或
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Translingual
[edit]Stroke order | |||
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Stroke order | |||
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Han character
[edit]或 (Kangxi radical 62, 戈+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 戈口一 (IRM), four-corner 53100, composition ⿹戈⿱口㇀)
Derived characters
[edit]- 㖪, 域, 惐, 掝, 淢, 䧕, 棫, 𤊨, 琙, 㽣, 䂸, 稢, 緎, 聝, 𠒬, 戫, 蜮, 䬎(𬱿), 馘, 䤋, 䮙, 魊, 䱛(𮬟), 𠜻, 㰲, 㚜, 罭, 窢, 䈅, 䍞, 閾(阈), 惑, 㳼, 𤦂, 𢨋, 䰥, 彧, 𤷇, 國(国)
References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 412, character 18
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11563
- Dae Jaweon: page 754, character 17
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1402, character 8
- Unihan data for U+6216
Chinese
[edit]simp. and trad. |
或 | |
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alternative forms | 戓 ancient 𢈿 ancient |
Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 或 | ||||||||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Spring and Autumn | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Guwen Sishengyun (compiled in Song) | Jizhuan Guwen Yunhai (compiled in Song) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts | Transcribed ancient scripts | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Old Chinese | |
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幗 | *kʷɯːɡs, *kʷrɯːɡ |
慖 | *kʷɯːɡs, *kʷrɯːɡ |
簂 | *kʷɯːɡs |
蔮 | *kʷɯːɡs |
國 | *kʷɯːɡ |
或 | *ɡʷɯːɡ |
惑 | *ɡʷɯːɡ |
蜮 | *ɡʷɯːɡ, *ɢʷrɯɡ |
閾 | *qʰʷrɯɡ |
緎 | *qʰʷrɯɡ, *ɡʷrɯɡ |
淢 | *qʰʷrɯɡ, *ɡʷrɯɡ |
域 | *ɢʷrɯɡ |
罭 | *ɢʷrɯɡ |
棫 | *ɡʷrɯɡ |
琙 | *ɡʷrɯɡ |
魊 | *ɡʷrɯɡ |
馘 | *kʷrɯːɡ |
聝 | *kʷrɯːɡ |
膕 | *kʷrɯːɡ |
摑 | *kʷrɯːɡ |
漍 | *kʷrɯːɡ |
嘓 | *kʷrɯːɡ |
蟈 | *kʷrɯːɡ |
掝 | *qʰʷrɯːɡ |
彧 | *qʷrɯɡ |
稶 | *qʷɯɡ |
Ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) : 戈 (“dagger-axe (used to defend the territory)”) + 囗 (“city wall”) + 一, “territory”.
Borrowed for abstract meanings. The derivative 國 (OC *kʷɯːɡ) and 域 (OC *ɢʷrɯɡ) refer to the original word.
Etymology
[edit]或 (OC *ɡʷɯːɡ, “someone; some”) is the result of the distributive suffix *-k being added to 有 (OC *ɢʷɯʔ, “there is”).
