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橋

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 桥
橋 U+6A4B, 橋
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6A4B
← 橊
[U+6A4A] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 橌 →
[U+6A4C]

Translingual

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Han character

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橋 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+12, 16 strokes, Cangjie input 木竹大月 (DHKB), four-corner 42927, composition ⿰木喬)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 553, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 15526
  • Dae Jaweon: page 941, character 17
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1292, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+6A4B

Chinese

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Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 橋
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (喬) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
驕 *krew
嬌 *krew, *krewʔ, *ɡrew
憍 *krew, *kʰrew
穚 *krew
鷮 *krew, *ɡrew
蕎 *krew, *ɡrew
喬 *krew, *ɡrew
簥 *krew
撟 *krew, *krewʔ
矯 *krewʔ
鱎 *krewʔ
敽 *krewʔ
蟜 *krewʔ, *ɡrew
譑 *krewʔ, *kʰews
蹻 *krewʔ, *kʰew, *ɡrew, *kewɢ, *ɡewɢ
繑 *kʰew
鞽 *kʰrew
趫 *kʰrew, *ɡrew
嘺 *ɡew
橋 *ɡrew
僑 *ɡrew
鐈 *ɡrew
毊 *ɡrew, *qʰrew
轎 *ɡrew, *ɡrews
嶠 *ɡrews
獢 *qʰrew
屩 *kewɢ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡrew): semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 喬 (OC *krew, *ɡrew).

Etymology 1

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trad. 橋
simp. 桥
alternative forms 墧／𰉩
槗
𫞎
𫞏
Wikipedia has articles on:
橋

Possibly related to 撟 (OC *krew, *krewʔ, “to raise; to lift”), 高 (OC *kaːw, “high; tall”) (Liu, 1999).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • kiô - vernacular;
  • kiâu - literary.
Note:
  • gio5 - Shantou, Chaoyang, Jieyang, Raoping, Pontianak;
  • giê5 - Chaozhou, Chenghai.
Rime
Character 橋
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 群 (30)
Final (韻) 宵 (92)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 巨嬌切
Baxter gjew
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɡˠiᴇu/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɡᵚiɛu/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɡiæu/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/giaw/
Li
Rong 		/ɡjɛu/
Wang
Li 		/ɡĭɛu/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/gi̯ɛu/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		qiáo
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		kiu4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 橋
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		qiáo
Middle
Chinese 		‹ gjew ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[ɡ](r)aw/
English bridge

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 橋
Reading # 1/1
No. 10351
Phonetic
component 		喬
Rime
group 		宵
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		喬
Old
Chinese 		/*ɡrew/

Definitions

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橋

  1. (countable) bridge (over a river) (Classifier: 座 m c mn; 道 m g; 條／条 c h mn mn-t; 戙 c; 板 h mn)
    橋樑／桥梁  ―  qiáoliáng  ―  bridge
    廊橋／廊桥  ―  lángqiáo  ―  covered bridge
  2. (countable) bridge-like object: footbridge; beam; crosspiece
  3. a surname
Synonyms
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Dialectal synonyms of 橋 (“bridge”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 樑, 橋
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 橋, 橋樑
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 橋
Taiwan 橋
Singapore 橋
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 橋
Central Plains Mandarin Xi'an 橋
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 橋
Wuhan 橋
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 橋
Hefei 橋
Cantonese Guangzhou 橋
Hong Kong 橋
Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) 橋
Macau 橋
Guangzhou (Panyu) 橋
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 橋
Guangzhou (Conghua) 橋
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 橋
Foshan 橋
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 橋
Foshan (Shunde) 橋
Foshan (Sanshui) 橋
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 橋
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 橋
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 橋
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 橋
Zhuhai (Doumen) 橋
Jiangmen (Baisha) 橋
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 橋
Taishan 橋
Kaiping (Chikan) 橋
Enping (Niujiang) 橋
Heshan (Yayao) 橋
Dongguan 橋
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 橋
Yangjiang 橋
Singapore (Guangfu) 橋
Gan Nanchang 橋
Hakka Meixian 橋
Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) 橋
Dongguan (Qingxi) 橋
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 橋
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 橋
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 橋
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 橋
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 橋
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 橋
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 橋
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 橋
Jin Taiyuan 橋
Northern Min Jian'ou 橋
Eastern Min Fuzhou 橋
Southern Min Xiamen 橋
Singapore (Hokkien) 橋
Manila (Hokkien) 橋
Chaozhou 橋
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 橋
Wu Shanghai 橋
Suzhou 橋
Wenzhou 橋
Xiang Changsha 橋
Shuangfeng 橋

