still (as of water); still water | abyss | ||
---|---|---|---|
trad. (澶淵) | 澶 | 淵 | |
simp. (澶渊) | 澶 | 渊 |
Rime | ||
---|---|---|
Character | 澶 | 淵 |
Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
Initial (聲) | 常 (25) | 影 (34) |
Final (韻) | 仙 (77) | 先 (86) |
Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
Openness (開合) | Open | Closed |
Division (等) | III | IV |
Fanqie | 市連切 | 烏玄切 |
Baxter | dzyen | 'wen |
Reconstructions | ||
Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/d͡ʑiᴇn/ | /ʔwen/ |
Pan Wuyun |
/d͡ʑiɛn/ | /ʔʷen/ |
Shao Rongfen |
/d͡ʑjæn/ | /ʔuɛn/ |
Edwin Pulleyblank |
/d͡ʑian/ | /ʔwɛn/ |
Li Rong |
/ʑiɛn/ | /ʔuen/ |
Wang Li |
/ʑĭɛn/ | /iwen/ |
Bernard Karlgren |
/ʑi̯ɛn/ | /ʔiwen/ |
Expected Mandarin Reflex |
chán | yuān |
Expected Cantonese Reflex |
sin4 | jyun1 |
澶淵