	pleased
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	悅	悅
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	2573	2575
Phonetic component	兑	兑
Rime group	月	月
Rime subdivision	3	3
Corresponding MC rime	悅	悅
Old Chinese	/*lod/	/*lod/

Definitions

悅

1. pleased; contented; gratified

   • 秦伯說，與鄭人盟。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     秦伯说，与郑人盟。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4^th century BCE

     Qín bó yuè, yǔ Zhèng rén méng. [Pinyin]

     The earl of Qin was pleased, and made a covenant with the people of Zheng.

   • 取之而燕民悅，則取之。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     取之而燕民悦，则取之。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Mencius, c. 4^th century BCE

     Qǔ zhī ér Yàn mín yuè, zé qǔ zhī. [Pinyin]

     If the people of Yan will be pleased with your taking possession of it, then do so.

2. to be pleasing to

   悅目／悦目  ―  yuèmù  ―  pleasing to the eye

   悅耳／悦耳  ―  yuè'ěr  ―  pleasant-sounding

3. to like; to love

   • 平公說新聲。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     平公说新声。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Guoyu, circa 4^th century BCE

     Píng Gōng yuè xīn shēng. [Pinyin]

     Duke Ping of Jin loved the new music.

   • 士為知己者死，女為悅己者容。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     士为知己者死，女为悦己者容。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Zhanguo Ce, circa 5^th – 3^rd centuries BCE

     Shì wèi zhī jǐ zhě sǐ, nǚ wèi yuè jǐ zhě róng. [Pinyin]

     A man will die for someone who understands him, while a woman will adorn herself for a man that loves her.

Compounds

• 不悅／不悦 (bùyuè)
• 兩情相悅／两情相悦 (liǎngqíngxiāngyuè)
• 取悅／取悦 (qǔyuè)
• 和容悅色／和容悦色
• 和悅／和悦 (héyuè)
• 和顏悅色／和颜悦色 (héyányuèsè)
• 喜悅／喜悦 (xǐyuè)
• 大悅／大悦
• 夷悅／夷悦 (yíyuè)
• 娛悅／娱悦 (yúyuè)
• 容悅／容悦
• 弔者大悅／吊者大悦
• 心怡神悅／心怡神悦
• 心悅誠服／心悦诚服 (xīnyuèchéngfú)
• 忻悅／忻悦 (xīnyuè)
• 忭悅／忭悦
• 怏怏不悅／怏怏不悦
• 怡悅／怡悦 (yíyuè)
• 怡情悅性／怡情悦性
• 怫然不悅／怫然不悦
• 怡然自悅／怡然自悦
• 怡顏悅色／怡颜悦色
• 悅人／悦人
• 悅心／悦心
• 悅心娛目／悦心娱目
• 悅懌／悦怿 (yuèyì)
• 悅服／悦服 (yuèfú)
• 悅樂／悦乐
• 悅澤／悦泽
• 悅目／悦目 (yuèmù)
• 悅目娛心／悦目娱心
• 悅耳／悦耳 (yuè'ěr)
• 悅色／悦色
• 悅豫／悦豫
• 悅近來遠／悦近来远
• 愉悅／愉悦 (yúyuè)
• 抃悅／抃悦
• 欣悅／欣悦 (xīnyuè)
• 歡悅／欢悦 (huānyuè)
• 清耳悅心／清耳悦心
• 爽心悅目／爽心悦目
• 神人共悅／神人共悦
• 禪悅／禅悦
• 賞心悅目／赏心悦目 (shǎngxīnyuèmù)
• 近悅遠來／近悦远来

 

Japanese

Shinjitai	悦
Kyūjitai	悅

Kanji

悅

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 悦)

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Readings

• On (unclassified): えつ (etsu)
• Kun: よろこぶ (yorokobu)

Usage notes

This character lacks JIS support and is not used in Japan. 悦 (U+60A6) is used instead.

Korean

Hanja

悅 (eum 열 (yeol))

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Vietnamese

Han character

悅: Hán Nôm readings: duyệt

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.