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患

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
患 U+60A3, 患
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-60A3
← 悢
[U+60A2] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 悤 →
[U+60A4]

Translingual

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Han character

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患 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+7, 11 strokes, cangjie input 中中心 (LLP), four-corner 50336, composition ⿱串心)

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 388, character 16
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10691
  • Dae Jaweon: page 721, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2300, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+60A3

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 患
alternative forms 𢠶
𢤒

Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (患) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
漶 *ɡoːns
贃 *qroːns
患 *ɡroːns
槵 *ɡroːns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡroːns): phonetic 串 (OC *kroːns, *kʰjons) + semantic 心 (“heart”).

Since Shuowen does not have the character 串, it interprets the character as phonetic 吅 (OC *qʰon, *sqʰon, *sɢoŋs) + semantic 丨 + semantic 心 (“heart”) – to pierce through something from the heart. Duan Yucai claims in his commentary that older copies of Shuowen actually have phonetic 毌 (OC *koːn, *koːns, “to pierce through”) + semantic 心 (“heart”) instead.

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • huam6 - Chaozhou;
  • huang6 - Shantou, Chenghai, Raoping, Puning.
Rime
Character 患
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
Final (韻) 刪 (70)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) II
Fanqie 胡慣切
Baxter hwaenH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɦˠuanH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɦʷᵚanH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɣuɐnH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɦwaɨnH/
Li
Rong 		/ɣuanH/
Wang
Li 		/ɣwanH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ɣwanH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		huàn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		waan6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 患
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		huàn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ hwænH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[ɡ]ˁro[n]-s/
English calamity; distress

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 患
Reading # 1/1
No. 5364
Phonetic
component 		患
Rime
group 		元
Rime
subdivision 		3
Corresponding
MC rime 		患
Old
Chinese 		/*ɡroːns/
Notes 本從串（毌）聲

Definitions

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患

  1. to contract (an illness); to suffer from; to be afflicted with
  2. disease; illness
  3. to worry; to feel anxious
  4. disaster; calamity; catastrophe
    水患  ―  shuǐhuàn  ―  flood
    有備無患／有备无患  ―  yǒubèiwúhuàn  ―  preparedness averts peril

