漸

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See also: 渐
漸 U+6F38, 漸
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6F38
← 漷
[U+6F37] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 漹 →
[U+6F39]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

漸 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+11, 14 strokes, cangjie input 水十十中 (EJJL), four-corner 32121, composition ⿰氵斬)

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 647, character 14
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18179
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1057, character 13
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1717, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+6F38

Chinese[edit]

trad. 漸
simp. 渐

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (斬) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
慚 *zaːm
慙 *zaːm
鏨 *zaːm, *zaːmʔ, *zaːms, *zeːm, *zamʔ
槧 *zaːmʔ, *sʰam, *sʰams, *zamʔ
暫 *zaːms
蹔 *zaːms
斬 *ʔsreːmʔ
獑 *zeːm, *zaːm
嶃 *zreːmʔ, *zaːm
覱 *ʔsraːms
摲 *sʰraːms
漸 *ʔsam, *zamʔ
塹 *sʰams
壍 *sʰams
嬱 *sʰams
螹 *zam, *zamʔ
蔪 *zamʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ʔsam, *zamʔ): semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 斬 (OC *ʔsreːmʔ).

Etymology 1[edit]

Compare Khmer ជាំ (cŏəm, “wet; soaked; steeped”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation 1[edit]

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 漸
Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕian⁵¹/
Harbin /t͡ɕian⁵³/
Tianjin /t͡ɕian⁵³/
Jinan /t͡ɕiã²¹/
Qingdao /t͡siã⁴²/
Zhengzhou /t͡sian³¹²/
Xi'an /t͡sã⁴⁴/
Xining /t͡sã²¹³/
Yinchuan /t͡ɕian¹³/
Lanzhou /t͡ɕiɛ̃n¹³/
Ürümqi /t͡ɕian²¹³/
Wuhan /t͡ɕiɛn³⁵/
Chengdu /t͡ɕian¹³/
Guiyang /t͡ɕian²¹³/
Kunming /t͡ɕiɛ̃²¹²/
Nanjing /t͡sien⁴⁴/
Hefei /t͡ɕiĩ⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕie⁴⁵/
Pingyao /t͡ɕie̞³⁵/
Hohhot /t͡ɕie⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /ʑi²³/
Suzhou /ziɪ³¹/
Hangzhou /d͡ʑiẽ̞¹³/
Wenzhou /ji²²/
Hui Shexian /t͡sʰe²²/
Tunxi
Xiang Changsha /t͡siẽ⁵⁵/
Xiangtan /t͡siẽ⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang /t͡ɕʰiɛn²¹/
Hakka Meixian /t͡sʰiam⁵³/
Taoyuan /t͡sʰiɑm¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sim²²/
Nanning /t͡sim²²/
Hong Kong /t͡sim²²/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /t͡siam²²/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /t͡sieŋ²⁴²/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /t͡siŋ⁴⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /t͡siam³⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /t͡siam³³/
Rime
Character 漸
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 從 (15)
Final (韻) 鹽 (153)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 慈染切
Baxter dzjemX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/d͡ziᴇmX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/d͡ziɛmX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/d͡zjæmX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/d͡ziamX/
Li
Rong 		/d͡ziɛmX/
Wang
Li 		/d͡zĭɛmX/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/d͡zʱi̯ɛmX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		jiàn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zim6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 漸
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		jiàn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ dzjemX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[dz]amʔ/
English gradually; advance

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 漸
Reading # 2/2
No. 16811
Phonetic
component 		斬
Rime
group 		談
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		漸
Old
Chinese 		/*zamʔ/
Definitions[edit]

漸

  1. † Qiantang River
  2. † to advance gradually
  3. † gradual process
  4. † (of an illness) to aggravate; to worsen
  5. † to dredge; to open a path
  6. † omen
  7. † condition; prerequisite
  8. † sequence; order
  9. gradually
  10. † just when
  11. † immediately; soon after
  12. † when; until
  13. 53rd hexagram of the I Ching
  14. a surname
Compounds[edit]

Pronunciation 2[edit]

Rime
Character 漸
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 精 (13)
Final (韻) 鹽 (153)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 子廉切
Baxter tsjem
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡siᴇm/
Pan
Wuyun 		/t͡siɛm/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡sjæm/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/t͡siam/
Li
Rong 		/t͡siɛm/
Wang
Li 		/t͡sĭɛm/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/t͡si̯ɛm/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		jiān
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zim1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 漸
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		jiān
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tsjem ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[ts]am/
English moisten

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 漸
Reading # 1/2
No. 16804
Phonetic
component 		斬
Rime
group 		談
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		尖
Old
Chinese 		/*ʔsam/
Definitions[edit]

漸

  1. † to flow into
  2. † to bedew
  3. † to soak
  4. † to moisten
  5. † to influence
  6. † to cheat
Compounds[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

For pronunciation and definitions of 漸 – see 潛 (“to go under water; to move under water; to hide; to conceal; etc.”).
(This character, 漸, is a variant form of 潛.)

Etymology 3[edit]

For pronunciation and definitions of 漸 – see 巉 (“precipitous; steep; jagged; towering; overlapping; etc.”).
(This character, 漸, is a variant form of 巉.)

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

漸

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

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Readings[edit]

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

漸 • (jeom, cham) (hangeul 점, 참, revised jeom, cham, McCune–Reischauer chŏm, ch'am, Yale cem, cham)

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Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

漸: Hán Nôm readings: tiệm, tràn, tiêm, tiềm

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