松明

Chinese

		pine	clear; bright; to understand clear; bright; to understand; next; the Ming dynasty
trad. (松明)		松	明
simp. #(松明)		松	明

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): sōngmíng

  (Zhuyin): ㄙㄨㄥ ㄇㄧㄥˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): cung⁴ ming⁴
• Northern Min (KCR): cě̤ng-miâng
• Eastern Min (BUC): sṳ̀ng-miāng
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): song-bêng / siông-bêng

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: sōngmíng
    • Zhuyin: ㄙㄨㄥ ㄇㄧㄥˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: songmíng
    • Wade–Giles: sung¹-ming²
    • Yale: sūng-míng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: songming
    • Palladius: сунмин (sunmin)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sʊŋ⁵⁵ miŋ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: cung⁴ ming⁴
    • Yale: chùhng mìhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsung⁴ ming⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: cung⁴ ming⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰʊŋ²¹ mɪŋ²¹/
    • Homophones:

      edit edit 松明 重明

• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: cě̤ng-miâng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sœyŋ²¹ miaŋ³³/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: sṳ̀ng-miāng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /syŋ⁵³⁻³³ miaŋ³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: song-bêng
    • Tâi-lô: song-bîng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: songbeeng
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /sɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /sɔŋ³³ biɪŋ²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siông-bêng
    • Tâi-lô: siông-bîng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: siongbeeng
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /siɔŋ¹³⁻²² biɪŋ¹³/

Noun

松明

1. pine torch

Synonyms

edit

• 明子 (dated)
• 松光 (Liuzhou Mandarin, Pingxiang Gan)
• 松明子 (sōngmíngzǐ)
• 松明油 (Wenzhounese)
• 松明𱬀 (Eastern Min)
• 松迷 (Huizhou)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (松明):

• → Japanese: 松明(しょうめい) (shōmei)

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
松	明
たいまつ
Grade: 4	Grade: 2
jukujikun

Alternative spellings
炬 炬火

/takimat͡su/ → /taĩmat͡su/ → /taimat͡su/

Shift by イ音便 (i onbin, “i sound shift”) from takimatsu, itself from 焚き (taki, “burning”, stem or continuative form of verb 焚く (taku), "to burn") +‎ 松 (matsu, “pine tree”). Compare the development of 続松 (tsugimatsu → tsuimatsu) of the same meaning.

Orthographic borrowing from Chinese 松明 (sōngmíng).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) たいまつ [táꜜìmàtsù] (Atamadaka – [1])
• (Tokyo) たいまつ [tàímátsú] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [ta̠ima̠t͡sɨ]

Noun

松明(たいまつ) • (taimatsu) 

1. a torch (stick with flame at one end)

   Synonyms: 打ち松 (uchimatsu), 炬火 (kyoka, koka), 炬燭 (kyoshoku), 松火 (shōka), 松炬 (shōkyo), 続松 (tsuimatsu), トーチ (tōchi), 松 (matsu)

Derived terms

• お松明(たいまつ), 御(お)松明(たいまつ) (o-taimatsu)
• 松明(たいまつ)行(ぎょう)列(れつ) (taimatsu gyōretsu)
• 松明(たいまつ)の占(うら) (taimatsu no ura)
• 松明花(タイマツバナ) (taimatsubana)
• 松明(たいまつ)祭(まつり), 松明(たいまつ)祭(まつ)り (Taimatsu-matsuri)
• 鵜(う)松明(たいまつ) (u-taimatsu)
• 狐(キツネ)の松明(タイマツ) (kitsune no taimatsu)
• 陣(じん)松明(たいまつ) (jintaimatsu)
• 手(て)松明(たいまつ) (tetaimatsu), 手(て)松明(だいまつ) (tedaimatsu)
• 投(な)げ松明(たいまつ) (nagetaimatsu)
• 柱(はしら)松明(たいまつ) (hashira taimatsu)

Proper noun

松明(たいまつ) • (Taimatsu) 

1. a placename

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
松	明
しょう Grade: 4	めい Grade: 2
kan'on

From Middle Chinese 松明 (MC zjowng mjaeng). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Noun

松(しょう)明(めい) • (shōmei) 

1. a torch (stick with flame at one end)
2. the flame of an oil lamp

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
松	明
まつ Grade: 4	めい Grade: 2
yutōyomi

Proper noun

松(まつ)明(めい) • (Matsumei) 

1. a surname

References

• “〈松明〉”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025