白
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Translingual[edit]
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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Han character[edit]
白 (radical 106 白+0, 5 strokes, cangjie input 竹日 (HA), four-corner 26000, composition ⿱丿日)
- Kangxi radical #106, ⽩ (“white”).
Derived characters[edit]
- Index:Chinese radical/白
- 柏
- 習 (in current form)
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 785, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 22678
- Dae Jaweon: page 1196, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2642, character 1
- Unihan data for U+767D
Chinese[edit]
| simp. and trad. |
白 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin[edit]
| Historical forms of the character 白
|
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|---|---|---|---|
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Large seal script | Small seal script |
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| Characters in the same phonetic series (白) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 怕 | *pʰraːɡs, *pʰraːɡ |
| 帕 | *pʰraːɡs, *mbraːd |
| 粕 | *pʰaːɡ, *pʰraːɡ |
| 胉 | *pʰaːɡ |
| 泊 | *baːɡ |
| 箔 | *baːɡ |
| 魄 | *tʰaːɡ, *pʰraːɡ |
| 皕 | *prɯɡ |
| 伯 | *praːɡ |
| 百 | *praːɡ |
| 迫 | *praːɡ |
| 敀 | *praːɡ, *pʰraːɡ |
| 柏 | *praːɡ |
| 湐 | *praːɡ |
| 拍 | *pʰraːɡ |
| 珀 | *pʰraːɡ |
| 皛 | *pʰraːɡ, *ɡeːwʔ |
| 洦 | *mpʰraːɡ, *mbraːɡ |
| 白 | *braːɡ |
| 帛 | *braːɡ |
| 舶 | *braːɡ |
| 鮊 | *braːɡ |
| 陌 | *mbraːɡ |
| 帞 | *mbraːɡ |
| 袹 | *mbraːɡ |
| 蛨 | *mbraːɡ |
| 貊 | *mbraːɡ |
| 佰 | *mbraːɡ |
| 銆 | *mbraːɡ |
| 碧 | *praɡ, *preɡ |
| 咟 | *ɦmreːɡ |
Pictogram (象形) – originally an acorn. The character acquired its current meaning of white from the color of the acorn’s flesh. The original meaning has been lost. (Compare 自 – originally “nose”, now “self”.)
Pronunciation[edit]
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): baak6
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): pha̍k
- Min Dong (BUC): băh
- Min Nan (POJ): pe̍h / pe̍eh / pia̍k / pe̍k
- Wu (Wiktionary): baq (T5)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄅㄞˊ
- Wade-Giles: pai2
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bair
- IPA (key): /paɪ̯³⁵/
-
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄅㄛˊ
- Wade-Giles: po2
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bor
- IPA (key): /pu̯ɔ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
Note: bó - extremely limited in usage, previously used in the name Li Bai (李白).
-
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: be2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: be
- IPA (key): /pɛ²¹/
- (Chengdu)
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: baak6
- Yale: baahk
- Cantonese Pinyin: baak9
- Guangdong Romanization: bag6
- IPA (key): /pɑːk̚²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pha̍k
- Hakka Romanization System: pag
- Hagfa Pinyim: pag6
- IPA: /pʰak̚⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: băh
- IPA (key): /paʔ⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
Note: pe̍h/pe̍eh - vernacular (by itself and in most compounds), pia̍k/pe̍k - literary (in a few compounds).
