戇

See also: 戆

戇 U+6207, 戇 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6207 ← 戆 [U+6206] CJK Unified Ideographs 戈 → [U+6208]

Translingual

Han character

戇 (radical 61, 心+24, 28 strokes, cangjie input X卜金心 (XYCP) or 卜金心 (YCP), four-corner 0733₈, composition ⿱贛心)

References

• KangXi: page 409, character 31
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11525
• Dae Jaweon: page 751, character 30
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2373, character 4
• Unihan data for U+6207

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Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 戇
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (夅) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
贛	*kluːmʔ, *kluːms, *kromʔ, *kloːms
灨	*kluːmʔ, *kluːms
竷	*kʰluːms
戇	*kr'oːms, *qʰloːms
洚	*kruːŋs, *ɡruːŋ, *ɡloːŋ, *ɡluːŋ
降	*kruːŋs, *ɡruːŋ
絳	*kruːŋs
栙	*ɡruːŋ
夅	*ɡruːŋ
跭	*ɡruːŋ
隆	*ɡ·ruːŋ
癃	*ɡ·ruːŋ
窿	*ɡ·ruːŋ
霳	*ɡ·ruːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kr'oːms, *qʰloːms): phonetic 贛 (OC *kluːmʔ, *kluːms, *kromʔ, *kloːms) + semantic 心.

Etymology 1

trad.		戇
simp.		戆

“Stupid”. Attested abundantly in Old Chinese, but obsolete in modern varieties. Compared with Proto-Mon *trɔɔʔ (> Mon သ္ဒိုဟ် (tɜ̀h, “foolish, stupid”)) by Schuessler (2007).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhuàng (zhuang⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄨㄤˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zong³

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: zhuàng
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄤˋ
    • Wade–Giles: chuang⁴
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: juanq
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhuàng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂwɑŋ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: zong³
    • Yale: jong
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzong³
    • Guangdong Romanization: zong³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɔːŋ³³/

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• Middle Chinese: /huŋ^H/, /ʈˠʌŋ^H/▼

Rime
Character	戇	戇
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)	知 (9)
Final (韻)	東 (1)	江 (9)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	II
Fanqie	呼貢切	陟降切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/huŋH/	/ʈˠʌŋH/
Pan Wuyun	/huŋH/	/ʈᵚɔŋH/
Shao Rongfen	/xuŋH/	/ȶɔŋH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/həwŋH/	/ʈaɨwŋH/
Li Rong	/xuŋH/	/ȶɔŋH/
Wang Li	/xuŋH/	/ȶɔŋH/
Bernard Karlgren	/xuŋH/	/ȶɔŋH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hòng	zhuàng

• Old Chinese▼

  (Zhengzhang): /*kr'oːms/, /*qʰloːms/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	戇	戇
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	6277	6291
Phonetic component	夅	夅
Rime group	談	談
Rime subdivision	3	3
Corresponding MC rime	戇	烘
Old Chinese	/*kr'oːms/	/*qʰloːms/

Definitions

戇

1. ^† stupid
2. ^† blunt and tactless

Etymology 2

trad.		戇
simp.		戆
variant forms		怣 Min Nan 憨 Min Nan

Dialectally preserved word for “stupid”, attested since Middle Chinese. Relationship to Etymology 1 is unknown.

Compare Proto-Central Chin *ŋoŋ (“dull, stupid”) > Mizo ngawng (“dull, stupid”), Proto-Tai-Kadai *ŋV:ŋ.T (“stupid”) > Zhuang nguengh (“stupid”), as well as Old Khmer lṅaṅya (“stupid, obtuse, ignorant”) > Khmer ល្ងង់ (lngŭəng)).

