牢

牢 U+7262, 牢 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7262 ← 牡 [U+7261] CJK Unified Ideographs 牣 → [U+7263]

Translingual

Han character

牢 (radical 93, 牛+3, 7 strokes, cangjie input 十竹手 (JHQ), four-corner 3050₂, composition ⿱宀牛)

Derived characters

• 𠈭 哰 𢚄 𫰴 (⿰女牢) 㟉 𤉍 浶 𢭂 𣒲 𭷡 (⿰牜牢) 𣇟 𥒪 𦰤 𥭲 𦕵 䜮 𨦭 𨌚 𪁔 (𩧷) 𤚧 𫳵 (⿰牢何) 𬁖 (⿰星牢) 𣋀 𡫡

References

• KangXi: page 698, character 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14031
• Dae Jaweon: page 1110, character 2
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1802, character 6
• Unihan data for U+7262

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		牢

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 牢
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (牢) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
牢	*ruː
窂	*ruː
哰	*ruː

Ideogrammic compound (會意): 宀 (“pen; animal yard”) + 牛 (“cow”)

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): láo (lao²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄠˊ

  (Chengdu, SP): nao²

• Cantonese (Jyutping): lou⁴
• Jin (Wiktionary): lau¹
• Min Dong (BUC): lò̤
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): lâu / tiâu / láu / lô / lô͘

  (Teochew, Peng'im): lo⁵

• Wu (Wiktionary): lau (T3)
• Xiang (Wiktionary): lau²

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: láo
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄠˊ
    • Wade–Giles: lao2
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lau
    • Tongyong Pinyin: láo
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɑʊ̯³⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: nao²
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: lao
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /nau²¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: lou⁴
    • Yale: lòuh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: lou⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: lou⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lou̯²¹/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: lau¹
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /lau¹¹/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: lò̤
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /l̃o⁵³/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lâu
    • Tâi-lô: lâu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: laau
    • IPA (Xiamen): /laʊ²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /laʊ¹³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiâu
    • Tâi-lô: tiâu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: diaau
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /tiaʊ²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tiaʊ²³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiaʊ¹³/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: láu
    • Tâi-lô: láu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: lao
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /laʊ⁵⁵⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lô
    • Tâi-lô: lô
    • Phofsit Daibuun: looi
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /lo¹³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /lɤ²³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /lo²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lô͘
    • Tâi-lô: lôo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: loo
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /lɔ²⁴/

Note:

• lâu - vernacular;
• tiâu/láu - vernacular (俗);
• lô/lô͘ - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: lo⁵
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lô
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lo⁵⁵/

Wu

• (Shanghainese)
  • Wiktionary: lau (T3)
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɔ²³/

Xiang

• (Changsha)
  • Wiktionary: lau²
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɒu¹³/

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 牢
Mandarin	Beijing	/lɑu³⁵/
	Harbin	/lau²⁴/
	Tianjin	/lɑu⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/lɔ⁴²/
	Qingdao	/lɔ⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/lau⁴²/
	Xi'an	/lau²⁴/
	Xining	/lɔ²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/lɔ⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/lɔ⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/lɔ⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/nau²¹³/
	Chengdu	/nau³¹/
	Guiyang	/nao²¹/
	Kunming	/lɔ³¹/
	Nanjing	/lɔo²⁴/
	Hefei	/lɔ⁵⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/lau¹¹/
	Pingyao	/lɔ¹³/
	Hohhot	/lɔ³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/lɔ²³/
	Suzhou	/læ¹³/
	Hangzhou	/lɔ²¹³/
	Wenzhou	/lɜ³¹/
Hui	Shexian	/lɔ⁴⁴/
	Tunxi	/lə⁴⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/lau¹³/
	Xiangtan	/naɯ¹²/
Gan	Nanchang	/lɑu⁴⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/lau¹¹/
	Taoyuan
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/lou²¹/
	Nanning	/lu²¹/
	Hong Kong	/lou²¹/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/lau³⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/lo⁵³/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/lau³³/ 名 /lau²¹/ 形
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/lo⁵⁵/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/lau³¹/

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• Middle Chinese: /lɑu/

Rime
Character	牢
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	豪 (89)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	魯刀切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lɑu/
Pan Wuyun	/lɑu/
Shao Rongfen	/lɑu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/law/
Li Rong	/lɑu/
Wang Li	/lɑu/
Bernard Karlgren	/lɑu/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	láo

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*ruː/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	牢
Reading #	1/1
No.	7644
Phonetic component	牢
Rime group	幽
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	勞
Old Chinese	/*ruː/

Definitions

牢

1. prison; jail
   • 監牢 / 监牢  ―  jiānláo  ―  prison
2. pen; enclosure

   • 亡羊補牢，猶未遲也。 [MSC, trad.]
     亡羊补牢，犹未迟也。 [MSC, simp.]