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: baq (T5)
- IPA (key): /b̻a̱ʔ¹²/
- (Shanghainese)
-
Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 白 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /pai³⁵/ |
| Harbin | /pai²⁴/ | |
| Tianjin | /pai⁴⁵/ | |
| Jinan | /pei²¹³/ | |
| Qingdao | /pe⁴²/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /pɛ⁴²/ | |
| Xi'an | /pei²⁴/ | |
| Xining | /pɨ²⁴/ | |
| Yinchuan | /pia¹³/ /pɛ¹³/ |
|
| Lanzhou | /pə⁵³/ | |
| Ürümqi | /pai⁵¹/ /pei⁵¹/ |
|
| Wuhan | /pɤ²¹³/ | |
| Chengdu | /pe³¹/ | |
| Guiyang | /pɛ²¹/ | |
| Kunming | /pə³¹/ | |
| Nanjing | /pəʔ⁵/ | |
| Hefei | /pɐʔ⁵/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /pai¹¹/ /piəʔ⁵⁴/ |
| Pingyao | /piʌʔ⁵³/ ～的 /pæ¹³/ ～菜 |
|
| Hohhot | /pɛ³¹/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /baʔ¹/ |
| Suzhou | /bɑʔ³/ | |
| Hangzhou | /bɑʔ²/ | |
| Wenzhou | /ba²¹³/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /pʰɛ²²/ |
| Tunxi | /pʰa¹¹/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /pə²⁴/ |
| Xiangtan | /pæ²⁴/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /pʰɑʔ²/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /pʰak̚⁵/ |
| Taoyuan | /pʰɑk̚⁵⁵/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /pak̚²/ |
| Nanning | /pak̚²²/ | |
| Hong Kong | /pak̚²/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) | /pik̚⁵/ /peʔ⁵/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /paʔ⁵/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /pa⁴⁴/ /pɛ⁴²/ |
|
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /peʔ⁵/ | |
| Haikou (Min Nan) | /ʔbɔk̚⁵/ /ʔbɛ³⁵/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 白 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 並 (3) |
| Final (韻) | 陌 (113) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 傍陌切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/bˠæk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/bᵚak̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/bak̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/baɨjk̚/ |
| Li Rong |
/bɐk̚/ |
| Wang Li |
/bɐk̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/bʱɐk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
bó |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 白 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
bái |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ bæk › |
| Old Chinese |
/*bˤrak/ |
| English | white |
|
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; |
|
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 白 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 207 |
| Phonetic component |
白 |
| Rime group |
鐸 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
白 |
| Old Chinese |
/*braːɡ/ |
Definitions[edit]
白
- white
- clear; easy to understand
- clear; pure; plain; blank
- vernacular
- dialect
- Short for 白讀／白读 (báidú, “colloquial reading”).
- reactionary; anticommunist
- in vain; for nothing
- 我們沒有白忙。 / 我们没有白忙。 ― Wǒmen méiyǒu bái máng. ― Our efforts were not in vain.
- 她白等了。 ― Tā bái děng le. ― She waited in vain.
- 他們的血沒有白流。 [MSC, trad.]
- 他们的血没有白流。 [MSC, simp.]
-
- Tāmen de xuè méiyǒu bái liú. [Pinyin]
- Their blood was not shed in vain.
- 所有的工作都白做了。 [MSC, trad. and simp.]
-
- Suǒyǒu de gōngzuò dōu bái zuò le. [Pinyin]
- All the work has been done for nothing.
- 白來一趟 / 白来一趟 ― bái lái yītàng ― to come in vain; to come for nothing
- 白給的東西 / 白给的东西 ― báigěi de dōngxī ― something given for nothing
- free of charge; gratuitous; gratis
- to stare coldly; to stare at someone with the white of the eyes
- to explain; to present; to state
- to mispronounce or wrongly write a character
- spoken lines in opera
- funeral
- A surname. Bai
Compounds[edit]
Derived terms from 白
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See also[edit]