Bauer (1996) suggests that this root may have entered Old Southern Chinese during the period of its early contact with Tai-speaking peoples in southern China.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gàng (gang⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄤˋ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou, Jyutping): ngong⁶

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): ngong⁵

• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngong
• Min Dong (BUC): ngâung
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): gōng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): gong³

• Wu (Wiktionary): gaan (T3)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: gàng
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄤˋ
    • Wade–Giles: kang⁴
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ganq
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gàng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɑŋ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: ngong⁶
    • Yale: ngohng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ngong⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: ngong⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋɔːŋ²²/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: ngong⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ᵑgɔŋ³²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngong
    • Hakka Romanization System: ngong
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ngong⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /ŋoŋ⁵⁵/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: ngâung
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋɑuŋ²⁴²/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gōng
    • Tâi-lô: gōng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: gong
    • IPA (Xiamen): /gɔŋ²²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /gɔŋ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /gɔŋ²²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /gɔŋ³³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /gɔŋ³³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: gong³
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kòng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /koŋ²¹³/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: gaan (T3)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /g̊ɑ̃²³/

Definitions

戇

1. (Cantonese, Hakka, Min, Wu) stupid; foolish; simple; simple-minded
2. (dialectal Mandarin) stubborn; bull-headed
3. (dialectal Mandarin) frank; honest; straight

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 傻 (“stupid”) [map]
Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		傻
Mandarin	Beijing	傻
	Taiwan	傻
	Tianjin	傻
	Xi'an	瓜
	Wuhan	苕, 哈, 嘎
	Chengdu	哈, 瓜, 寶
	Yangzhou	呆, 木足, 瓜
	Hefei	呆, 傻
Cantonese	Guangzhou	戇, 傻
	Hong Kong	傻, 戇
	Dongguan	戇, 傻, 吽
	Yangjiang	傻, 戇
Gan	Nanchang	蟬
Hakka	Meixian	傻, 戇
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	戇
	Liudui (S. Sixian)	戇
	Hsinchu (Hailu)	戇
	Dongshi (Dabu)	戇
	Hsinchu (Raoping)	戇
	Yunlin (Zhao'an)	戇
Jin	Taiyuan	傻, 二不楞
Min Bei	Jian'ou	賴, 戇
Min Dong	Fuzhou	戇
	Matsu	戇
Min Nan	Xiamen	戇
	Quanzhou	戇, 潲面 vulgar
	Zhangzhou	戇, 潲面 vulgar
	Taipei	戇
	Kaohsiung	戇
	Penang	戇
	Chaozhou	㦙, 白仁
Wu	Shanghai	戇
	Suzhou	戇
	Wenzhou	呆, 憨
Xiang	Changsha	寶, 醒
	Shuangfeng	哈

Compounds

• 假戇／假戆
• 愚戇／愚戆
• 戇Q／戆Q
• 戇人／戆人
• 戇仔／戆仔
• 戇佬／戆佬
• 戇吼吼／戆吼吼
• 戇喪／戆丧 (zhuàngsāng)
• 戇囝／戆囝
• 戇大／戆大
• 戇大呆／戆大呆
• 戇妹／戆妹

• 戇婆／戆婆
• 戇小子／戆小子
• 戇居／戆居
• 戇居佬／戆居佬
• 戇居居／戆居居
• 戇戇／戆戆
• 戇搭搭／戆搭搭
• 戇正／戆正
• 戇狗／戆狗
• 戇的／戆的
• 戇直／戆直 (zhuàngzhí)
• 戇神／戆神

• 戇膽／戆胆
• 戇話／戆话
• 戇錢／戆钱
• 戇頭／戆头
• 戇頭子／戆头子
• 戇頭戇腦／戆头戆脑
• 戇馬／戆马
• 戇鳩／戆鸠
• 番仔戇／番仔戆
• 詐戇／诈戆
• 霎戇／霎戆

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Japanese

Kanji

戇

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

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Readings

• On (unclassified): とう (tō), ちゅう (chū), しゅ (shu), こう (kō), く (ku)
• Kun: おろか (oroka)

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Korean

Hanja

戇 • (dang) (hangeul 당, revised dang, McCune–Reischauer tang, Yale tang)

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Vietnamese

Han character

戇: Hán Việt readings: tráng (陟(trắc)降(giáng)切(thiết))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.