癸

癸 U+7678, 癸 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7678 ← 癷 [U+7677] CJK Unified Ideographs 癹 → [U+7679]

Translingual

Han character

癸 (Kangxi radical 105, 癶+4, 9 strokes, cangjie input 弓人一大 (NOMK), four-corner 1243₀, composition ⿱癶天)

Derived characters

• 𡎝 𡞳 揆 湀 猤 暌 楑 睽 䙆 聧 䠏 䤆 鍨 騤(骙)
• 鄈 戣 䳫 葵 闋(阕)

References

• KangXi: page 783, character 32
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 22660
• Dae Jaweon: page 1193, character 9
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2760, character 4
• Unihan data for U+7678

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Chinese

trad.		癸
simp. #		癸
alternative forms		𫻮

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 癸
Shang		Western Zhou	Spring and Autumn	Warring States			Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions	Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Bronze inscriptions	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Qin slip script	Shizhoupian script	Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (癸) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
睽	*kʰʷiːl
湀	*kʰʷiːl, *kʷilʔ, *ɡʷilʔ, *kʰʷiːd
聧	*kʰʷiː
藈	*kʰʷiːl
癸	*kʷilʔ
葵	*ɡʷil
鄈	*ɡʷil
楑	*ɡʷil, *ɡʷilʔ
戣	*ɡʷril
鍨	*ɡʷril
騤	*ɡʷril, *kʷiːd
揆	*ɡʷilʔ
猤	*ɡʷils
闋	*kʰʷiːd

Pictogram (象形) - Multiple uncertain interpretations.

Possibly, this was a pictograph of a four handled plow, meant to be operated by 4 people at a time. This character shows how essential and commonplace collective farming was roughly 3000 years ago. Otherwise, it is composed of two halberds (戣 kuí).

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): guǐ (gui³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄟˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gwai³
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kui
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): kúi

  (Teochew, Peng'im): gui³

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: guǐ
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄟˇ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: goei
    • Tongyong Pinyin: guěi
    • Wade–Giles: kuei3
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kweɪ̯²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: gwai³
    • Yale: gwai
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gwai³
    • Guangdong Romanization: guei³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷɐi̯³³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kui
    • Hakka Romanization System: gui
    • Hagfa Pinyim: gui⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /ku̯i⁵⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kúi
    • Tâi-lô: kuí
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kuie
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kui⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kui⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kui⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kui⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kui⁴¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: gui³
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kùi
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kui²¹³/

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• Middle Chinese: /kiuɪ^X/

Rime
Character	癸
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	脂 (16)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	居誄切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kiuɪX/
Pan Wuyun	/kʷiX/
Shao Rongfen	/kjuɪX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kwiX/
Li Rong	/kuiX/
Wang Li	/kwiX/
Bernard Karlgren	/kwiX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	guǐ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gwai2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*kʷijʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʷilʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	癸
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	guǐ
Middle Chinese	‹ kjwijX ›
Old Chinese	/*kʷijʔ/
English	10th heavenly stem
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	癸
Reading #	1/1
No.	4644
Phonetic component	癸
Rime group	脂
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	癸
Old Chinese	/*kʷilʔ/
Notes	戴侗雲戣初文；甲文象二工（金文或變二木）相交以度圜，本規初文

Definitions

癸

1. the tenth of the ten heavenly stems
2. a surname.

Coordinate terms

• (heavenly stems) 天干; 甲, 乙, 丙, 丁, 戊, 己, 庚, 辛, 壬, 癸

Compounds

• 呼庚呼癸
• 天癸
• 履癸

• 庚癸
• 庚癸之呼
• 癸字號／癸字号

• 癸期
• 癸水

References

• (Min Nan) “Entry #5236”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.

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Japanese

Kanji

癸

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. something J
   1. tenth of the ten Heavenly Stems
   2. tenth rank

Readings

• Go-on: き (ki)
• Kan-on: き (ki)
• Kun: みずのと (mizunoto, 癸)^{←みづのと (midunoto, historical)}

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
癸
き Hyōgaiji
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 癸 (kjwij^X)

Pronunciation

• On’yomi
• (Tokyo) き​ [kíꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [kʲi]

• Homophones: 木, 樹, 生, 杵, 柝, 黄, 己, 危, 忌, 奇, 季, 紀, 鬼, 基, 揆, 期, 簋

Proper noun

癸(き) • (Ki) 

1. something J; the tenth of the ten Heavenly Stems

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
癸
みずのと Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

水 (Mizu, “Water”, one of the Five Elements) +‎ の (no, attributive marker) +‎ 弟 (oto, “younger brother”)

Pronunciation

• Kun’yomi
• (Tokyo) みずの​と [mìzúnóꜜtò] (Nakadaka – [3])
• IPA^(key): [mʲizɨᵝno̞to̞]

Proper noun

癸(みずのと) • (Mizunoto) ^{←みづのと (midunoto)?}

1. the tenth of the ten Heavenly Stems

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Korean

Hanja

癸 • (gye) (hangeul 계, revised gye, McCune–Reischauer kye, Yale kyey)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

癸: Hán Nôm readings: quý, quấy, quậy

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.