癸

癸 U+7678, 癸 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7678 ← 癷 [U+7677] CJK Unified Ideographs 癹 → [U+7679]

Translingual

Etymology

Pictogram (象形) - Multiple uncertain interpretations.

Possibly, this was a pictograph of a four handled plow, meant to be operated by 4 people at a time. This character shows how essential and commonplace, collective farming was roughly 3000 years ago, and for the entirety of the area's history.

The derivative 揆 is semantically related to the original word.

Han character

癸 (radical 105 癶+4, 9 strokes, cangjie input 弓人一大 (NOMK), four-corner 1243₀, composition ⿱癶天)

Derived characters

• 葵

References

• KangXi: page 783, character 32
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 22660
• Dae Jaweon: page 1193, character 9
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2760, character 4
• Unihan data for U+7678

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		癸

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (癸) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
睽	*kʰʷiːl
湀	*kʰʷiːl, *kʷilʔ, *ɡʷilʔ, *kʰʷiːd
聧	*kʰʷiː
藈	*kʰʷiːl
癸	*kʷilʔ
葵	*ɡʷil
鄈	*ɡʷil
楑	*ɡʷil, *ɡʷilʔ
戣	*ɡʷril
鍨	*ɡʷril
騤	*ɡʷril, *kʷiːd
揆	*ɡʷilʔ
猤	*ɡʷils
闋	*kʰʷiːd

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): guǐ (gui³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄟˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gwai³
• Min Nan (POJ): kúi

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: guǐ
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄟˇ
    • Wade-Giles: kuei³
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: goei
    • IPA ^(key): /ku̯eɪ̯²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: gwai³
    • Yale: gwai
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gwai³
    • Guangdong Romanization: guei³
    • IPA ^(key): /kʷɐi̯³³/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kúi
    • Tâi-lô: kuí
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kuie
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kui⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kui⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kui⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kui⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kui⁴¹/

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• Middle Chinese: /kiuɪ^X/▼

Rime
Character	癸
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	脂 (16)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	居誄切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kiuɪX/
Pan Wuyun	/kʷiX/
Shao Rongfen	/kjuɪX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kwiX/
Li Rong	/kuiX/
Wang Li	/kwiX/
Bernard Karlgren	/kwiX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	guǐ

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter-Sagart): /*kʷijʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʷilʔ/

Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	癸
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	guǐ
Middle Chinese	‹ kjwijX ›
Old Chinese	/*kʷijʔ/
English	10th heavenly stem
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	癸
Reading #	1/1
No.	4644
Phonetic component	癸
Rime group	脂
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	癸
Old Chinese	/*kʷilʔ/
Notes	戴侗雲戣初文；甲文象二工（金文或變二木）相交以度圜，本規初文

Definitions

癸

1. the tenth of the ten heavenly stems
2. a surname

References

• (Min Nan) “Entry #5236”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.

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Japanese

Kanji

癸

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Goon: き (ki)
• Kan’on: き (ki)
• Kun: みずのと (mizunoto, 癸)^{←みづのと (midunoto, historical)}

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
癸
き Hyōgaiji
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 癸 (kjwij^X)

Pronunciation

• On’yomi
  • (Tokyo) き​ [kíꜜ] (Atamadaka - [1])
  • IPA^(key): [kʲi]
• Homophones: 木, 樹, 生, 杵, 柝, 黄, 己, 危, 忌, 奇, 季, 紀, 鬼, 基, 揆, 期, 簋

Proper noun

癸 (hiragana き, rōmaji Ki)

1. the tenth of the ten Heavenly Stems

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
癸
みずのと Hyōgaiji
kun'yomi

水 (Mizu, “Water”, one of the Five Elements) +‎ の (no, attributive marker) +‎ 弟 (oto, “younger brother”)

Pronunciation

• Kun’yomi
  • (Tokyo) みずの​と [mìzúnóꜜtò] (Nakadaka - [3])
  • IPA^(key): [mizɨᵝno̞to̞]

Proper noun

癸 (hiragana みずのと, rōmaji Mizunoto, historical hiragana みづのと)

1. the tenth of the ten Heavenly Stems

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Korean

Hanja

癸 • (gye) (hangeul 계, revised gye, McCune-Reischauer kye, Yale kyey)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

癸 (quý, quấy, quậy)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.