枸杞

Chinese

			(willow); name of a feudal state
simp. and trad. (枸杞)		枸	杞
alternative forms		枸檵 枸忌

wolfberry

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “any connection to Persian گوجه?”)

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gǒuqǐ

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄡˇ ㄑㄧˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gau² gei²
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kiéu-kí
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kó͘-kí / kió-kí
• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵keu-ci

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gǒuqǐ [Phonetic: góuqǐ]
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄡˇ ㄑㄧˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gǒucǐ
    • Wade–Giles: kou³-chʻi³
    • Yale: gǒu-chǐ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: goouchii
    • Palladius: гоуци (gouci)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /koʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡ɕʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: gau² gei²
    • Yale: gáu géi
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gau² gei²
    • Guangdong Romanization: geo² géi²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɐu̯³⁵ kei̯³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiéu-kí
    • Hakka Romanization System: gieu^ˋ gi^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: gieu³ gi³
    • Sinological IPA: /ki̯eu̯³¹ ki³¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kó͘-kí
    • Tâi-lô: kóo-kí
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kofkie
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ki⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ki⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kió-kí
    • Tâi-lô: kió-kí
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kioy'kie
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kio⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ki⁵⁵⁴/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁵keu-ci
    • MiniDict: keu^去 ci
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²keu-ji
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kɤ³³ t͡ɕi⁴⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: kuwX khiX

Rime
Character	枸	杞
Reading #	3/3	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	侯 (137)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	古厚切	墟里切
Baxter	kuwX	khiX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kəuX/	/kʰɨX/
Pan Wuyun	/kəuX/	/kʰɨX/
Shao Rongfen	/kəuX/	/kʰieX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kəwX/	/kʰɨX/
Li Rong	/kuX/	/kʰiəX/
Wang Li	/kəuX/	/kʰĭəX/
Bernard Karlgren	/kə̯uX/	/kʰiX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gǒu	qǐ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gau2	hei2

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*koːʔ  kʰɯʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	枸	杞
Reading #	2/3	1/1
No.	7071	5769
Phonetic component	句	己
Rime group	侯	之
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	苟	起
Old Chinese	/*koːʔ/	/*kʰɯʔ/

Noun

枸杞

1. Chinese wolfberry (Lycium barbarum)

Synonyms

• (Hokkien) 甘杞

Derived terms

• 枸杞子 (gǒuqǐzǐ, “goji berry”)

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (枸杞):

• → Japanese: 枸杞(くこ) (kuko)
• → Korean: 구기(枸杞) (gugi)

Others:

• → English: goji
• → Malay: kauki, koki
• → Thai: เก๋ากี้ (gǎo-gîi)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
枸	杞
く Hyōgai	こ Hyōgai
on'yomi

Noun

枸(く)杞(こ) or 枸杞(クコ) • (kuko) 

1. goji berry, wolfberry

Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary).

Korean

Hanja in this term
枸	杞

Noun

枸杞 • (gugi) (hangeul 구기)

1. hanja form^? of 구기 (“Chinese wolfberry”)