禁

Translingual

Han character

禁 (radical 113 示+8, 13 strokes, cangjie input 木木一一火 (DDMMF), four-corner 4490₁, composition ⿱林示)

1. restrict, prohibit, forbid

References

• KangXi: page 844, character 10
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24743
• Dae Jaweon: page 1264, character 11
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2400, character 4
• Unihan data for U+7981

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		禁

Glyph origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *krɯm, *krɯms): phonetic 林 ‎(OC *ɡ·rɯm) + semantic 示 ‎(“altar”)

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jìn (jin⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄣˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gam³, gam¹, kam¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kim
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): kìm

  (Teochew, Peng'im): gim³

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: jìn
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄣˋ
    • Wade-Giles: chin⁴
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jinn
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕin⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: gam³, gam¹, kam¹
    • Yale: gam, gām, kām
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gam³, gam¹, kam¹
    • IPA ^(key): /kɐm³³/, /kɐm⁵⁵/, /kʰɐm⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kim
    • Hakka Romanization System: gim
    • Hagfa Pinyim: gim⁴
    • IPA: /kim⁵⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kìm
    • Tâi-lô: kìm
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kixm
    • IPA (Taipei): /kim¹¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kim²¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: gim³
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kìm
    • IPA ^(key): /kim²¹³/

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• Middle Chinese: /kˠiɪm/, /kˠiɪm^H/▼

Rime
Character	禁	禁
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	侵 (140)	侵 (140)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	Chongniu III	Chongniu III
Fanqie	居吟切	居蔭切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠiɪm/	/kˠiɪmH/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚim/	/kᵚimH/
Shao Rongfen	/kiem/	/kiemH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kjim/	/kjimH/
Li Rong	/kjəm/	/kjəmH/
Wang Li	/kĭĕm/	/kĭĕmH/
Bernard Karlgren	/ki̯əm/	/ki̯əmH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jīn	jìn

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter-Sagart): /*kr[ə]m-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*krɯm/, /*krɯms/

Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	禁
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jìn
Middle Chinese	‹ kimH ›
Old Chinese	/*kr[ə]m-s/
English	prohibit
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	禁	禁
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	8180	8181
Phonetic component	林	林
Rime group	侵	侵
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	金	禁
Old Chinese	/*krɯm/	/*krɯms/

Definitions

禁

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Japanese

Kanji

禁

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. prohibition

Readings

• Goon: こん (kon)
• Kan’on: きん (kin)
• Kun: とどめる (todomeru), たえる (taeru)

Compounds

Compounds

禁漁 (きんりょう) ‎(kinryō), 禁漁 (きんぎょ) ‎(kingyo): prohibition on fishing 禁猟 (きんりょう) ‎(kinryō): prohibition on hunting 軟禁 (なんきん) ‎(nankin): house arrest

Kanji in this term
禁
きん Grade: 5
on'yomi

Pronunciation

• On'yomi: Kan'on
• (Tokyo) き​ん [kíꜜǹ] (Atamadaka - [1])
• IPA^(key): [kʲĩɴ]

Noun

禁 ‎(hiragana きん, romaji kin)

1. prohibition

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Korean

Hanja

禁 • ‎(geum) (hangeul 금, revised geum, McCune-Reischauer kŭm, Yale kum)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

禁 (cấm, bấm, quắm)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.