熱

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See also: 热 and 熟
熱 U+71B1, 熱
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-71B1
← 熰
[U+71B0] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 熲 →
[U+71B2]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

熱 (radical 86, 火+11, 15 strokes, cangjie input 土戈火 (GIF), four-corner 45331, composition ⿱埶灬)

Derived characters[edit]

Related characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 681, character 8
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19360
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1092, character 24
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2230, character 10
  • Unihan data for U+71B1

Chinese[edit]

trad. 熱
simp. 热
alternative forms 𤍠
𤉟
𤋩
𤎮
𪌌

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (埶) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
褹 *ŋr'eːds, *ŋeds
勢 *hŋjeds
藝 *ŋeds
囈 *ŋeds
埶 *ŋeds
蓺 *ŋeds
槸 *ŋeds
爇 *ŋʷjed
褻 *sŋed
暬 *sŋed
熱 *ŋjed
槷 *ŋeːd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ŋjed): phonetic 埶 (OC *ŋeds) + semantic 灬 (“fire”).

Etymology[edit]

Schuessler (2007) considers this a *-t derivation of Proto-Sino-Tibetan *nwe (“warm”) (with initial *n- ~ ŋ- vacillation), whence also Burmese နွေး (nwe:, “warm; lukewarm”) and နွှေး (hnwe:, “to warm something; to revise”).

Often considered to be related to 爇 (OC *ŋʷjed, “to burn; to toast”) and 焫 (OC *njod, “hot”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • lia̍t/jia̍t - literary;
  • loa̍h/joa̍h - vernacular.
Note:
  • riêg8/riag8 - literary (riêg8 - Chaozhou);
  • ruah8 - vernacular.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 熱
    Mandarin Beijing /ʐɤ⁵¹/
    Harbin /ʐɤ⁵³/
    Tianjin /iɤ⁵³/
    /ʐɤ⁵³/
    Jinan /ʐə²¹/
    Qingdao /iə⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /ʐʐ̩ɛ²⁴/
    Xi'an /ʐɤ²¹/
    Xining /ʐɛ⁴⁴/
    Yinchuan /ʐə¹³/
    Lanzhou /ʐə¹³/
    Ürümqi /ʐɤ²¹³/
    Wuhan /nɤ²¹³/
    Chengdu /ze³¹/
    Guiyang /zɛ²¹/
    Kunming /ʐə³¹/
    Nanjing /ʐəʔ⁵/
    Hefei /ʐɐʔ⁵/
    Jin Taiyuan /zaʔ²/
    Pingyao /ʐʌʔ¹³/
    Hohhot /ʐaʔ⁴³/
    Wu Shanghai /ȵiɪʔ¹/
    Suzhou /ȵiəʔ³/
    Hangzhou /zz̩ʷəʔ²/
    Wenzhou /ȵi²¹³/
    Hui Shexian /ne²²/
    Tunxi /ȵia¹¹/
    Xiang Changsha /ye²⁴/
    Xiangtan /ie²⁴/
    Gan Nanchang /lɛʔ⁵/
    Hakka Meixian /ŋiat̚⁵/
    Taoyuan /ŋiet̚⁵⁵/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /jit̚²/
    Nanning /jit̚²²/
    Hong Kong /jit̚²/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /liat̚⁵/
    /luaʔ⁵/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /ieʔ⁵/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /iɛ²¹/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /ziak̚⁵/
    /zuaʔ⁵/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /zit̚³/
    /zua³³/
    Rime
    Character 熱
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 日 (38)
    Final (韻) 薛 (81)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 如列切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ȵiᴇt̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ȵiɛt̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ȵʑjæt̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ȵiat̚/
    Li
    Rong         		/ȵiɛt̚/
    Wang
    Li         		/ȵʑĭɛt̚/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ȵʑi̯ɛt̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		rè
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		jit6
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 熱
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		rè
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ nyet ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*C.nat/ (or *C.ŋet?)
    English hot

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 熱
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 15099
    Phonetic
    component         		埶
    Rime
    group         		月
    Rime
    subdivision         		2
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		熱
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ŋjed/

    Definitions[edit]

