正直

Chinese

		just (right); main; upright just (right); main; upright; straight; correct; principle; Chinese 1st month of year	straight; vertical; frank straight; vertical; frank; directly; straightly; upright
simp. and trad. (正直)		正	直

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhèngzhí

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄥˋ ㄓˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zing³ zik⁶
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): chṳn-chhṳ̍t

  (Hailu, HRS): zhin^ˇ chid^ˋ

• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): chiàⁿ-ti̍t

  (Teochew, Peng'im): zian³ dêg⁸

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhèngzhí
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄥˋ ㄓˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhèngjhíh
    • Wade–Giles: chêng⁴-chih²
    • Yale: jèng-jŕ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jenqjyr
    • Palladius: чжэнчжи (čžɛnčži)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵/
    • Homophones:

      edit edit 正值 正直 正職 / 正职

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: zing³ zik⁶
    • Yale: jing jihk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzing³ dzik⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: jing³ jig⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɪŋ³³ t͡sɪk̚²/
    • Homophones:

      edit edit 正值 正直

• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chṳn-chhṳ̍t
    • Hakka Romanization System: ziin ciid
    • Hagfa Pinyim: zin⁴ cid⁶
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sɨn⁵⁵ t͡sʰɨt̚⁵/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: zhin^ˇ chid^ˋ
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡ʃin¹¹ t͡ʃʰit²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiàⁿ-ti̍t
    • Tâi-lô: tsiànn-ti̍t
    • Phofsit Daibuun: cviardit
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /t͡siã²¹⁻⁵³ tit̚⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siã⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tit̚²⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siã²¹⁻⁵³ tit̚¹²¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei): /t͡siã¹¹⁻⁵³ tit̚⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siã²¹⁻⁴¹ tit̚⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: zian³ dêg⁸
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsiàⁿ te̍k
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sĩã²¹³⁻⁵⁵ tek̚⁴/

Note: zian3 dêg8 - Jieyang.

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• Middle Chinese: tsyengH drik

Rime
Character	正	直
Reading #	2/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	章 (23)	澄 (11)
Final (韻)	清 (121)	職 (134)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	之盛切	除力切
Baxter	tsyengH	drik
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕiᴇŋH/	/ɖɨk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕiɛŋH/	/ɖɨk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕiæŋH/	/ȡiek̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ciajŋH/	/ɖik̚/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕiɛŋH/	/ȡiək̚/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕĭɛŋH/	/ȡĭək̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡ɕi̯ɛŋH/	/ȡʱi̯ək̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhèng	zhí
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zing3	zik6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*teŋ-s  N-t<r>ək/

  (Zhengzhang): /*tjeŋs  dɯɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	正	直
Reading #	2/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhèng	zhí
Middle Chinese	‹ tsyengH ›	‹ drik ›
Old Chinese	/*teŋ-s/	/*N-t<r>ək/
English	correct (adj., v.)	straight
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	正	直
Reading #	2/2	1/1
No.	17178	17269
Phonetic component	正	直
Rime group	耕	職
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	政	直
Old Chinese	/*tjeŋs/	/*dɯɡ/
Notes		金文象目測枉材以取直而會意

Adjective

正直

1. having personal integrity; upright
2. (literary, literally) orderly and straight

   • 予見天下州之為唐舊治者，其城郭必皆寬廣，街道必皆正直，廨舍之為唐舊創者，其基址必皆宏敞。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
     予见天下州之为唐旧治者，其城郭必皆宽广，街道必皆正直，廨舍之为唐旧创者，其基址必皆宏敞。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]

     From: 1670, 顧炎武,《日知録》

     Yú jiàn tiānxià zhōu zhī wéi Táng jiùzhì zhě, qí chéngguō bì jiē kuānguǎng, jiēdào bì jiē zhèngzhí, xièshè zhī wéi Táng jiù chuàng zhě, qí jīzhǐ bì jiē hóngchǎng. [Pinyin]

     I have observed that in the places where the administrative centers of the prefectures in the empire were established during the Tang dynasty, the city walls must be broad and expansive, and the roads and streets are invariably straight and in good order. As for the official buildings founded since then, their foundations are always spacious and grand.

