白

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See also: 日, 曰, 臼, 自, and 百
白 U+767D, 白
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-767D
← 發
[U+767C] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 百 →
[U+767E]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
白-order.gif

Han character[edit]

Commons-logo.svg
See images of
Radical 106 白

白 (radical 106, 白+0, 5 strokes, cangjie input 竹日 (HA), four-corner 26000, composition ⿱丿日)

  1. Kangxi radical #106, ⽩.

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 785, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 22678
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1196, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2642, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+767D

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 白

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 白
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
白-oracle.svg 白-bronze.svg 白-seal.svg 白-bigseal.svg
Characters in the same phonetic series (白) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
怕 *pʰraːɡs, *pʰraːɡ
帕 *pʰraːɡs, *mbraːd
粕 *pʰaːɡ, *pʰraːɡ
胉 *pʰaːɡ
泊 *baːɡ
箔 *baːɡ
魄 *tʰaːɡ, *pʰraːɡ
皕 *prɯɡ
伯 *praːɡ
百 *praːɡ
迫 *praːɡ
敀 *praːɡ, *pʰraːɡ
柏 *praːɡ
湐 *praːɡ
拍 *pʰraːɡ
珀 *pʰraːɡ
皛 *pʰraːɡ, *ɡeːwʔ
洦 *mpʰraːɡ, *mbraːɡ
白 *braːɡ
帛 *braːɡ
舶 *braːɡ
鮊 *braːɡ
陌 *mbraːɡ
帞 *mbraːɡ
袹 *mbraːɡ
蛨 *mbraːɡ
貊 *mbraːɡ
佰 *mbraːɡ
銆 *mbraːɡ
碧 *praɡ, *preɡ
咟 *ɦmreːɡ

Pictogram (象形) – originally an acorn. The character acquired its current meaning of white from the color of the acorn’s flesh. The original meaning has been lost. (Compare 自 – originally “nose”, now “self”.)

Etymology[edit]

Either from

However, STEDT assigns:

Pronunciation[edit]

Note: bó - extremely limited in usage, previously used in the name Li Bai (李白).
Note: pe̍h/pe̍eh - vernacular (by itself and in most compounds), pia̍k/pe̍k - literary (in a few compounds).
  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 白
Mandarin Beijing /pai³⁵/
Harbin /pai²⁴/
Tianjin /pai⁴⁵/
Jinan /pei²¹³/
Qingdao /pe⁴²/
Zhengzhou /pɛ⁴²/
Xi'an /pei²⁴/
Xining /pɨ²⁴/
Yinchuan /pia¹³/
/pɛ¹³/
Lanzhou /pə⁵³/
Ürümqi /pai⁵¹/
/pei⁵¹/
Wuhan /pɤ²¹³/
Chengdu /pe³¹/
Guiyang /pɛ²¹/
Kunming /pə³¹/
Nanjing /pəʔ⁵/
Hefei /pɐʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /pai¹¹/
/piəʔ⁵⁴/
Pingyao /piʌʔ⁵³/ ～的
/pæ¹³/ ～菜
Hohhot /pɛ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /baʔ¹/
Suzhou /bɑʔ³/
Hangzhou /bɑʔ²/
Wenzhou /ba²¹³/
Hui Shexian /pʰɛ²²/
Tunxi /pʰa¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /pə²⁴/
Xiangtan /pæ²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /pʰɑʔ²/
Hakka Meixian /pʰak̚⁵/
Taoyuan /pʰɑk̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /pak̚²/
Nanning /pak̚²²/
Hong Kong /pak̚²/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /pik̚⁵/
/peʔ⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /paʔ⁵/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /pa⁴⁴/
/pɛ⁴²/
Shantou (Min Nan) /peʔ⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /ʔbɔk̚⁵/
/ʔbɛ³⁵/
Rime
Character 白
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 並 (3)
Final (韻) 陌 (113)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 傍陌切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/bˠæk̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/bᵚak̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/bak̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/baɨjk̚/
Li
Rong 		/bɐk̚/
Wang
Li 		/bɐk̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/bʱɐk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		bó
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 白
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		bái
Middle
Chinese 		‹ bæk ›
Old
Chinese 		/*bˁrak/
English white

