枸杞

Chinese

			(willow); name of a feudal state
simp. and trad. (枸杞)		枸	杞
alternative forms		枸檵 枸忌

wolfberry

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “any connection to Persian گوجه?”)

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gǒuqǐ

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄡˇ ㄑㄧˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gau² gei²
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kiéu-kí
• Min Nan (Hokkien, POJ): kó͘-kí / kió-kí
• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Shanghainese): ⁵keu-ci

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gǒuqǐ [Phonetic: góuqǐ]
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄡˇ ㄑㄧˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gǒucǐ
    • Wade–Giles: kou³-chʻi³
    • Yale: gǒu-chǐ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: goouchii
    • Palladius: гоуци (gouci)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /koʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡ɕʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: gau² gei²
    • Yale: gáu géi
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gau² gei²
    • Guangdong Romanization: geo² géi²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɐu̯³⁵ kei̯³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiéu-kí
    • Hakka Romanization System: gieu` gi`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: gieu³ gi³
    • Sinological IPA: /ki̯eu̯³¹ ki³¹/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kó͘-kí
    • Tâi-lô: kóo-kí
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kofkie
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ki⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ki⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kió-kí
    • Tâi-lô: kió-kí
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kioy'kie
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kio⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ki⁵⁵⁴/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wugniu: ⁵keu-ci
    • Wiktionary Romanisation: ²keu-ji
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɤ³³ t͡ɕi⁴⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: kuwX khiX

Rime
Character	枸	杞
Reading #	3/3	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	侯 (137)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	古厚切	墟里切
Baxter	kuwX	khiX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kəuX/	/kʰɨX/
Pan Wuyun	/kəuX/	/kʰɨX/
Shao Rongfen	/kəuX/	/kʰieX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kəwX/	/kʰɨX/
Li Rong	/kuX/	/kʰiəX/
Wang Li	/kəuX/	/kʰĭəX/
Bernard Karlgren	/kə̯uX/	/kʰiX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gǒu	qǐ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gau2	hei2

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*koːʔ  kʰɯʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	枸	杞
Reading #	2/3	1/1
No.	7071	5769
Phonetic component	句	己
Rime group	侯	之
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	苟	起
Old Chinese	/*koːʔ/	/*kʰɯʔ/

Noun

枸杞

1. Chinese wolfberry (Lycium barbarum)

Synonyms

• (Min Nan) 甘杞

Derived terms

• 枸杞子 (gǒuqǐzǐ, “goji berry”)

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (枸杞):

• → Japanese: 枸杞(くこ) (kuko)
• → Korean: 구기(枸杞) (gugi)

Others:

• → English: goji
• → Thai: เก๋ากี้ (gǎo-gîi)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
枸	杞
く Hyōgaiji	こ Hyōgaiji
on’yomi

Noun

枸(く)杞(こ) • (kuko) 

1. wolfberry

Korean

Hanja in this term
枸	杞

Noun

枸杞 • (gugi) (hangeul 구기)

• Hanja form^? of 구기 (“Chinese wolfberry”).