民主

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Chinese[edit]

the people; nationality; citizen
 
to own; to host; master; lord; primary
simp. and trad.
(民主)		 民 主

Etymology[edit]

“democracy; democratic”
Purposed in the mid-1860s during the translation of the book Elements of International Law.

Pronunciation[edit]

Rime
Character 民 主
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial (聲) 明 (4) 章 (23)
Final (韻) 眞 (43) 虞 (24)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open Closed
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 彌鄰切 之庾切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /miɪn/ /t͡ɕɨoX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /min/ /t͡ɕioX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /mjen/ /t͡ɕioX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /min/ /cuə̆X/
Li
Rong		 /miĕn/ /t͡ɕioX/
Wang
Li		 /mĭĕn/ /t͡ɕĭuX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /mi̯ĕn/ /t͡ɕi̯uX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 mín zhǔ
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 民 主
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 mín zhǔ
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ mjin › ‹ tsyuX ›
Old
Chinese		 /*mi[ŋ]/ /*toʔ/
English people master; host

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 民 主
Reading # 1/1 1/1
No. 9130 17618
Phonetic
component		 民 主
Rime
group		 眞 侯
Rime
subdivision		 1 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 民 主
Old
Chinese		 /*min/ /*tjoʔ/

Noun[edit]

民主

  1. monarch
  2. functionary; official
  3. democracy
    君主者，權偏於上；民主者，權偏於下。 [MSC, trad.]
    君主者，权偏于上；民主者，权偏于下。 [MSC, simp.]
    From: 鄭觀應《盛世危言•議院》 (1893)
    Jūnzhǔ zhě, quán piān yú shàng; mínzhǔ zhě, quán piān yú xià. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this example)
    美國終於產生了歷史上第一位黑人總統巴拉克·奧巴馬，這對於美國的民主政治具有劃時代的意義。 [MSC, trad.]
    美国终于产生了历史上第一位黑人总统巴拉克·奥巴马，这对于美国的民主政治具有划时代的意义。 [MSC, simp.]
    From: 2008: 周琪 (Zhou Qi), 【美国大选观察】奥巴马为什么大胜？ ([Observations on the American Elections] Why did Obama have a great victory?)
    Měiguó zhōngyú chǎnshēng le lìshǐ shàng dì yī wèi hēirén zǒngtǒng Bālākè Àobāmǎ, zhè duìyú měiguó de mínzhǔ zhèngzhì jùyǒu huàshídài de yìyì. [Pinyin]
    The historic election of the US’s first black president, Barack Obama, marked an epoch in the history of American democracy.

Synonyms[edit]

Adjective[edit]

民主

  1. democratic
    民主協商 / 民主协商  ―  mínzhǔ xiéshāng  ―  democratic consultation

Derived terms[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji in this term
民 主
みん
Grade: 4		 しゅ
Grade: 3
on’yomi

Etymology[edit]

From Sinitic 民主. Purposed in China in the mid-1860s, giving the word a new meaning, during the translation of the book Elements of International Law into Chinese.[1]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

民主 (hiragana みんしゅ, rōmaji minshu)

  1. democracy

Synonyms[edit]

Compounds[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Chen, Sheng Bao (1996-12-17), “中国語の中の日本語 (Chinese Borrowings from the Japanese Language), paper presented at the Japanese Language Research Forum held by the International Research Center for Japanese Studies”, in (Please provide the title of the work)‎[1] (in Japanese), International Research Center for Japanese Studies, retrieved 2012-06-15: “古代漢語のことばを利用して訳したものだが、本来の意味とは違うもの。...「民主」”

Korean[edit]

Hanja in this term
民 主

Noun[edit]

民主 • (minju) (hangeul 민주)

  1. Hanja form? of 민주, “democracy”.
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