相似

Chinese

		each other; appearance; portrait each other; appearance; portrait; picture; one another; mutually	to seem; to appear; similar to seem; to appear; similar; like; to resemble
trad. (相似)		相	似
simp. #(相似)		相	似

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): xiāngsì

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄤ ㄙˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): soeng¹ ci⁵

• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): siong-sǐr / siong-sū / siang-sū

  (Teochew, Peng'im): siang¹ se⁶

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: xiāngsì
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄤ ㄙˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: siangsìh
    • Wade–Giles: hsiang¹-ssŭ⁴
    • Yale: syāng-sz̀
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiangsyh
    • Palladius: сянсы (sjansy)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ sz̩⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: soeng¹ ci⁵
    • Yale: sēung chíh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: soeng¹ tsi⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: sêng¹ qi⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sœːŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰiː¹³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siong-sǐr
    • Tâi-lô: siong-sǐr
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /siɔŋ³³ sɯ²²/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siong-sū
    • Tâi-lô: siong-sū
    • Phofsit Daibuun: siongsu
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /siɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² su²²/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siang-sū
    • Tâi-lô: siang-sū
    • Phofsit Daibuun: siangsu
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /siaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² su²²/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: siang¹ se⁶
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: siang sṳ̆
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /siaŋ³³⁻²³ sɯ³⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: sjang ziX

Rime
Character	相	似
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	心 (16)	邪 (17)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	息良切	詳里切
Baxter	sjang	ziX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/sɨɐŋ/	/zɨX/
Pan Wuyun	/siɐŋ/	/zɨX/
Shao Rongfen	/siɑŋ/	/zieX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/sɨaŋ/	/zɨX/
Li Rong	/siaŋ/	/ziəX/
Wang Li	/sĭaŋ/	/zĭəX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/si̯aŋ/	/ziX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xiāng	sì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	soeng1	zi6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[s]aŋ  sə.ləʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*slaŋ  ljɯʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	相	似
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xiāng	sì
Middle Chinese	‹ sjang ›	‹ ziX ›
Old Chinese	/*[s]aŋ/	/*sə.ləʔ/
English	mutually	resemble
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	相	似
Reading #	1/2	1/1
No.	13579	14925
Phonetic component	相	以
Rime group	陽	之
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	襄	似
Old Chinese	/*slaŋ/	/*ljɯʔ/
Notes		說文做佀金文從臺

Adjective

相似

1. similar; alike
2. (geometry, of two shapes) similar

Synonyms

• (similar): 相近 (xiāngjìn)

Verb

相似

1. to be similar; to be alike
2. (geometry, of two shapes) to be similar

Synonyms

edit

• 好像 (hǎoxiàng)
• 嫌 (xián) (literary, or in compounds)
• 接近 (jiējìn)
• 相仿 (xiāngfǎng)
• 相像 (xiāngxiàng)
• 相若 (xiāngruò)
• 相近 (xiāngjìn)
• 相類 / 相类 (xiānglèi)
• 近似 (jìnsì)
• 逼肖 (bīxiào) (literary, to bear a close resemblance to)
• 隨 / 随 (suí) (Northern Mandarin, of a parent in appearance or disposition)
• 雷同 (léitóng)
• 類似 / 类似 (lèisì)
• 類同 / 类同 (lèitóng)

Derived terms

• 相似三角形
• 相似多邊形 / 相似多边形 (xiāngsì duōbiānxíng)
• 相似度 (xiāngsìdù)
• 相似形 (xiāngsìxíng)
• 相似性 (xiāngsìxìng)
• 相似相溶 (xiāngsì-xiāngróng)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (相似):

• → Japanese: 相(そう)似(じ) (sōji)
• → Korean: 상사(相似) (sangsa)
• → Vietnamese: tương tự (相似)

See also

• 全等 (quánděng)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
相	似
そう Grade: 3	じ Grade: 5
on'yomi

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) そーじ [sòójí] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [so̞ːʑi]

Noun

相(そう)似(じ) • (sōji) ^{←さうじ (sauzi)?}

1. resemblance, similarity

Verb

相(そう)似(じ)する • (sōji suru) ^{←さうじ (sauzi)?}suru (stem 相(そう)似(じ)し (sōji shi), past 相(そう)似(じ)した (sōji shita))

1. resemble

Conjugation

Conjugation of "相似する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	相似し	そうじし	sōji shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	相似し	そうじし	sōji shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	相似する	そうじする	sōji suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	相似する	そうじする	sōji suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	相似すれ	そうじすれ	sōji sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	相似せよ¹ 相似しろ²	そうじせよ¹ そうじしろ²	sōji seyo¹ sōji shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	相似される	そうじされる	sōji sareru
Causative	相似させる 相似さす	そうじさせる そうじさす	sōji saseru sōji sasu
Potential	相似できる	そうじできる	sōji dekiru
Volitional	相似しよう	そうじしよう	sōji shiyō
Negative	相似しない	そうじしない	sōji shinai
Negative continuative	相似せず	そうじせず	sōji sezu
Formal	相似します	そうじします	sōji shimasu
Perfective	相似した	そうじした	sōji shita
Conjunctive	相似して	そうじして	sōji shite
Hypothetical conditional	相似すれば	そうじすれば	sōji sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

References

• “相似”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Hanja in this term
相	似

Noun

相似 • (sangsa) (hangeul 상사)

1. hanja form^? of 상사

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
相	似

Adjective

相似

1. chữ Hán form of tương tự