戮

戮 U+622E, 戮 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-622E ← 戭 [U+622D] CJK Unified Ideographs 戯 → [U+622F]

戮 U+F9D2, 戮 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9D2 ← 六 [U+F9D1] CJK Compatibility Ideographs 陸 → [U+F9D3]

Translingual

Han character

戮 (Kangxi radical 62, 戈+11, 15 strokes, Cangjie input 尸竹戈 (SHI) or 難尸竹戈 (XSHI), four-corner 1325₀, composition ⿰翏戈)

Derived characters

• 𪇯

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 414, character 4
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11655
• Dae Jaweon: page 757, character 6
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1412, character 5
• Unihan data for U+622E

• Unihan data for U+F9D2

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 戮
Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (翏) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
醪	*ruːw
嫪	*ruːw, *rɯːws
嘐	*ɡ·ruːw, *krɯːw, *qʰrɯːw
賿	*rrɯːw, *rrɯːwʔ
顟	*rrɯːw
膠	*krɯːw, *krɯːws, *kʰrɯːw
轇	*krɯːw
摎	*krɯːw, *rɯw
髎	*riw, *rɯːw
熮	*riws, *rɯːw, *rɯwʔ
廖	*rɯːw, *rɯːws, *rɯws
憀	*rɯːw, *rɯw
豂	*rɯːw
漻	*rɯːw
翏	*ɡ·rɯːw, *ɡ·rɯws
寥	*rɯːw, *rɯːwɢ
蓼	*rɯːwʔ, *rɯwɢ
鄝	*rɯːwʔ
鷚	*mɡlɯw, *rɯwɢs, *mɡrɯw, *ɡrɯw
繆	*mlɯw, *mɡrɯw, *mrɯws, *mlɯwɢ
勠	*rɯw, *rɯwɢs, *rɯwɢ
疁	*rɯw
飂	*rɯw, *rɯws
鏐	*rɯw, *rɯw
僇	*rɯwɢs, *rɯwɢ
瘳	*r̥ʰɯw
璆	*ɡlɯw, *ɡrɯw
謬	*mrɯws
蟉	*ɡ·rɯw, *ɡrɯw, *ɡrɯwʔ
樛	*krɯw
磟	*ruːwɢ, *rɯwɢ
戮	*rɯwɢ
剹	*rɯwɢ
穋	*rɯwɢ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *rɯwɢ): phonetic 翏 (OC *ɡ·rɯːw, *ɡ·rɯws) + semantic 戈 (“dagger axe”).

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): lù (lu⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄨˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): luk⁶
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): liu̍k

  (Hailu, HRS): liug^ˋ

• Eastern Min (BUC): lṳ̆k
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): loeh⁷ / lyoeh⁷
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): lio̍k

  (Teochew, Peng'im): log⁸

• Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ⁸loq

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: lù
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄨˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: lù
    • Wade–Giles: lu⁴
    • Yale: lù
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: luh
    • Palladius: лу (lu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lu⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: luk⁶
    • Yale: luhk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: luk⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: lug⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lʊk̚²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: liu̍k
    • Hakka Romanization System: liug
    • Hagfa Pinyim: liug⁶
    • Sinological IPA: /li̯uk̚⁵/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: liug^ˋ
    • Sinological IPA: /liuk²/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: lṳ̆k
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /l̃yʔ⁵/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: loeh⁷
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: le̤̍h
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lœʔ⁴/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: lyoeh⁷
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lyøʔ⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lio̍k
    • Tâi-lô: lio̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: liok
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /liɔk̚⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /liɔk̚²⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /liɔk̚¹²¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei): /liɔk̚⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /liɔk̚⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: log⁸
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lo̍k
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lok̚⁴/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai, Jiading, Songjiang, Chongming, Suzhou, Yixing, Tongxiang, Haiyan, Deqing, Shaoxing, Cixi, Ningbo)
    • Wugniu: ⁸loq
    • MiniDict: loh^入
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁵loq
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /loʔ¹²/
    • Sinological IPA (Jiading): /loʔ¹²/
    • Sinological IPA (Songjiang): /loʔ²²/
    • Sinological IPA (Chongming): /ɦloʔ²/
    • Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /loʔ²³/
    • Sinological IPA (Yixing): /loʔ³³/
    • Sinological IPA (Tongxiang): /loʔ²²/
    • Sinological IPA (Haiyan): /loʔ²²/
    • Sinological IPA (Deqing): /loʔ³³/
    • Sinological IPA (Shaoxing): /loʔ²³/
    • Sinological IPA (Cixi): /loʔ³¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /loʔ¹²/

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• Middle Chinese: ljuwk

Rime
Character	戮
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	屋 (4)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	力竹切
Baxter	ljuwk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lɨuk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/liuk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/liuk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/luwk̚/
Li Rong	/liuk̚/
Wang Li	/lĭuk̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/li̯uk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	luk6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]iwk/