| Colors in Chinese · 顏色／颜色 (yánsè) (layout · text) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 紅色／红色 (hóngsè) | 綠色／绿色 (lǜsè) | 黃色／黄色 (huángsè) | 奶油色 | 白色 (báisè) |
| 豔紅色／艳红色 (yànhóngsè) | 洋紅色／洋红色 | 深青色 | 青檸色／青柠色 | 粉紅色／粉红色 (fěnhóngsè) |
| 靛色 | 藍色／蓝色 (lánsè) | 橙色 (chéngsè) | 灰色 (huīsè) | 紫羅蘭色／紫罗兰色 (zǐluólán sè) |
| 黑色 (hēisè) | 紫色 (zǐsè) | 棕色 (zōngsè), 褐色 (hèsè) | 天藍色／天蓝色 (tiānlánsè) | 青色 (qīngsè) |
Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
白
Readings[edit]
- Goon: びゃく (byaku, Jōyō)
- Kan’on: はく (haku, Jōyō)
- Sōon: ぱい (pai)
- Kun: しろ (shiro, 白, Jōyō); しろい (shiroi, 白い, Jōyō); しら (shira, 白, Jōyō, uncommon); もうす (mōsu, 白)
Compounds[edit]
Compounds
- 白銀 (hakugin)
- 曝白 (bakuhaku): whitening in exposure to the sun
- 白毫 (byakugō): urna
- 白芷 (byakushi): Angelica dahurica, additionally, its root used in traditional Chinese medicine; Heracleum sphondylium var. nipponicum
- 白檀 (byakudan): Indian sandalwood
- 白夜 (byakuya): midnight sun
- 白緑 (byakuroku): whitish green
- 白狐 (byakko): white fox; arctic fox
- 白雨 (hakuu)
- 白色 (hakushoku): white
- 潔白 (keppaku)
- 漂白 (hyōhaku)
- 腕白 (wanpaku): naughty
- 白書 (hakusho): white paper
- 白癬 (hakusen)
Etymology 1[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 白 |
| しろ Grade: 1 |
| kun'yomi |
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms
- 白蟻 (shiroari): termite, white ant
- 白腹 (shirohara): pale thrush
Noun[edit]
- white, Old Japanese pronunciation, now only seen in compounds
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms
- 白髪 (shiraga): white hair
- 白鳥 (shiratori): swan
- 白羽 (shiraha): white feather
- 白地 (shiraji): white background
- 白樺 (shirakaba): Japanese white birch
- 白木 (shiraki): plain wood, unfinished woodwork
- 白雪 (shirayuki): white snow
- 白旗 (shirahata): white flag
- 白浜 (shirahama): white sandy beach
- 白壁 (shirakabe): white plaster wall
- 白子 (shirako): soft roe, milt
- 白百合 (shirayuri): white lily
- 白糸 (shiraito): white thread
- 白菊 (shiragiku): white chrysanthemum
- 白鷺 (shirasagi): generic name for herons with all-white plumage (inc. egrets)
- 白州 (shirasu), 白洲 (shirasu), 白沙 (shirasu): bar of white sand
- 白梅 (shiraume): white plum blossoms; white Japanese apricot; white-blossomed plum
- 白む (shiramu): to grow light; to become white; to turn grey (gray)
- 白雲 (shirakumo): white clouds
- 白玉 (shiratama): white gem (e.g. pearl)
- 白玉椿 (shiratamatsubaki): common camelia
- 白ける (shirakeru):
- 白子干し (shirasuboshi): dried young sardines
- 白刃 (shiraha): drawn sword, naked sword
- 白滝 (shirataki): sheet-like waterfall
- 白茶ける (shirachakeru): to fade, to discolor
- 白白しい (shirajirashii), 白々しい (shirajirashii): pure-white, very clear
- 白魚 (shirauo): icefish
- 白帆 (shiraho): white sail
- 白露 (shiratsuyu): glistening dew
- 白砂 (shirasuna): white sand
- 白太 (shirata): sapwood
- 白癩 (shirahatake): vitiligo
- 白絹 (shiraginu): white silk
Etymology 2[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 白 |
| はく Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi |
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
Related terms[edit]
See also[edit]
| Colors in Japanese · 色 (iro) (layout · text) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 赤 (aka) | 緑 (midori), 青 (ao) (dated) |
黄色 (kiiro) | クリーム色 (kurīmuiro) | 白 (shiro) |
| 深紅 (shinku), クリムゾン (kurimuzon), 紅色 (beniiro), 紅色 (kurenaiiro) |
マゼンタ (mazenta) | 鴨の羽色 (kamo no hane iro) | 黄緑 (kimidori) | ピンク (pinku), 桃色 (momoiro) |
| 藍色 (aiiro), インジゴ (injigo) |
青 (ao) | オレンジ (orenji), 橙色 (daidaiiro) |
灰色 (haiiro), 鼠色 (nezumiiro) (dated) |
菫色 (sumireiro) |
| 黒 (kuro) | 紫 (murasaki) | 茶色 (chairo), 褐色 (kasshoku) |
水色 (mizuiro) | シアン (shian) |
References[edit]
Korean[edit]
Hanja[edit]
白 • (baek, pa)
See also[edit]
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
Adjective[edit]
白
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