泛濫

See also: 泛滥, 汎濫, and 氾濫

Chinese

		float; general; vague	excessive; indiscriminate
trad. (泛濫/氾濫/汎濫)		泛/氾/汎	濫
simp. (泛滥/氾滥)		泛/氾	滥

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): fànlàn

  (Zhuyin): ㄈㄢˋ ㄌㄢˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): faan³ laam⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): fam-lam
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hoàn-lām

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: fànlàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄈㄢˋ ㄌㄢˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: fànlàn
    • Wade–Giles: fan⁴-lan⁴
    • Yale: fàn-làn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fannlann
    • Palladius: фаньлань (fanʹlanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fän⁵¹⁻⁵³ län⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: faan³ laam⁶
    • Yale: faan laahm
    • Cantonese Pinyin: faan³ laam⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: fan³ lam⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /faːn³³ laːm²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fam-lam
    • Hakka Romanization System: fam lam
    • Hagfa Pinyim: fam⁴ lam⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /fam⁵⁵ lam⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hoàn-lām
    • Tâi-lô: huàn-lām
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hoarnlam
    • IPA (Xiamen): /huan²¹⁻⁵³ lam²²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /huan⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lam⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /huan²¹⁻⁵³ lam²²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /huan¹¹⁻⁵³ lam³³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /huan²¹⁻⁴¹ lam³³/

---

• Middle Chinese: phjomH lamH

Rime
Character	泛	濫
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	滂 (2)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	凡 (146)	談 (143)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	III	I
Fanqie	孚梵切	盧𣊟切
Baxter	phjomH	lamH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pʰɨɐmH/	/lɑmH/
Pan Wuyun	/pʰiɐmH/	/lɑmH/
Shao Rongfen	/pʰiɐmH/	/lɑmH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pʰuamH/	/lamH/
Li Rong	/pʰiɐmH/	/lɑmH/
Wang Li	/pʰĭwɐmH/	/lɑmH/
Bernard Karlgren	/pʰi̯wɐmH/	/lɑmH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fàn	làn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	faan3	laam6

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*pʰoms  ɡ·raːms/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	泛
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	fàn
Middle Chinese	‹ phjomH ›
Old Chinese	/*pʰ(r)[o]m-s/
English	to float
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	泛	濫
Reading #	1/2	1/2
No.	2844	6094
Phonetic component	乏	監
Rime group	談	談
Rime subdivision	3	1
Corresponding MC rime	汎
Old Chinese	/*pʰoms/	/*ɡ·raːms/

Verb

泛濫

1. to flood; to inundate; to overflow
2. (figurative, of something bad) to spread unchecked; to run rampant
3. (archaic) to float and sink in the water

Synonyms

• (to spread unchecked): (literary) 濫觴／滥觞 (lànshāng)

Adjective

泛濫

1. (archaic) widespread; extensive; wide-ranging

Synonyms

• 共通 (gòngtōng)
• 廣／广
• 廣泛／广泛 (guǎngfàn)
• 普通 (pǔtōng)
• 普遍
• 流行 (liúxíng)
• 遍 (literary, or in compounds)

 

Derived terms

• 泛濫博文／泛滥博文
• 泛濫平原／泛滥平原
• 泛濫成災／泛滥成灾 (fànlànchéngzāi)
• 自由泛濫／自由泛滥

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (泛濫):

• → Japanese: 氾濫(はんらん) (hanran)
• → Korean: 범람(汎濫) (beomnam)

Others

• → Lingao: fam² lam²

Japanese

Kanji in this term
泛	濫
はん Hyōgaiji	らん Grade: S
on’yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 泛濫 – see the following entry.

【氾濫はんらん】 [noun] for water levels to increase and overflow; a flood, flooding [noun] for many undesirable things to appear; an overflow [verb] to flood, to overflow Alternative spellings 汎濫, はん濫

(This term, 泛濫, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)