Synonyms

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  • (to contract an illness):
Dialectal synonyms of 生病 (“to fall ill; to be ill”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 生病, 得病, 患, 患病, 害病, 染病, 發病, 病倒, 帶病, 抱病, 抱恙, 罹病, 罹患
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 病, 得病, 鬧病, 不舒服
Taiwan 病, 生病, 不舒服
Ulanhot 病
Tongliao 病
Chifeng 病
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 病
Harbin 病, 作病
Malaysia 生病
Singapore 生病
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 長病, 病, 不好, 不熨貼, 不舒坦, 不得勁兒, 鬧症候
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 得病, 病病兒, 不濟, 不熨貼
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 害病, 生病, 病, 有病兒, 不好, 不老兒好, 不美氣
Wanrong 犯病, 難過
Zhengzhou 病, 不得勁
Xi'an 害病, 得病, 病, 不受活 of an adult, 不乖 of a child
Xining 病下, 得病, 不爽快
Xuzhou 得病, 害病, 病, 不舒坦, 不舒服, 不如適, 出故事 of a child, 出症兒 of a child, 出症 of a child
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 得病, 病下, 不行下, 不受活, 不乖 of a child
Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan) 得病, 害病, 不受活, 不乖 of a child
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 害病, 有病, 得病, 不好, 不清乾 Hui
Bayanhot 害病, 病
Lanzhou 病下, 不舒坦, 不爽快, 不輕身 of an adult, 不乖 of a child, 變狗 of a child
Ürümqi 病下, 害病, 不舒服
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 害病, 得病, 病, 不好, 不安逸
Wuhan 害病, 病, 有病, 不好, 不舒服, 不乖 of a child, 做狗狗 of a child
Guiyang 痛病, 痛, 生病, 不好在, 不安逸, 逗狗 of a child
Kunming 不好
Guilin 病
Liuzhou 病, 做狗崽 of a child, 做狗 of a child
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 生病, 害病, 不爽快, 不爽, 不舒服
Yangzhou 害病, 不好過
Nantong 不好過
Hefei 害病, 病, 不伸坦
Cantonese Guangzhou 病, 唔舒服, 唔精神, 唔自然
Hong Kong 病, 唔舒服, 唔精神 dated, 唔自然 dated
Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) 病
Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) 病
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 有病
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 有病
Macau 病
Guangzhou (Panyu) 病
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 唔精神
Guangzhou (Conghua) 病
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 病, 唔精神
Foshan 病
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 病
Foshan (Shunde) 唔精神
Foshan (Sanshui) 唔精神
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 病
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 病
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 病
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 病
Zhuhai (Doumen) 病, 唔精神
Jiangmen (Baisha) 病
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 病
Taishan 病
Kaiping (Chikan) 病, 唔精神
Enping (Niujiang) 病, 唔舒服
Heshan (Yayao) 病
Dongguan 病, 唔精神
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 唔養得
Yangjiang 病, 得病, 無自由
Nanning 生病, 病
Wuzhou 生病
Yulin 生病
Hepu (Lianzhou) 發病
Danzhou 有病
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 病
Singapore (Guangfu) 病
Gan Nanchang 生病, 病, 不好過, 不舒服
Lichuan 病
Pingxiang 病, 不熨貼
Hakka Meixian 發病, 起病, 唔自然, 唔舒服, 犯病
Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) 有病
Dongguan (Qingxi) 唔做得
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 唔做得
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 病
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 病
Yudu 病
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 發病仔, 發病, 破病, 著病, 得病, 致病, 唔鬆爽, 唔自然
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 發病, 破病, 著病, 得病, 致病, 唔鬆爽, 唔自然
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 發病, 著病, 破病, 得病, 致病, 唔鬆爽, 唔自然
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 破病, 著病, 得病, 致病, 唔鬆爽, 唔快活, 唔自然
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 發病仔, 發病, 破病, 著病, 得病, 致病, 唔鬆爽, 唔自然
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 破病, 著病, 無快活, 無堵好
Hong Kong 病
Luchuan (Daqiao) 生病
Senai (Huiyang) 病
Huizhou Jixi 害病, 起病
Jin Taiyuan 病, 害病, 鬧病, 難活
Xinzhou 難過
Taibus (Baochang) 病
Linhe 病
Jining 病
Hohhot 難過
Baotou 病
Dongsheng 病
Haibowan 難活
Northern Min Jian'ou 病, 凊著, 伓鬆爽
Eastern Min Fuzhou 破病, 病去, 𣍐爽快, 做犬 of a child
Southern Min Xiamen 破病, 著病, 致病, 無爽, 無好勢, 艱苦
Quanzhou 破病, 毋好, 著病, 致病, 艱苦
Jinjiang 破病
Yongchun 破病
Zhangzhou 破病, 著病, 致病, 毋愛, 𣍐乖 of a child
Taipei 破病
New Taipei (Sanxia) 破病
Kaohsiung 破病, 艱苦
Yilan 破病, 艱苦
Changhua (Lukang) 破病
Taichung 破病, 艱苦
Taichung (Wuqi) 破病
Tainan 破病, 艱苦
Taitung 破病
Hsinchu 破病
Kinmen 破病
Penghu (Magong) 破病
Penang (Hokkien) 破病
Singapore (Hokkien) 破病
Manila (Hokkien) 毋好, 破病
Pingnan (Shangdu) 病
Chaozhou 生病, 唔好, 無若好
Shantou 破相, 儂孬
Shantou (Chenghai) 破相, 儂孬
Jieyang 著病, 破病, 生毛
Bangkok (Teochew) 唔寬活, 儂孬
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 破病
Singapore (Teochew) 破病
Leizhou 惡抵
Wenchang 惡耐, 生病
Haikou 病, 病痛, 惡抵, 惡耐
Qionghai 病, 惡耐
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 唔精神
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 病
Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dahe) 病
Wu Shanghai 生病, 生毛病, 有毛病, 勿適意, 勿舒服
Shanghai (Xinzhuang, Minhang) 吃勿住, 上勿上
Shanghai (Songjiang) 難過, 勿舒齊, 勿受用
Shanghai (Fengxian) 難過
Shanghai (Jiading) 勿受用
Shanghai (Yuepu, Baoshan) 難過
Shanghai (Chongming) 無得力氣
Suzhou 生病, 生毛病, 勿適意, 勿鬆 suburbs
Wuxi 生病
Danyang 生病, 害病, 弗好過, 無本事
Hangzhou 生毛病, 不舒服
Wenzhou 生病, 病, 否好過
Jinhua 生病, 弗好過
Xiang Changsha 得病, 病, 不好過
Loudi 病
Shuangfeng 病, 不好過
Quanzhou 生病
  • (disease):
  • (to worry):
  • (disaster):

Compounds

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References

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  • “患”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
  • 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “患”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 93.
  • 周存 [Zhōu, Cún], editor (2023), “患”, in 长汀话词典 CHANGTINGHUA CIDIAN [Dictionary of Changting Dialect] (overall work in Hakka and Mandarin), Guangzhou: 世界图书出版有限公司 [World Book Publishing Co., Ltd.], →ISBN, page 185.

Japanese

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Kanji

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患

(Jōyō kanji)

  1. afflicted

Readings

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  • Go-on: げん (gen)
  • Kan-on: かん (kan, Jōyō)
  • Kun: わずらう (wazurau, 患う, Jōyō)、うれえる (ureeru, 患える)、うれい (urei, 患い)

Etymology

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Kanji in this term
患
かん
Grade: S
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 患 (MC hwaenH).

Pronunciation

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Affix

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患(かん) • (kan) ←くわん (kwan)?

  1. worry; suffer
  2. afflicted

Noun

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患(かん) • (kan) ←くわん (kwan)?

  1. trouble; worries; pain
  2. illness; sickness

References

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  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

患 (eumhun 근심 환 (geunsim hwan))

  1. hanja form? of 환 (“worry”)

Vietnamese

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Han character

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患: Hán Nôm readings: hoạn

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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