懈

懈 U+61C8, 懈 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-61C8 ← 懇 [U+61C7] CJK Unified Ideographs 應 → [U+61C9]

Translingual

Han character

懈 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+13, 16 strokes, Cangjie input 心弓月手 (PNBQ), four-corner 9705₂, composition ⿰忄解)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 405, character 19
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11328
• Dae Jaweon: page 745, character 30
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2362, character 7
• Unihan data for U+61C8

Chinese

trad.		懈
simp. #		懈
alternative forms		解 𠢲 𢢣

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (解) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
薢	*kreː, *kreːʔ, *kreːs
解	*kreːʔ, *kreːs, *ɡreːʔ, *ɡreːs
檞	*kreːʔ
懈	*kreːs
繲	*kreːs
廨	*kreːs
蟹	*ɡreːʔ
獬	*ɡreːʔ
澥	*ɡreːʔ
嶰	*ɡreːʔ
邂	*ɡreːs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kreːs): semantic 忄 + phonetic 解 (OC *kreːʔ, *kreːs, *ɡreːʔ, *ɡreːs).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): xiè (xie⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄝˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): haai⁶ / gaai³
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): hai
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hāi

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: xiè
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄝˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: siè
    • Wade–Giles: hsieh⁴
    • Yale: syè
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shieh
    • Palladius: се (se)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: haai⁶ / gaai³
    • Yale: haaih / gaai
    • Cantonese Pinyin: haai⁶ / gaai³
    • Guangdong Romanization: hai⁶ / gai³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /haːi̯²²/, /kaːi̯³³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hai
    • Hakka Romanization System: hai
    • Hagfa Pinyim: hai⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /hai̯⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hāi
    • Tâi-lô: hāi
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hai
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /hai³³/
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /hai⁴¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hai²²/

---

• Middle Chinese: keaH

Rime
Character	懈
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	佳 (31)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	古隘切
Baxter	keaH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠɛH/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚæH/
Shao Rongfen	/kæiH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kaɨjH/
Li Rong	/kɛH/
Wang Li	/kaiH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kaiH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jià
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gaai3

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*kreːs/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	懈
Reading #	1/1
No.	6477
Phonetic component	解
Rime group	支
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	懈
Old Chinese	/*kreːs/

Definitions

懈

1. (literary, or in compounds) lazy; slack; idle

Compounds

• 不懈 (bùxiè)
• 匪懈
• 合作無懈 / 合作无懈
• 堅持不懈 / 坚持不懈 (jiānchíbùxiè)
• 夙夜不懈
• 夙夜匪懈 (sùyèfěixiè)
• 奮鬥不懈 / 奋斗不懈
• 少懈
• 常備不懈 / 常备不懈
• 懈弛
• 懈怠 (xièdài)
• 懈意
• 懈慢
• 懈話 / 懈话
• 懈鬆 / 懈松
• 無懈可擊 / 无懈可击 (wúxièkějī)
• 鬆懈 / 松懈 (sōngxiè)

References

• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A01451
• “懈”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

懈

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. laziness

Readings

• Go-on: け (ke)
• Kan-on: かい (kai)
• Kan’yō-on: げ (ge)
• Kun: おこたる (okotaru, 懈る)、なまける (namakeru, 懈ける)、だるい (darui, 懈い)

Compounds

• 懈(かい)怠(たい) (kaitai), 懈(け)怠(たい) (ketai), 懈(け)怠(だい) (kedai), 懈(かい)惰(だ) (kaida): laziness, (law) laches

Korean

Hanja

懈 (eum 해 (hae))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

懈: Hán Nôm readings: giải

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation