碣

碣 U+78A3, 碣 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-78A3 ← 碢 [U+78A2] CJK Unified Ideographs 碤 → [U+78A4]

Translingual

Han character

碣 (Kangxi radical 112, 石+9, 14 strokes, Cangjie input 一口日心女 (MRAPV), four-corner 1662₇, composition ⿰石曷)

1. stone tablet

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 833, character 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24326
• Dae Jaweon: page 1249, character 23
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2443, character 4
• Unihan data for U+78A3

Chinese

trad.		碣
simp. #		碣

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 碣
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (曷) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
愒	*kʰaːds, *kʰrads, *kʰrad
馤	*qaːds
靄	*qaːds, *qaːd
餲	*qraːds, *qrads, *ɡaːd, *qaːd
喝	*qraːds, *qʰoːb, *qʰaːd
揭	*kʰrads, *ked, *kʰrad, *ɡrad, *kad, *ɡad
偈	*ɡrads, *ɡrad
猲	*kʰob, *qʰaːd, *qʰad
葛	*kaːd
輵	*kaːd
獦	*klaːd, *rab
渴	*kʰaːd, *ɡrad
嵑	*kʰaːd
暍	*qʰaːd, *qad
曷	*ɡaːd
褐	*ɡaːd
鶡	*ɡaːd
毼	*ɡaːd
蝎	*ɡaːd
鞨	*ɡaːd, *ɢljad
遏	*qaːd
齃	*qaːd
堨	*qaːd
擖	*kʰreːd, *kraːd, *r'aːb
楬	*kʰraːd, *ɡrad, *ɡad
朅	*kʰrad
藒	*kʰrad
竭	*ɡrad, *ɡad
碣	*ɡrad, *ɡad
羯	*kad
鍻	*kad
歇	*qʰad
蠍	*qʰad
謁	*qad

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jié (jie²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄝˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): kit³
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): khie̍t / khia̍t

  (Hailu, HRS): kied^ˋ

• Eastern Min (BUC): giék
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): keh⁶
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): kia̍t / khia̍t

  (Teochew, Peng'im): giêg⁴ / giag⁴ / gig⁴ / gêg⁴

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jié
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄝˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jié
    • Wade–Giles: chieh²
    • Yale: jyé
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jye
    • Palladius: цзе (cze)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: kit³
    • Yale: kit
    • Cantonese Pinyin: kit⁸
    • Guangdong Romanization: kid³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰiːt̚³/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khie̍t
    • Hakka Romanization System: kied
    • Hagfa Pinyim: kiad⁶
    • Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯et̚⁵/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khia̍t
    • Hakka Romanization System: kiad
    • Hagfa Pinyim: kiad⁶
    • Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯at̚⁵/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: kied^ˋ
    • Sinological IPA: /kʰiet²/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: giék
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiɛʔ²⁴/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: keh⁶
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: keh
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɛʔ²¹/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: keh⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɛʔ²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kia̍t
    • Tâi-lô: kia̍t
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kiat
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /kiɛt̚⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɛt̚¹²¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɛt̚²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khia̍t
    • Tâi-lô: khia̍t
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qiat
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰiɛt̚²⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /kʰiɛt̚⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰiɛt̚¹²¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: giêg⁴ / giag⁴ / gig⁴ / gêg⁴
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kiek / kiak / kik / kek
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiek̚²/, /kiak̚²/, /kik̚²/, /kek̚²/

Note:

• Lliterary reading:
  • giêg4 - Chaozhou;
  • giag4 - Chaoyang, Chenghai, Jieyang, Raoping, Shantou.
• Alternative reading:
  • gig4 - Chaozhou, Chaoyang, Chenghai, Raoping, Shantou;
  • gêg4 - Jieyang.

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• Middle Chinese: gjot, gjet

Rime
Character	碣	碣
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	群 (30)	群 (30)
Final (韻)	月 (67)	薛 (83)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	其謁切	渠列切
Baxter	gjot	gjet
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɡɨɐt̚/	/ɡˠiᴇt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ɡiɐt̚/	/ɡᵚiɛt̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ɡiɐt̚/	/ɡiæt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/gɨat̚/	/giat̚/
Li Rong	/ɡiɐt̚/	/ɡjɛt̚/
Wang Li	/ɡĭɐt̚/	/ɡĭɛt̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/gɨ̯ɐt̚/	/gi̯ɛt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jié	jié
Expected Cantonese Reflex	git6	git6

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡrad/, /*ɡad/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	碣	碣
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	5052	5061
Phonetic component	曷	曷
Rime group	月	月
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	傑	𢷒
Old Chinese	/*ɡrad/	/*ɡad/

Definitions

碣

1. large stone with inscriptions

Pronunciation 2

• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khat

---

• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khat
    • Tâi-lô: khat
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qad
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰat̚⁵/

Definitions

碣

1. (Quanzhou Hokkien) step (on a flight of stairs)

   石碣 [Hokkien]  ―  chio̍h khat [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  stone step

2. (Quanzhou Hokkien) elevated area

   斟酌，這搭有一碣。 [Hokkien, trad.]
   斟酌，这搭有一碣。 [Hokkien, simp.]

   Chim-chiok, chit-tah ǔ chi̍t khat. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]

   Be careful, there's an elevated area here.

Synonyms

• (flight of steps): 階梯／阶梯 (jiētī); (Hokkien) 崎

References

• “碣”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “碣”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 110.

Japanese

Kanji

碣

(Hyōgai kanji)

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Readings

• On (unclassified): けつ (ketsu)
• Kun: いしぶみ (ishibumi)

Korean

Hanja

碣 • (gal, ge) (hangeul 갈, 게, revised gal, ge, McCune–Reischauer kal, ke, Yale kal, key)

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Vietnamese

Han character

碣: Hán Nôm readings: kiệt

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