東北

See also: 东北

Chinese

		east	north
trad. (東北)		東	北
simp. (东北)		东	北

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): dōngběi

  (Zhuyin): ㄉㄨㄥ ㄅㄟˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): dung¹ bak¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): tûng-pet
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): tang-pak

  (Teochew, Peng'im): dang¹ bag⁴

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: dōngběi
    • Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄥ ㄅㄟˇ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dongbeei
    • Tongyong Pinyin: dongběi
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʊŋ⁵⁵ peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: dung¹ bak¹
    • Yale: dūng bāk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dung¹ bak⁷
    • Guangdong Romanization: dung¹ beg¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʊŋ⁵⁵ pɐk̚⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tûng-pet
    • Hakka Romanization System: dung´ bed`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: dung¹ bed⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /tuŋ²⁴ pet̚²/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tang-pak
    • Tâi-lô: tang-pak
    • Phofsit Daibuun: dangpag
    • IPA (Xiamen): /taŋ⁴⁴⁻²² pak̚³²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /taŋ³³ pak̚⁵/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /taŋ⁴⁴⁻²² pak̚³²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ pak̚³²/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ pak̚³²/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: dang¹ bag⁴
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tang pak
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /taŋ³³⁻²³ pak̚²/

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• Middle Chinese: /tuŋ  pək̚/

Rime
Character	東	北
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	端 (5)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	東 (1)	德 (131)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	德紅切	博墨切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tuŋ/	/pək̚/
Pan Wuyun	/tuŋ/	/pək̚/
Shao Rongfen	/tuŋ/	/pək̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/təwŋ/	/pək̚/
Li Rong	/tuŋ/	/pək̚/
Wang Li	/tuŋ/	/pək̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/tuŋ/	/pək̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	dōng	bo

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*tˤoŋ  pˤək/

  (Zhengzhang): /*toːŋ  pɯːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	東	北
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	dōng	běi
Middle Chinese	‹ tuwng ›	‹ pok ›
Old Chinese	/*tˁoŋ/ (< *tˁoŋʔ ?)	/*pˁək/
English	east	north
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	東	北
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	2435	414
Phonetic component	東	北
Rime group	東	職
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	東	北
Old Chinese	/*toːŋ/	/*pɯːɡ/
Notes	種（種籽）初文，甲金文象種皮甲坼萌生根芽， 參敕字陳字注

Noun

東北

1. northeast

   • 艮，東北之卦也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     艮，东北之卦也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: I Ching, 3^rd – 2^nd millennia BCE

     Gèn, dōngběi zhī guà yě. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this example)

Proper noun

東北

1. (specifically) Northeastern China (made up of Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Liaoning and sometimes also the northeast portion of Inner Mongolia); Manchuria
2. (～地方) Tōhoku (a region of Japan)

Derived terms

• 外東北／外东北 (Wài Dōngběi)
• 東北官話／东北官话 (dōngběi guānhuà)
• 東北平原／东北平原 (Dōngběi Píngyuán)

• 東北易幟／东北易帜 (Dōngběi Yìzhì)
• 東北話／东北话 (dōngběihuà)

Coordinate terms

• (compass points)

西北	北	東北
西		東
西南	南	東南

See also

• 滿洲國／满洲国 (Mǎnzhōuguó)

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
東	北
とう Grade: 2	ほく Grade: 2
on’yomi

Pronunciation

• On’yomi
• (Tokyo) とーほく [tòóhókú] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [to̞ːho̞kɯ̟ᵝ]

Noun

東(とう)北(ほく) • (tōhoku) 

1. northeast

Coordinate terms

• (compass points)

西北(せいほく) (seihoku)/北西(ほくせい) (hokusei)	北(きた) (kita)	東北(とうほく) (tōhoku)/北東(ほくとう) (hokutō)
西(にし) (nishi)		東(ひがし) (higashi)
西南(せいなん) (seinan)/南西(なんせい) (nansei)	南(みなみ) (minami)	東南(とうなん) (tōnan)/南東(なんとう) (nantō)

Proper noun

東(とう)北(ほく) • (Tōhoku) 

1. the northeast region of Japan, specifically the northernmost six prefectures in Honshu (clockwise from the northermost): 青森県 (​Aomori-ken), 岩手県 (​Iwate-ken), 宮城県 (​Miyagi-ken), 福島県 (​Fukushima-ken), 山形県 (​Yamagata-ken), 秋田県 (​Akita-ken).

Synonyms

• 東(とう)北(ほく)地(ち)方(ほう) (Tōhoku chihō, “the Tōhoku region”)
• 奥(おう)羽(う) (Ōu)

See also

• 東北地方 on the Japanese Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^ja
• Tōhoku region on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

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Korean

Hanja in this term
東	北

Noun

東北 • (dongbuk) (hangeul 동북)

1. Hanja form^? of 동북 (“northeast”).

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Vietnamese

Hán tự in this term
東	北

Noun

東北

1. Hán tự form of đông bắc (“northeast”).