民國

Chinese

		the people; nationality; citizen	country; state; nation
trad. (民國)		民	國
simp. (民国)		民	国
anagram		國民／国民

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): mínguó

  (Zhuyin): ㄇㄧㄣˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): min² gue²

  (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): мингуй (minguy, I-II)

• Cantonese (Jyutping): man⁴ gwok³
• Gan (Wiktionary): min⁴ guet⁶
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): mìn-koet

  (Hailu, HRS): min gued

• Jin (Wiktionary): ming¹ gueh⁶
• Eastern Min (BUC): mìng-guók
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ming² gorh⁶
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): bîn-kok

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ming⁵ gog⁴

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶min-koq
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): min² gue⁶

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: mínguó
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄣˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: mínguó
    • Wade–Giles: min²-kuo²
    • Yale: mín-gwó
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mingwo
    • Palladius: миньго (minʹgo)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /min³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: min² gue²
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: mingue
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /min²¹ kuɛ²¹/
  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: мингуй (minguy, I-II)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /miŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: man⁴ gwok³
    • Yale: màhn gwok
    • Cantonese Pinyin: man⁴ gwok⁸
    • Guangdong Romanization: men⁴ guog³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɐn²¹ kʷɔːk̚³/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: min⁴ guet⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /min³⁵ kuɛt̚⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mìn-koet
    • Hakka Romanization System: min^ˇ gued^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: min² gued⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /min¹¹ ku̯et̚²/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: min gued
    • Sinological IPA: /min⁵⁵ kuet⁵/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: ming¹ gueh⁶
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /miŋ¹¹ kuəʔ²/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: mìng-guók
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /miŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ^(k-)ŋuɔʔ²⁴/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: ming² gorh⁶ [Phonetic: ming⁴ gorh⁶]
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: míng-go̤h
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /miŋ¹³⁻⁴² kɒʔ²¹/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: ming² gorh⁶ [Phonetic: ming⁴ gorh⁶]
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /miŋ²⁴⁻⁴² kɒʔ²/
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: ming² gorh⁶ [Phonetic: ming⁴ ngorh⁶]
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: míng-go̤h
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /miŋ¹³⁻⁴² ^(k-)ŋɒʔ²¹/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: ming² gorh⁶ [Phonetic: ming⁴ ngorh⁶]
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /miŋ²⁴⁻⁴² ^(k-)ŋɒʔ²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bîn-kok
    • Tâi-lô: bîn-kok
    • Phofsit Daibuun: binkog
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /bin²⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /bin²⁴⁻²² kɔk̚⁵/
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /bin¹³⁻²² kɔk̚³²/
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei): /bin²⁴⁻¹¹ kɔk̚³²/
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /bin²³⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ming⁵ gog⁴
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: mîng kok
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /miŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kok̚²/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶min-koq
    • MiniDict: min^去 koh
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³min-koq
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /min²² koʔ⁴⁴/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: min² gue⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /min¹³ ku̯ɤ̞²⁴/

Noun

民國

1. republic

   中華民國／中华民国  ―  Zhōnghuámínguó  ―  Republic of China

   大韓民國／大韩民国  ―  Dàhánmínguó  ―  Republic of Korea

   民國大馬路／民国大马路  ―  Mínguó dàmǎlù  ―  Avenida da República (road in Macau) (literally, “Republic Avenue”)

   • 1924, “National Anthem of the Republic of China”, Sun Yat-sen (lyrics):

     以建民國，以進大同。 [MSC, trad.]
     以建民国，以进大同。 [MSC, simp.]

     Yǐ jiàn mínguó, yǐ jìn dàtóng. [Pinyin]

     To establish the republic, to foster great unity.

