窖

See also: 窌

窖 U+7A96, 窖 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7A96 ← 窕 [U+7A95] CJK Unified Ideographs 窗 → [U+7A97]

Translingual

Han character

窖 (Kangxi radical 116, 穴+7, 12 strokes, Cangjie input 十金竹土口 (JCHGR), four-corner 3060₁, composition ⿱穴告)

Derived characters

• 𡑛, 𣽸, 𨻴, 𨅻, 𪆥, 𫛕

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 865, character 31
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25516
• Dae Jaweon: page 1294, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2731, character 9
• Unihan data for U+7A96

Chinese

trad.		窖
simp. #		窖
alternative forms		𥥭 𡑛 𥧦 𥦿 窌

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (告) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
造	*skʰuːɡs, *sɡuːʔ
慥	*skʰuːɡs
艁	*skʰuːɡs, *sɡuːʔ
糙	*skʰuːɡs
告	*kuːɡs, *kuːɡ
誥	*kuːɡs
郜	*kuːɡs, *kuːɡ
祰	*kʰuːʔ, *kuːɡ
靠	*kʰuːɡs
浩	*ɡuːʔ, *kuːb
晧	*ɡuːʔ
皓	*ɡuːʔ
窖	*kruːɡs
簉	*skʰruɡs
梏	*kruːɡ, *kuːɡ
硞	*kʰruːɡ, *kʰuːɡ
牿	*kuːɡ
鵠	*kuːɡ, *ɡuːɡ
酷	*kʰuːɡ
焅	*kʰuːɡ
嚳	*kʰuːɡ
頶	*ɡuːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kruːɡs): semantic 穴 (“hole; cave”) + phonetic 告 (OC *kuːɡs, *kuːɡ).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jiào (jiao⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄠˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gaau³
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): kau

  (Hailu, HRS): gau^ˇ

  (Meixian, Guangdong): gau⁴

• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): kàu

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ga³

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jiào
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄠˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jiào
    • Wade–Giles: chiao⁴
    • Yale: jyàu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiaw
    • Palladius: цзяо (czjao)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: gaau³
    • Yale: gaau
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gaau³
    • Guangdong Romanization: gao³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaːu̯³³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kau
    • Hakka Romanization System: gau
    • Hagfa Pinyim: gau⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /kau̯⁵⁵/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: gau^ˇ
    • Sinological IPA: /kau¹¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: gau⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /kau⁵³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kàu
    • Tâi-lô: kàu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kaux
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /kau⁴¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kau²¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ga³
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kà
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ka²¹³/

---

• Middle Chinese: kaewH

Rime
Character	窖
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	肴 (90)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	古孝切
Baxter	kaewH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠauH/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚauH/
Shao Rongfen	/kauH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kaɨwH/
Li Rong	/kauH/
Wang Li	/kauH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kauH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiào
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gaau3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤruk-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kruːɡs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	窖
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jiào
Middle Chinese	‹ kæwH ›
Old Chinese	/*kˁruk-s/
English	cave
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	窖
Reading #	1/1
No.	3813
Phonetic component	告
Rime group	奧
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	敎
Old Chinese	/*kruːɡs/

Definitions

窖

1. pit; cellar

   冰窖  ―  bīngjiào  ―  icehouse

   酒窖  ―  jiǔjiào  ―  wine cellar

2. to store in a cellar
3. (obsolete) deep

Synonyms

• (cellar):

edit

• 地窖 (dìjiào)
• 地窨 (dìyìn)
• 地窨子 (dìyìnzi) (colloquial)
• 地藏 (dìzàng) (Classical Chinese)
• 地陷 (tē-hām) (Hokkien)
• 地陷跤 (tē-hām-kha) (Xiamen Hokkien)

Compounds

• 冰天雪窖
• 冰窖 (bīngjiào)
• 囷窖
• 地窖 (dìjiào)
• 窖肥 (jiàoféi)
• 窖藏
• 窟窖
• 竇窖 / 窦窖
• 糞窖子 / 粪窖子
• 菜窖
• 酒窖 (jiǔjiào)
• 雪窖
• 雪窖冰天

References

• “窖”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

窖

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: きょう (kyō)
• Kan-on: こう (kō)
• Kun: あなぐら (anagura, 窖)

Compounds

• 地窖(ちこう) (chikō): hole dug in the ground, cellar

Etymology

Kanji in this term
窖
あなぐら Hyōgai
kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 窖 – see the following entry.

【あなぐら】 [noun] cellar Alternative spellings 穴蔵, 穴倉

(This term, 窖, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

References

• “^▲窖”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[2] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Vietnamese

Han character

窖: Hán Việt readings: kháo, giáo, khiếu, diếu
窖: Nôm readings: khiếu, khéo

1. chữ Hán form of giáo (“pit; cellar”)
2. chữ Nôm form of khéo
   1. skillful; capable; adroit
   2. strange; odd; ridiculous; laughable; difficult to understand
      • 1820, 阮攸 [Nguyễn Du], compiled by Liễu Văn Đường, 傳翹 [Truyện Kiều], published 1866, line 2:

        𡦂(chữ)才(tài)𡦂(chữ)命(mệnh)𱺵(khéo)才(là)恄(ghét)饒(nhau)

        Talent and fate are always apt to strife.