戇

See also: 戆

Translingual

Han character

戇 (radical 61 心+24, 28 strokes, cangjie input X卜金心 (XYCP) or 卜金心 (YCP), four-corner 0733₈, composition ⿱贛心)

References

• KangXi: page 409, character 31
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11525
• Dae Jaweon: page 751, character 30
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2373, character 4
• Unihan data for U+6207

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Chinese

trad.		戇
simp.		戆

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 戇
Small seal script

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kr'oːms, *qʰloːms): phonetic 贛 ‎(OC *kluːmʔ, *kluːms, *kromʔ, *kloːms) + semantic 心.

Etymology 1

“Stupid”. Attested abundantly in Old Chinese, but obsolete in modern varieties. Compared with Proto-Mon *trɔɔʔ (> Mon သ္ဒိုဟ် ‎(tɜ̀h, “foolish, stupid”)) by Schuessler (2007).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhuàng (zhuang⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄨㄤˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zong³

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: zhuàng
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄤˋ
    • Wade-Giles: chuang⁴
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: juanq
    • IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: zong³
    • Yale: jong
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzong³
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡sɔːŋ³³/

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• Middle Chinese: /huŋ^H/, /ʈˠʌŋ^H/▼

Rime
Character	戇	戇
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)	知 (9)
Final (韻)	東 (1)	江 (9)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	II
Fanqie	呼貢切	陟降切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/huŋH/	/ʈˠʌŋH/
Pan Wuyun	/huŋH/	/ʈᵚɔŋH/
Shao Rongfen	/xuŋH/	/ȶɔŋH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/həwŋH/	/ʈaɨwŋH/
Li Rong	/xuŋH/	/ȶɔŋH/
Wang Li	/xuŋH/	/ȶɔŋH/
Bernard Karlgren	/xuŋH/	/ȶɔŋH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hèng	zhuàng

• Old Chinese▼

  (Zhengzhang): /*kr'oːms/, /*qʰloːms/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	戇	戇
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	6277	6291
Phonetic component	夅	夅
Rime group	談	談
Rime subdivision	3	3
Corresponding MC rime	戇	烘
Old Chinese	/*kr'oːms/	/*qʰloːms/

Definitions

戇

1. ^† stupid
2. ^† blunt and tactless

Etymology 2

Dialectally preserved word for “stupid”, attested since Middle Chinese. Relationship to Etymology 1 is unknown.

Compare Proto-Central Chin *ŋoŋ (“dull, stupid”) > Mizo ngawng ‎(“dull, stupid”), Proto-Tai-Kadai *ŋV:ŋ.T (“stupid”) > Zhuang nguengh ‎(“stupid”), as well as Old Khmer lṅaṅya ‎(“stupid, obtuse, ignorant”) > Khmer ល្ងង់ ‎(lngông)).

Bauer (1996) suggests that this root may have entered Old Southern Chinese during the period of its early contact with Tai-speaking peoples in southern China.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gàng (gang⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄤˋ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou, Jyutping): ngong⁶

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): ngong⁵

• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngong
• Min Dong (BUC): ngâung
• Min Nan (POJ): gōng
• Wu (Wiktionary): gaan (T3)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: gàng
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄤˋ
    • Wade-Giles: kang⁴
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ganq
    • IPA ^(key): /kɑŋ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: ngong⁶
    • Yale: ngohng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ngong⁶
    • IPA ^(key): /ŋɔːŋ²²/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: ngong⁵
    • IPA ^(key): /ᵑgɔŋ³²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngong
    • Hakka Romanization System: ngong
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ngong⁴
    • IPA: /ŋoŋ⁵⁵/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: ngâung
    • IPA ^(key): /ŋɔuŋ²⁴²/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gōng
    • Tâi-lô: gōng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: gong
    • IPA (Taipei): /gɔŋ³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /gɔŋ²²/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: gaan (T3)
    • IPA ^(key): /g̊ɑ̃²³/

Definitions

戇

1. (Cantonese, Hakka, Min, Wu) stupid; foolish; simple; simple-minded
2. (dialectal Mandarin) stubborn; bull-headed
3. (dialectal Mandarin) frank; honest; straight

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 傻 (“stupid”)
Variety	Location	Words edit
Mandarin	Beijing	傻
	Taiwan	傻
	Tianjin	傻
	Xi'an	瓜
	Wuhan	苕、哈、嘎
	Chengdu	哈、瓜
	Yangzhou	呆、木足、瓜
	Hefei	呆、傻
Cantonese	Guangzhou	戇、傻
	Yangjiang	傻、戇
Gan	Nanchang	蟬
Hakka	Meixian	傻、戇
Jin	Taiyuan	傻、二不楞
Min Dong	Fuzhou	戇
Min Nan	Xiamen	戇
Wu	Shanghai	戇
	Suzhou	戇
	Wenzhou	呆、憨
Xiang	Changsha	寶、醒
	Shuangfeng	哈

Compounds

• 假戇／假戆
• 愚戇／愚戆
• 戇Q／戆Q
• 戇人／戆人
• 戇仔／戆仔
• 戇佬／戆佬
• 戇吼吼／戆吼吼
• 戇喪／戆丧 (zhuàngsāng)
• 戇囝／戆囝
• 戇大／戆大
• 戇大呆／戆大呆
• 戇妹／戆妹

• 戇婆／戆婆
• 戇小子／戆小子
• 戇居／戆居
• 戇居佬／戆居佬
• 戇居居／戆居居
• 戇戇／戆戆
• 戇搭搭／戆搭搭
• 戇正／戆正
• 戇狗／戆狗
• 戇的／戆的
• 戇直／戆直

• 戇神／戆神
• 戇膽／戆胆
• 戇話／戆话
• 戇錢／戆钱
• 戇頭／戆头
• 戇頭子／戆头子
• 戇頭戇腦／戆头戆脑
• 戇馬／戆马
• 戇鳩／戆鸠
• 詐戇／诈戆
• 霎戇／霎戆

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Japanese

Kanji

戇

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

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Readings

• On: とう (tō), ちゅう (chū), しゅ (shu), こう (kō), く (ku)
• Kun: おろか (oroka)

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Korean

Hanja

戇 • ‎(dang) (hangeul 당, revised dang, McCune-Reischauer tang, Yale tang)

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Vietnamese

Han character

戇 (tráng)

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