Dynasties (朝代) in Chinese history
Name	Time period	Divisions
Xia 夏 (～朝, ～代)	2070 – 1600 BCE
Shang 商 (～朝, ～代) 殷 (～朝, ～代)	1600 – 1046 BCE
Zhou 周 (～朝, ～代)	1046 – 256 BCE	Western Zhou 西周
		Eastern Zhou 東周 / 东周	Spring and Autumn period 春秋
			Warring States period 戰國 / 战国
Qin 秦 (～朝, ～代)	221 – 206 BCE
Han 漢 / 汉 (～朝, ～代)	206 BCE – 220 CE	Western Han 西漢 / 西汉
		Xin 新 (～朝)
		Eastern Han 東漢 / 东汉
Three Kingdoms 三國 / 三国	220 – 280 CE	Wei 魏
		Shu Han 蜀漢 / 蜀汉
		Wu 吳 / 吴
Jin 晉 / 晋 (～朝, ～代)	265 – 420 CE	Western Jin 西晉 / 西晋
		Eastern Jin 東晉 / 东晋
Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝	420 – 589 CE	Northern dynasties 北朝	Northern Wei 北魏
			Western Wei 西魏
			Eastern Wei 東魏 / 东魏
			Northern Zhou 北周
			Northern Qi 北齊 / 北齐
		Southern dynasties 南朝	Liu Song 劉宋 / 刘宋
			Southern Qi 南齊 / 南齐
			Liang 梁 (～朝, ～代)
			Chen 陳 / 陈 (～朝, ～代)
Sui 隋 (～朝, ～代)	581 – 618 CE
Tang 唐 (～朝, ～代)	618 – 907 CE
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms 五代十國 / 五代十国	907 – 960 CE
Liao 遼 / 辽 (～朝, ～代)	907 – 1125 CE
Song 宋 (～朝, ～代)	960 – 1279 CE	Northern Song 北宋
		Southern Song 南宋
Western Xia 西夏	1038 – 1227 CE
Jin 金 (～朝, ～代)	1115 – 1234 CE
Western Liao 西遼 / 西辽	1124 – 1218 CE
Yuan 元 (～朝, ～代)	1271 – 1368 CE
Ming 明 (～朝, ～代)	1368 – 1644 CE
Qing 清 (～朝, ～代)	1636 – 1912 CE
Republic of China 中華民國 / 中华民国	1912 CE – present	Note: In Chinese contexts
People's Republic of China 中華人民共和國 / 中华人民共和国	1949 CE – present	Note: In Chinese contexts

Usage notes

• 民國／民国 (mínguó) is usually used to refer to the Republic of China or the Republic of Korea. For other republics, 共和國／共和国 (gònghéguó) is used.

Synonyms

• 共和國／共和国 (gònghéguó)

Derived terms

• 中華民國 / 中华民国 (Zhōnghuá Mínguó)
• 大韓民國 / 大韩民国 (Dàhán Mínguó)

Descendants

• → Peranakan Indonesian: binkok
• → Solon: irḡeng gurung (calque)
• → Manchu: ᡳᡵᡤᡝᠨ
  ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ (irgen gurun) (calque)

Proper noun

民國

1. short for 中華民國／中华民国 (Zhōnghuá Mínguó, “Republic of China”)
2. (chiefly Mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau) Republic of China during 1912–1949 before its retreat to Taiwan
3. the Republic of China era (a Chinese era name; the era beginning with the founding of the Republic of China in 1912)

   民國105年／民国105年  ―  Mínguó 105 nián  ―  105th year of the Republic era (i.e. 2016 A.D.)

Descendants

• → Bouyei: Minfguef
• → Zhuang: Minzgoz

Japanese

Kanji in this term
民	國
みん Grade: 4	こく Jinmeiyō
on'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 民國 – see the following entry.

【民国みんこく】 [noun] a republic, now only either the Republic of China or the Republic of Korea [suffix] (Internet slang, derogatory, offensive, with place name) suffix that indicates many 在(ざい)日(にち) (zainichi) live in the area

(This term, 民國, is the kyūjitai of the above term.)

Korean

Hanja in this term
民	國

Noun

民國 • (min'guk) (hangeul 민국)

1. hanja form^? of 민국 (“republic”)

Okinawan

Kanji in this term
民	國
みん Grade: 4	くく Jinmeiyō

Noun

民(みん)國(くく) (minkuku) 

1. Kyūjitai form of 民国 (“republic”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
民	國

Noun

民國

1. chữ Hán form of dân quốc (“republic”)

Zhuang

Noun

民國

1. Sawndip form of minzgoz