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 白
Reading # 1/1
No. 207
Phonetic
component 		白
Rime
group 		鐸
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		白
Old
Chinese 		/*braːɡ/

Definitions[edit]

白

  1. white
    白色  ―  báisè  ―  white color
    白茶  ―  báichá  ―  white tea
  2. clear; easy to understand
    明白  ―  míngbai  ―  clear, obvious
    淺白 / 浅白  ―  qiǎnbái  ―  simple
  3. clear; pure; plain; blank
    白紙 / 白纸  ―  báizhǐ  ―  a blank sheet of paper
    白水  ―  báishuǐ  ―  plain water
    白粥  ―  báizhōu  ―  plain congee
  4. vernacular
    白話 / 白话  ―  báihuà  ―  spoken language
  5. dialect
    蘇白 / 苏白  ―  sūbái  ―  Suzhou dialect
    京白  ―  jīngbái  ―  Beijing dialect
  6. Short for 白讀／白读 (báidú, “colloquial reading”).
  7. reactionary; anticommunist
    白軍 / 白军  ―  báijūn  ―  The White army
    白區 / 白区  ―  báiqū  ―  The White area
    白色恐怖  ―  báisèkǒngbù  ―  the White terror
  8. in vain; for nothing
    我們沒有白忙。 / 我们没有白忙。  ―  Wǒmen méiyǒu bái máng.  ―  Our efforts were not in vain.
    她白等了。  ―  Tā bái děng le.  ―  She waited in vain.
    他們的血沒有白流。 [MSC, trad.]
    他们的血没有白流。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tāmen de xuè méiyǒu bái liú. [Pinyin]
    Their blood was not shed in vain.
    所有的工作都白做了。 [MSC, trad. and simp.]
    Suǒyǒu de gōngzuò dōu bái zuò le. [Pinyin]
    All the work has been done for nothing.
    白來一趟 / 白来一趟  ―  bái lái yītàng  ―  to come in vain; to come for nothing
    白給的東西 / 白给的东西  ―  báigěi de dōngxi  ―  something given for nothing
  9. free of charge; gratuitous; gratis
    你可以白拿走這些蘋果。 [MSC, trad.]
    你可以白拿走这些苹果。 [MSC, simp.]
    Nǐ kěyǐ bái názǒu zhè xiē píngguǒ. [Pinyin]
    You can have these apples for free.
  10. to stare coldly; to stare at someone with the white of the eyes
    她生氣地白了他一眼。 [MSC, trad.]
    她生气地白了他一眼。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā shēngqì de bái le tā yīyǎn. [Pinyin]
    She gave him an angry stare.
  11. to explain; to present; to state
    自白  ―  zìbái  ―  explain oneself, confess
    開場白 / 开场白  ―  kāichǎngbái  ―  preamble
    表白  ―  biǎobái  ―  to explain oneself
    辯白 / 辩白  ―  biànbái  ―  to explain, to defend oneself
  12. to mispronounce or wrongly write a character
    我老是寫白字讀破句。 [MSC, trad.]
    我老是写白字读破句。 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒ lǎoshì xiě bái zì dúpòjù. [Pinyin]
    I always mispronounce words and break my sentences up in the wrong places.
    我把這字念白了。 / 我把这字念白了。  ―  Wǒ bǎ zhè zì niàn bái le.  ―  I've mispronounced the character.
  13. spoken lines
    念白  ―  niànbái  ―  spoken parts of a Chinese opera
    道白  ―  dàobái  ―  spoken parts of a Chinese opera
    獨白 / 独白  ―  dúbái  ―  monologue
    對白 / 对白  ―  duìbái  ―  dialogue
    （白）無言獨上西樓，月如鉤…… [MSC, trad.]
    （白）无言独上西楼，月如钩…… [MSC, simp.]
    (bái) Wúyán dú shàng xīlóu, yuè rú gōu...... [Pinyin]
    (spoken:) Without words, I ascend the western tower by myself; the moon is like a hook […]
    (as may be displayed in the lyrics to Teresa Teng's Du shang xilou)
  14. funeral
    紅白喜事 / 红白喜事  ―  hóngbáixǐshì  ―  weddings and funerals
  15. A surname​. Bai