    熱

    1. hot; heated; having a high temperature
      今天很熱。 / 今天很热。  ―  Jīntiān hěn rè.  ―  It is quite hot today.
      啲湯仲好熱，小心啲啦。 [Cantonese, trad.]
      啲汤仲好热，小心啲啦。 [Cantonese, simp.]
      di1 tong1 zung6 hou2 jit6, siu2 sam1 di1 laa1. [Jyutping]
      The soup's still hot; be careful.
    2. to heat up; to warm up
    3. heat; hotness; warmness; high temperature
    4. hot weather; summer heat
    5. kind; amiable; fervent; close and dear
    6. feverish; to have a fever
    7. fever; febrility; pyrexia
    8. zeal; fondness; enthusiasm; trend
    9. popular; fashionable; in vogue
    10. flourishing; thriving; prosperous
    11. worried; anxious; distraught
    12. fervently; passionately; enthusiastically; very
    13. A surname.
    14. angry

    Synonyms[edit]

    • (hot):
    Dialectal synonyms of 熱 (“hot”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 熱
    Mandarin Beijing 熱
    Taiwan 熱
    Muping 熱
    Jinan 熱
    Wanrong 熱
    Xi'an 熱
    Yinchuan 熱
    Wuhan 熱
    Chengdu 熱
    Guilin 熱
    Yangzhou 熱, 暖 †
    Nanjing 熱
    Hefei 熱
    Singapore 燒 ‡, 熱 †
    Cantonese Guangzhou 熱, 㷫
    Hong Kong 熱, 㷫
    Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 熱
    Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 熱
    Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 熱
    Taishan 熱
    Dongguan 熱, 㷫
    Yangjiang 熱
    Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 熱
    Singapore (Guangfu) 熱
    Gan Nanchang 熱
    Lichuan 熱
    Pingxiang 熱
    Hakka Meixian 燒, 熱
    Xingning 燒
    Huidong (Daling) 燒
    Qujiang 滾
    Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 暖
    Changting 燒
    Wuping 燒
    Wuping (Pingyu) 燒
    Liancheng 燒
    Ninghua 燒
    Ruijin 滾
    Shicheng 燒
    Shangyou 滾
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 熱
    Liudui (S. Sixian) 熱
    Hsinchu (Hailu) 熱
    Dongshi (Dabu) 熱
    Hsinchu (Raoping) 熱
    Yunlin (Zhao'an) 熱
    Hong Kong 燒, 熱 †
    Huizhou Jixi 熱
    Jin Taiyuan 熱
    Min Bei Jian'ou 燒, 熱 †
    Min Dong Fuzhou 熱
    Matsu 熱
    Min Nan Xiamen 燒, 熱 †
    Xiamen (Tong'an) 燒
    Quanzhou 燒, 熱
    Zhangzhou 燒, 熱
    Zhao'an 燒
    Dongshan 熱
    Taipei 燒 GT, 熱 †, GT
    Singapore (Hokkien) 燒 ‡, 熱 †
    Chaozhou 燒, 熱 †
    Shantou 燒, 熱 †
    Bangkok (Teochew) 燒, 熱 †
    Johor Bahru (Teochew) 燒, 熱 †
    Singapore (Teochew) 燒 ‡, 熱 †
    Leizhou 熱
    Wenchang 燒
    Haikou 燒, 燒熱
    Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 熱
    Wu Shanghai 熱
    Suzhou 熱
    Wenzhou 熱
    Jinhua 熱
    Xiang Changsha 熱
    Shuangfeng 熱
    Note GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified); † - describes the weather; ‡ - describes objects
    edit
    Synonyms of 熱

    Compounds[edit]

    Derived terms from 熱

    Descendants[edit]

    Sino-Xenic (熱):
    • → Japanese: 熱(ねつ) (netsu)
    • → Korean: 열 (熱, yeol)
    • → Vietnamese: nhiệt (熱)

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    熱

    (grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. heat
    2. temperature
    3. fever
    4. mania
    5. passion

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Derived terms

    Etymology[edit]

    Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia ja
    Kanji in this term
    熱
    ねつ
    Grade: 4
    on’yomi

    From Middle Chinese 熱 (MC ȵiᴇt̚).

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    熱(ねつ) • (netsu) 

    1. fever
      物(もの)凄(すご)い熱(ねつ)を出(だ)す
      monosugoi netsu o dasu
      to come down with a terrible fever
    2. (physics) heat

    Suffix[edit]

    熱(ねつ) • (-netsu) 

    1. (informal) passion; mania; fever (towards an activity or topic)

    References[edit]

    1. ^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    熱 (eumhun 더울 열 (deoul yeol))

    1. Hanja form? of 열 (“fever; heat”).

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Hán Tự[edit]

    熱: Hán Việt readings: nhiệt[1]
    熱: Nôm readings: nhét[2], nhẹt[2]

    1. Hán tự form of nhiệt (“heat”).

    References[edit]

    1. ^ Trần (1999).
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Hồ (1976).
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