     Wáng yáng bǔ láo, yóu wèi chí yě. [Pinyin]

     Repairing a sheep pen only after a sheep is lost is not considered tardy.

3. firm; fast; durable
   • 牢固  ―  láogù  ―  firm; durable
4. dependable; reliable
5. animal used for sacrificing
   • 太牢  ―  tàiláo  ―  animal used for sacrificing
6. with grievance and toil
   • 牢騷 / 牢骚  ―  láosāo  ―  to be discontented

Compounds

• 不牢 (bùláo)
• 中牢
• 久慣牢成／久惯牢成
• 亡羊補牢／亡羊补牢 (wángyángbǔláo)
• 劫牢
• 南牢
• 命不牢
• 囚牢 (qiúláo)
• 地牢 (dìláo)
• 坐牢 (zuòláo)
• 堅牢／坚牢 (jiānláo)
• 夜役軍牢／夜役军牢
• 大牢 (dàláo)
• 大發牢騷／大发牢骚
• 天牢
• 太牢 (tàiláo)
• 套牢 (tàoláo)
• 女牢
• 少牢
• 打鳳牢龍／打凤牢龙
• 把牢 (bǎláo)
• 抓牢
• 押牢
• 拖牢洞

• 持牢
• 提牢
• 提牢官
• 死囚牢
• 滿肚牢騷／满肚牢骚
• 滿腹牢騷／满腹牢骚
• 牛驥共牢／牛骥共牢
• 牢不可拔
• 牢不可破 (láobùkěpò)
• 牢九
• 牢固 (láogù)
• 牢城
• 牢子
• 牢定
• 牢愁
• 牢成
• 牢成久慣／牢成久惯
• 牢房 (láofáng)
• 牢拴
• 牢牢 (láoláo)
• 牢獄／牢狱 (láoyù)
• 牢獄之災／牢狱之灾 (láoyùzhīzāi)
• 牢盆
• 牢眼

• 牢穩／牢稳
• 牢籠／牢笼 (láolóng)
• 牢籠計／牢笼计
• 牢落
• 牢角底
• 牢記／牢记 (láojì)
• 牢醴
• 牢靠 (láokào)
• 牢頭／牢头
• 牢頭禁子／牢头禁子
• 牢飯／牢饭
• 牢騷／牢骚 (láosāo)
• 牢騷滿腹／牢骚满腹
• 畫地為牢／画地为牢
• 當牢節級／当牢节级
• 發牢騷／发牢骚 (fā láosāo)
• 皋牢
• 監牢／监牢 (jiānláo)
• 蒲牢 (púláo)
• 虎牢關／虎牢关 (Hǔláo Guān)
• 軍牢／军牢
• 軍牢快手／军牢快手
• 顧犬補牢／顾犬补牢
• 餼牢／饩牢

Descendants

• → Manchu: ᠯᠣᠣ (loo)
  • → Solon: lō
• → Zhuang: lauz

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Japanese

Kanji

牢

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. prison
2. stable, pen
3. secure

Readings

• Go-on: ろう (rō)^{←らう (rau, historical)}
• Kan-on: ろう (rō)^{←らう (rau, historical)}
• Kun: ひとや (hitoya, 牢); かたい (katai, 牢い)

Compounds

Compounds

• 牢屋(ろうや) (rōya)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
牢
ろう Hyōgaiji
on’yomi

Pronunciation

• On’yomi
• (Tokyo) ろ​ー [róꜜò] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [ɾo̞ː]

Alternative forms

• 籠

Noun

牢(ろう) • (rō)  (historical kana らう)

1. prison

   Synonyms: 監獄 (かんごく), 牢屋 (ろうや)

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Korean

Hanja

牢 • (roe, noe, ro, no) (hangeul 뢰, 뇌, 로, 노, revised roe, noe, ro, no, McCune–Reischauer roe, noe, ro, no, Yale loy, noy, lo, no)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Okinawan

Kanji

牢 (hiragana るー, romaji rū)

Compounds

• 牢屋 (るーや, rūya, “prison”)

Noun

牢 (hiragana るー, romaji rū)

1. prison

   Synonyms: 監獄 (かんぐく, kanguku), 牢屋 (るーや, rūya)

References

• 沖縄語辞典 (Okinawago Jiten, “Okinawan Dictionary”)‎^[1], 1963

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Vietnamese

Han character

牢: Hán Nôm readings: lao, lào, sao, sau

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.