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 白

See also[edit]

Colors in Chinese · 顏色／颜色 (yánsè) (layout · text)
     白色 (báisè)      灰色 (huīsè)      黑色 (hēisè)
             紅色／红色 (hóngsè), 赤色 (chìsè) ; 豔紅色／艳红色 (yànhóngsè)              橙色 (chéngsè) ; 棕色 (zōngsè), 褐色 (hèsè)              黃色／黄色 (huángsè) ; 奶油色 (nǎiyóusè)
             青檸色／青柠色 (qīngníngsè)              綠色／绿色 (lǜsè)             
             青色 (qīngsè) ; 深青色              天藍色／天蓝色 (tiānlánsè)              藍色／蓝色 (lánsè)
             紫羅蘭色／紫罗兰色 (zǐluólán sè) ; 靛色 (diànsè)              洋紅色／洋红色 (yánghóngsè) ; 紫色 (zǐsè)              粉紅色／粉红色 (fěnhóngsè)

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

白

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

Etymology 1[edit]

Kanji in this term
白
しろ
Grade: 1
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese *siro1- ~ sira[1]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

白 (hiragana しろ, rōmaji shiro)

  1. white (color)
  2. a white go stone
  3. innocence
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms

Noun[edit]

白 (hiragana しら, rōmaji shira)

  1. white, Old Japanese pronunciation, now only seen in compounds
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms

Etymology 2[edit]

Kanji in this term
白
はく
Grade: 1
on’yomi

Borrowed from Middle Chinese 白 (bˠæk̚)

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

白 (hiragana はく, rōmaji haku)

  1. white

Related terms[edit]

See also[edit]

Colors in Japanese · 色 (いろ) (iro) (layout · text)
     白 (しろ) (shiro)      灰 (はい)色 (いろ) (haiiro),
鼠 (ねずみ)色 (いろ) (nezumiiro) (dated) 		     黒 (くろ) (kuro)
             赤 (あか) (aka) ; 深 (しん)紅 (く) (shinku),
クリムゾン (kurimuzon),
紅 (べに)色 (いろ) (beniiro),
紅 (くれない)色 (いろ) (kurenaiiro) 		             オレンジ (orenji),
橙 (だいだい)色 (いろ) (daidaiiro) ; 茶 (ちゃ)色 (いろ) (chairo),
褐 (かっ)色 (しょく) (kasshoku) 		             黄 (き)色 (いろ) (kiiro) ; クリーム色 (いろ) (kurīmuiro)
             黄 (き)緑 (みどり) (kimidori)              緑 (みどり) (midori),
青 (あお) (ao) (dated) 		            
             シアン (shian) ; 鴨 (かも)の羽色 (はねいろ) (kamo no hane iro)              水 (みず)色 (いろ) (mizuiro)              青 (あお) (ao)
             菫 (すみれ)色 (いろ) (sumireiro) ; 藍 (あい)色 (いろ) (aiiro),
インジゴ (injigo) 		             マゼンタ (mazenta) ; 紫 (むらさき) (murasaki)              ピンク (pinku),
桃 (もも)色 (いろ) (momoiro)

References[edit]

  1. ^ sira & sirwo- at Oxford-NINJAL Corpus of Old Japanese
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

白 (eumhun 흰 백 (huin baek))

  1. white

Hanja[edit]

白 (eumhun 아뢸 백 (aroel baek))

  1. to tell, to inform

See also[edit]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

白: Hán Việt readings: bạch (薄(bạc)陌(mạch)切(thiết))[1][2][3]
白: Nôm readings: bạch[1][2][3], bạc[1][3], trắng[1]

  1. Hán tự form of bạch (“white”).
  2. Nôm form of bạc (“silver”).

Compounds[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Trần (2004).
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