  (Zhengzhang): /*rɯwɢ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	戮
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	lù
Middle Chinese	‹ ljuwk ›
Old Chinese	/*[r]iwk/
English	kill
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	戮
Reading #	1/1
No.	8401
Phonetic component	翏
Rime group	覺
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	六
Old Chinese	/*rɯwɢ/

Etymology 1

trad.		戮
simp. #		戮
alternative forms		剹／戮 僇

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan, perhaps related to 劉 (OC *m·ru, “slaughter”). Compare also Mru ruk (“shame”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Definitions

戮

1. to kill; to massacre

   • 惡錯若滿，天必戮之。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     恶错若满，天必戮之。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Mingxin baojian, 1393

     È cuò ruò mǎn, tiān bì lù zhī. [Pinyin]

     If one is full of evil and fault, Heaven will surely kill him.

2. to humiliate; to disgrace
3. to behead a corpse (as posthumous punishment)

   • 三姦同罪，請殺其生者而戮其死者。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     三奸同罪，请杀其生者而戮其死者。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Guoyu, circa 4^th century BCE

     Sān jiān tóngzuì, qǐng shā qí shēng zhě ér lù qí sǐ zhě. [Pinyin]

     The three wicked ones are guilty of the same crime; I request that the living among them be executed, and the dead among them be exhumed and beheaded.

Compounds

• 丁公被戮
• 刑戮 (xínglù)
• 大戮
• 夷戮
• 奴戮
• 孥戮
• 專戮 / 专戮
• 就戮
• 屠戮 (túlù)
• 引頸受戮 / 引颈受戮
• 引頸就戮 / 引颈就戮
• 戮屍 / 戮尸 (lùshī)
• 杜郵之戮 / 杜邮之戮
• 株戮
• 殺戮 / 杀戮 (shālù)
• 神人共戮
• 誅戮 / 诛戮 (zhūlù)
• 隱戮 / 隐戮
• 鬼戮神誅 / 鬼戮神诛

Etymology 2

trad.		戮
simp. #		戮
alternative forms		勠 僇 勎 𠢜 𠢯

Definitions

戮

1. to join forces; to cooperate

Compounds

• 同心戮力
• 悉心戮力
• 戮力 (lùlì)
• 戮力一心 (lùlìyīxīn)
• 戮力以赴
• 戮力同心 (lùlìtóngxīn)
• 戮力齊心 / 戮力齐心
• 殫謀戮力 / 殚谋戮力
• 齊心戮力 / 齐心戮力 (qíxīnlùlì)

Pronunciation 2

trad.		戮
simp. #		戮
alternative forms		錄／录

• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): lak

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• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lak
    • Tâi-lô: lak
    • Phofsit Daibuun: lag
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /lak̚³²/
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /lak̚⁵/
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /lak̚³²/
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei): /lak̚³²/
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /lak̚³²/

Definitions

戮

1. (Hokkien) to use a tool to pierce an object
2. (Hokkien) tool for drilling holes

Compounds

• 戮璇
• 戮空
• 戮鑽 / 戮钻

Japanese

Kanji

戮

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. to kill (ころす)
2. to humiliate (はずかしめる)
3. to join forces (あわせる)

Readings

• Go-on: ろく (roku)^{←ろく (roku, historical)}、る (ru)^{←る (ru, historical)}
• Kan-on: りく (riku)^{←りく (riku, historical)}、りょう (ryō)^{←れう (reu, historical)}、りゅう (ryū)^{←りう (riu, historical)}
• Kun: ころす (korosu)^{←ころす (korosu, historical)}、はずかしめる (hazukashimeru, 戮める)^{←はづかしむ (fadukasimu, 戮む, historical)}、あわせる (awaseru, 戮せる)^{←あはす (afasu, 戮す, historical)}

References

• “戮” in: 諸橋轍次 (Morohashi Tetsuji), chief ed. 大漢和辞典 (Dai Kan-Wa Jiten, “Comprehensive Chinese–Japanese Dictionary”). 13 vols. 1955–1960. Revised and enlarged ed. 1984–1986. Tokyo: Taishukan.

Korean

Etymology

Borrowed from Middle Chinese 戮 (MC ljuwk).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ɾjuk̚] ~ [juk̚]
• Phonetic hangul: [륙/육]

Hanja

戮 (eumhun 죽일 륙 (jugil ryuk), word-initial (South Korea) 죽일 육 (jugil yuk))

1. hanja form^? of 륙 / 육 (“to kill”)

References

• Naver Hanja Dictionary: 戮

Vietnamese

Han character

戮: Hán Nôm readings: lục, lóc, dốc, nhốc, nhộc

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