Synonyms

edit

• 剛正 / 刚正 (gāngzhèng)
• 剛直 / 刚直 (gāngzhí)
• 悻直 (xìngzhí) (literary)
• 方正 (fāngzhèng)
• 樸直 / 朴直 (pǔzhí)
• 正大 (zhèngdà)
• 正派 (zhèngpài)
• 正當 / 正当
• 正經 / 正经
• 硬直 (Hokkien)
• 端 (duān)
• 端正 (duānzhèng)
• 耿介 (gěngjiè) (literary)
• 耿直 (gěngzhí)

Derived terms

• 正直清廉
• 正直無私 / 正直无私
• 正直無邪 / 正直无邪

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (正直):

• → Japanese: 正直(しょうじき) (shōjiki)
• → Korean: 정직(正直) (jeongjik)
• → Vietnamese: chính trực (正直)

Adverb

正直

1. Misspelling of 正值 (zhèngzhí, “just happen; just at the time of”).

Noun

正直

1. Misspelling of 正值 (zhèngzhí, “positive value”).

Japanese

Kanji in this term
正	直
しょう Grade: 1	じき Grade: 2
goon

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɕo̞ːʑikʲi]
• (Tokyo) しょーじき [shòójíꜜkì] (Nakadaka – [3])
• (Tokyo) しょーじき [shòójíkíꜜ] (Odaka – [4])

Adjective

正(しょう)直(じき) • (shōjiki) -na (adnominal 正(しょう)直(じき)な (shōjiki na), adverbial 正(しょう)直(じき)に (shōjiki ni))

1. honest (scrupulous with regard to telling the truth)

   正直(しょうじき)に話(はな)す ― shōjiki ni hanasu ― to speak honestly

   正直(しょうじき)なところ、どうでもいい。 ― Shōjiki na tokoro, dō demo ii. ― To be honest, I don't care.

Inflection

Inflection of 正直

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	正直だろ	しょうじきだろ	shōjiki daro
Continuative (連用形)	正直で	しょうじきで	shōjiki de
Terminal (終止形)	正直だ	しょうじきだ	shōjiki da
Attributive (連体形)	正直な	しょうじきな	shōjiki na
Hypothetical (仮定形)	正直なら	しょうじきなら	shōjiki nara
Imperative (命令形)	正直であれ	しょうじきであれ	shōjiki de are
Key constructions
Informal negative	正直ではない 正直じゃない	しょうじきではない しょうじきじゃない	shōjiki de wa nai shōjiki ja nai
Informal past	正直だった	しょうじきだった	shōjiki datta
Informal negative past	正直ではなかった 正直じゃなかった	しょうじきではなかった しょうじきじゃなかった	shōjiki de wa nakatta shōjiki ja nakatta
Formal	正直です	しょうじきです	shōjiki desu
Formal negative	正直ではありません 正直じゃありません	しょうじきではありません しょうじきじゃありません	shōjiki de wa arimasen shōjiki ja arimasen
Formal past	正直でした	しょうじきでした	shōjiki deshita
Formal negative past	正直ではありませんでした 正直じゃありませんでした	しょうじきではありませんでした しょうじきじゃありませんでした	shōjiki de wa arimasen deshita shōjiki ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive	正直で	しょうじきで	shōjiki de
Conditional	正直なら（ば）	しょうじきなら（ば）	shōjiki nara (ba)
Provisional	正直だったら	しょうじきだったら	shōjiki dattara
Volitional	正直だろう	しょうじきだろう	shōjiki darō
Adverbial	正直に	しょうじきに	shōjiki ni
Degree	正直さ	しょうじきさ	shōjikisa

Noun

正(しょう)直(じき) • (shōjiki) 

1. honesty

Derived terms

• 三度目(さんどめ)の正直(しょうじき) (sandome no shōjiki)

Adverb

正(しょう)直(じき) • (shōjiki) 

1. honestly, to tell the truth

References

• “正直”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Hanja in this term
正	直

Noun

正直 • (jeongjik) (hangeul 정직)

1. hanja form^? of 정직 (“honesty”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
正	直

Adjective

正直

1. chữ Hán form of chính trực (“honorable”)