混乱
Appearance
See also: 混亂
Chinese
[edit]| For pronunciation and definitions of 混乱 – see 混亂 (“chaotic; confused; disordered”). (This term is the simplified form of 混亂). |
Notes:
|
Japanese
[edit]| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 混 | 乱 |
| こん Grade: 5 |
らん Grade: 6 |
| on'yomi | |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 混亂 (kyūjitai) |
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]Synonyms
[edit]- (chaos): 混迷 (konmei)
- (commotion): どさくさ (dosakusa)
- (commotion; tumult): 騒擾 (sōjō), 動乱 (dōran), パニック (panikku)
See also
[edit]- 乱雑 (ranzatsu)
Verb
[edit]混乱する • (konran suru) intransitive suru (stem 混乱し (konran shi), past 混乱した (konran shita))
- to be in disorder
- to be confused
- 2023 June 1, 小林信一, quotee, “第211回国会 参議院 農林水産委員会 第13号 令和5年6月1日”, in 国会会議録検索システム[1], 国立国会図書館:
- 一方では安売りが蔓延するということで、ますます市場が混乱していく。
- Ippō de wa yasuuri ga man'en suru to iu koto de, masumasu shijō ga konran shite iku.
- On the other hand, short selling will become widespread, causing further confusion in the market.
- to be in tumult
Conjugation
[edit]| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 混乱し | こんらんし | konran shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 混乱し | こんらんし | konran shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 混乱する | こんらんする | konran suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 混乱する | こんらんする | konran suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 混乱すれ | こんらんすれ | konran sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 混乱せよ¹ 混乱しろ² |
こんらんせよ¹ こんらんしろ² |
konran seyo¹ konran shiro² |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 混乱される | こんらんされる | konran sareru |
| Causative | 混乱させる 混乱さす |
こんらんさせる こんらんさす |
konran saseru konran sasu |
| Potential | 混乱できる | こんらんできる | konran dekiru |
| Volitional | 混乱しよう | こんらんしよう | konran shiyō |
| Negative | 混乱しない | こんらんしない | konran shinai |
| Negative continuative | 混乱せず | こんらんせず | konran sezu |
| Formal | 混乱します | こんらんします | konran shimasu |
| Perfective | 混乱した | こんらんした | konran shita |
| Conjunctive | 混乱して | こんらんして | konran shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 混乱すれば | こんらんすれば | konran sureba |
¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
References
[edit]- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- “混乱”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][2] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026
- Ineko Kondō, Fumi Takano, Mary E. Althaus, et al. (2002), Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, third edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN
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