Cognate with 又 (OC *ɢʷɯs, “again”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation 1
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): hue2
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): хуэй (huey, III)
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): fet6
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): hueh4
- Northern Min (KCR): hŏ
- Eastern Min (BUC): hĕ̤k
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 8ghoq; 8weq
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): ho6
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄛˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: huò
- Wade–Giles: huo4
- Yale: hwò
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huoh
- Palladius: хо (xo)
- Sinological IPA (key): /xu̯ɔ⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: hue2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xue
- Sinological IPA (key): /xuɛ²¹/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: хуэй (huey, III)
- Sinological IPA (key): /xuɛi⁴⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: waak6
- Yale: waahk
- Cantonese Pinyin: waak9
- Guangdong Romanization: wag6
- Sinological IPA (key): /waːk̚²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: vak5
- Sinological IPA (key): /vak̚³²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: fet6
- Sinological IPA (key): /fɛt̚⁵/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fe̍t
- Hakka Romanization System: fed
- Hagfa Pinyim: fed6
- Sinological IPA: /fet̚⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: hueh4
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /xuəʔ²/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hŏ
- Sinological IPA (key): /xo²⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: hĕ̤k
- Sinological IPA (key): /høyʔ⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hia̍k
- Tâi-lô: hia̍k
- Phofsit Daibuun: hiak
- IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /hiak̚²⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: he̍k
- Tâi-lô: hi̍k
- Phofsit Daibuun: hek
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /hiɪk̚⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiɪk̚¹²¹/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: hog8
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ho̍k
- Sinological IPA (key): /hok̚⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang)
- Wu
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: ho6
- Sinological IPA (key): /xo²⁴/
- (Changsha)
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | 或 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /xuo⁵¹/ |
Harbin | /xuei²¹³/ /xuo⁵³/ | |
Tianjin | /xɤ⁵³/ | |
Jinan | /xuei⁴²/ | |
Qingdao | /xuə⁴²/ /xue⁴²/ | |
Zhengzhou | /xuai⁴²/ | |
Xi'an | /xuei²⁴/ | |
Xining | /xuɨ²⁴/ | |
Yinchuan | /xuə¹³/ | |
Lanzhou | /xuə¹³/ | |
Ürümqi | /xuɤ²¹³/ | |
Wuhan | /xuɤ²¹³/ | |
Chengdu | /xue³¹/ | |
Guiyang | /xuɛ²¹/ | |
Kunming | /xo³¹/ | |
Nanjing | /xueʔ⁵/ | |
Hefei | /xuɐʔ⁵/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /xuəʔ²/ |
Pingyao | /xuʌʔ⁵³/ | |
Hohhot | /xuaʔ⁴³/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /ɦoʔ¹/ |
Suzhou | /ɦuəʔ³/ | |
Hangzhou | /ɦoʔ²/ | |
Wenzhou | /va²¹³/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /xuɛʔ²¹/ |
Tunxi | /xo⁵/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /xo²⁴/ |
Xiangtan | /ho²⁴/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /fɛʔ⁵/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /fet̚⁵/ |
Taoyuan | /fet̚⁵⁵/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /wak̚²/ |
Nanning | /wak̚²²/ | |
Hong Kong | /wak̚²/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /hik̚⁵/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /høyʔ⁵/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /xo²⁴/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /hok̚⁵/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /hok̚³/ |
- Middle Chinese: hwok
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ʷˤək/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ɡʷɯːɡ/
Definitions
[edit]或
- or; either ... or ... (used to list alternatives)
- (chiefly in news headlines) perhaps; maybe
- 1046 October 17, 范仲淹 [Fan Zhongyan], 岳陽樓記 [Memorial to Yueyang Tower]:
- occasionally; sometimes
- if; assuming; should ...
- (logic, computing) OR; inclusive or
- particle used in negative sentences to reinforce the negative tone
- † some; someone; something
- 齊人伐燕,勝之。宣王問曰:「或謂寡人勿取,或謂寡人取之。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Mencius, c. 4th century BCE
- Qí rén fá yàn, shèng zhī. Xuān wáng wèn yuē: “Huò wèi guǎrén wù qǔ, huò wèi guǎrén qǔ zhī.” [Pinyin]
- Qi attacked Yan, conquering it. King Xuan said: "Some people tell me not to take it [Yan] for myself; some tell me to take it".
齐人伐燕,胜之。宣王问曰:「或谓寡人勿取,或谓寡人取之。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- † doubt[1]
Compounds
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Pronunciation 2
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄩˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: yù
- Wade–Giles: yü4
- Yale: yù
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuh
- Palladius: юй (juj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /y⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: wik6
- Yale: wihk
- Cantonese Pinyin: wik9
- Guangdong Romanization: wig6
- Sinological IPA (key): /wɪk̚²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Definitions
[edit]或
References
[edit]Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]或
- a certain ...; some ...
Readings
[edit]Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]或 • (hok) (hangeul 혹, revised hok, McCune–Reischauer hok, Yale hok)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]或: Hán Nôm readings: hoặc, hoắc
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
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