民主
Contents
Chinese[edit]
the people; nationality; citizen |
to own; to host; master; lord; primary
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simp. and trad. (民主) |
民 | 主 |
Etymology[edit]
- “democracy; democratic”
- Purposed in the mid-1860s during the translation of the book Elements of International Law.
Pronunciation[edit]
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): man4 zyu2
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): mìn-chú
- Min Dong (BUC): mìng-ciō
- Min Nan
- Wu (Wiktionary): min tsr (T3)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄣˊ ㄓㄨˇ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: minjuu
- IPA (key): /min³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: man4 zyu2
- Yale: màhn jyú
- Cantonese Pinyin: man4 dzy2
- Guangdong Romanization: men4 ju2
- IPA (key): /mɐn²¹ t͡ɕyː³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mìn-chú
- Hakka Romanization System: minˇ zu`
- Hagfa Pinyim: min2 zu3
- IPA: /min¹¹ t͡su³¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: mìng-ciō
- IPA (key): /miŋ⁵³⁻³³ (t͡s-)ʒuo³³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: min tsr (T3)
- IPA (key): /mɪɲ²² t͡sz̩⁴⁴/
- (Shanghainese)
Rime | ||
---|---|---|
Character | 民 | 主 |
Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
Initial (聲) | 明 (4) | 章 (23) |
Final (韻) | 眞 (43) | 虞 (24) |
Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Rising (X) |
Openness (開合) | Open | Closed |
Division (等) | III | III |
Fanqie | 彌鄰切 | 之庾切 |
Reconstructions | ||
Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/miɪn/ | /t͡ɕɨoX/ |
Pan Wuyun |
/min/ | /t͡ɕioX/ |
Shao Rongfen |
/mjen/ | /t͡ɕioX/ |
Edwin Pulleyblank |
/min/ | /cuə̆X/ |
Li Rong |
/miĕn/ | /t͡ɕioX/ |
Wang Li |
/mĭĕn/ | /t͡ɕĭuX/ |
Bernard Karlgren |
/mi̯ĕn/ | /t͡ɕi̯uX/ |
Expected Mandarin Reflex |
mín | zhǔ |
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||
---|---|---|
Character | 民 | 主 |
Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
mín | zhǔ |
Middle Chinese |
‹ mjin › | ‹ tsyuX › |
Old Chinese |
/*mi[ŋ]/ | /*toʔ/ |
English | people | master; host |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; |
Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
---|---|---|
Character | 民 | 主 |
Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
No. | 9130 | 17618 |
Phonetic component |
民 | 主 |
Rime group |
眞 | 侯 |
Rime subdivision |
1 | 0 |
Corresponding MC rime |
民 | 主 |
Old Chinese |
/*min/ | /*tjoʔ/ |
Noun[edit]
民主
- monarch
- functionary; official
- democracy
-
美國終於產生了歷史上第一位黑人總統巴拉克·奧巴馬,這對於美國的民主政治具有劃時代的意義。 [MSC, trad.]
美国终于产生了历史上第一位黑人总统巴拉克·奥巴马,这对于美国的民主政治具有划时代的意义。 [MSC, simp.]- From: 2008: 周琪 (Zhou Qi), 【美国大选观察】奥巴马为什么大胜? ([Observations on the American Elections] Why did Obama have a great victory?)
- Měiguó zhōngyú chǎnshēng le lìshǐ shàng dì yī wèi hēirén zǒngtǒng Bālākè Àobāmǎ, zhè duìyú měiguó de mínzhǔ zhèngzhì jùyǒu huàshídài de yìyì. [Pinyin]
- The historic election of the US’s first black president, Barack Obama, marked an epoch in the history of American democracy.
Synonyms[edit]
Adjective[edit]
民主
Derived terms[edit]
Japanese[edit]
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
民 | 主 |
みん Grade: 4 |
しゅ Grade: 3 |
on’yomi |
Etymology[edit]
From Sinitic 民主. Purposed in China in the mid-1860s, giving the word a new meaning, during the translation of the book Elements of International Law into Chinese.[1]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
民主 (hiragana みんしゅ, rōmaji minshu)
Synonyms[edit]
- 民主主義 (minshushugi) (more commonly used)
Compounds[edit]
- 民主党 (minshutō): democratic party
- 民主的 (minshuteki): democratic
References[edit]
- ^ Chen, Sheng Bao (1996-12-17), “中国語の中の日本語 (Chinese Borrowings from the Japanese Language), paper presented at the Japanese Language Research Forum held by the International Research Center for Japanese Studies”, in (Please provide the title of the work)[1] (in Japanese), International Research Center for Japanese Studies, retrieved 2012-06-15: “古代漢語のことばを利用して訳したものだが、本来の意味とは違うもの。...「民主」”
Korean[edit]
Hanja in this term | |
---|---|
民 | 主 |
Noun[edit]
Categories:
- Mandarin terms with audio links
- Middle Chinese lemmas
- Old Chinese lemmas
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Hakka lemmas
- Min Dong lemmas
- Min Nan lemmas
- Teochew lemmas
- Wu lemmas
- Chinese nouns
- Mandarin nouns
- Cantonese nouns
- Hakka nouns
- Min Dong nouns
- Min Nan nouns
- Teochew nouns
- Wu nouns
- Chinese adjectives
- Mandarin adjectives
- Cantonese adjectives
- Hakka adjectives
- Min Dong adjectives
- Min Nan adjectives
- Teochew adjectives
- Wu adjectives
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese usage examples with the translation missing
- Chinese terms with quotations
- Chinese terms with usage examples
- Elementary Mandarin
- zh:Politics
- zh:Democracy
- Japanese terms spelled with 民 read as みん
- Japanese terms spelled with 主 read as しゅ
- Japanese terms read with on'yomi
- Japanese terms derived from Sinitic languages
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji
- Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji
- Japanese terms written with two Han script characters
- Korean lemmas
- Korean nouns
- Korean Han characters
- Korean nouns in Han script