Compounds

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Descendants

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  • → Proto-Hmong-Mien: *ɟow
  • → Vietnamese: cầu
  • → Zhuang: giuz

Etymology 2

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trad. 橋
simp. 桥

Changed tone variant of etymology 1.

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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橋

  1. (Cantonese, countable) idea; plan (Classifier: 條／条 c)
  2. (Cantonese, countable) plot; storyline (Classifier: 條／条 c)
Compounds
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Etymology 3

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trad. 橋
simp. 桥

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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橋

  1. (Cantonese) alternative form of 巧 (kiu2, “coincidental”)

References

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Japanese

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Alternative forms

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  • (variant) 𣘺 [U+2363a]
  • (variant) 槗 [U+69d7]
  • (variant) 𫞎 [U+2B78E]

Kanji

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橋

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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  • Go-on: ぎょう (gyō)←げう (geu, historical)
  • Kan-on: きょう (kyō, Jōyō)←けう (keu, historical)
  • Kun: はし (hashi, 橋, Jōyō)
  • Nanori: ばせ (base)

Compounds

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Etymology

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Kanji in this term
橋
はし
Grade: 3
kun'yomi
 橋 on Japanese Wikipedia

/pasi/ → /ɸasi/ → /hasi/

From Old Japanese, originally indicating either the area between two things, or a connection between two things.[1]

Cognate with 階 (hashi, “stairs from a garden up to the house”), both cognate with root hasa indicating the narrow area between two things, as in 狭間 (classical hasama, modern hazama, “narrow gap between two things”) or 挟む (hasamu, “to put between two things that are close together, to squeeze between two things”).[1] Cognate also with root hoso indicating the narrowness of a thing itself, as in 細い (hosoi, “narrow, slender”), 細める (hosomeru, “to narrow something, to make something narrow”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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橋(はし) • (hashi) 

  1. a bridge
    Synonym: 橋梁 (kyōryō)
  2. (architecture) a bridge-like walkway or corridor between two buildings in a manor, palace, castle, or similar structure
    Synonyms: 渡り廊下 (watari-rōka), 渡殿 (watadono), 長橋 (nagahashi)
  3. a person who acts as a bridge between different people: a mediator, a go-between
    Synonyms: 仲立ち (nakadachi), 仲介 (chūkai)

Derived terms

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Derived terms

References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988), 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
  3. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000–2002, →ISBN
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Unknown (794), Yoshinori Kobayashi, editor, Shin'yaku Kegonkyō Ongi Shiki (Kojisho Ongi Shūsei) (in Japanese), volume 1, Kyūko Shoin, published 1978, →ISBN.

Korean

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Hanja

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橋 (eumhun 다리 교 (dari gyo))

  1. hanja form? of 교 (“bridge”)

橋 (eumhun 빠를 고 (ppareul go))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Miyako

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Kanji

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橋

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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Etymology

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Cognate with Japanese 橋(はし) (hashi).

Noun

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橋(ぱㇲ) (pas) 

  1. a bridge

Vietnamese

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Han character

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橋: Hán Việt readings: kiều[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]
橋: Nôm readings: cầu[1][2][3][4][5][6][7], kèo[1][3][4][5][6][7], kiêu[2]

  1. chữ Nôm form of cầu (“bridge”)
  2. chữ Nôm form of kèo (“rafter, a supporting structure in the house”)

References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Trần (2004).
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Hồ (1976).
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Bonet (1899).
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Génibrel (1898).
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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