粒

粒 U+7C92, 粒 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7C92 ← 粑 [U+7C91] CJK Unified Ideographs 粓 → [U+7C93]

Translingual

Han character

粒 (radical 119, 米+5, 11 strokes, cangjie input 火木卜廿 (FDYT), four-corner 9091₈, composition ⿰米立)

Derived characters

• 𨅀, 𩻑

References

• KangXi: page 907, character 22
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 26884
• Dae Jaweon: page 1333, character 7
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3145, character 12
• Unihan data for U+7C92

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		粒

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 粒
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (立) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
涖	*rɯːbs, *rɯbs
莅	*rɯbs, *rɯbs
蒞	*rɯbs
位	*ɢʷrɯbs
拉	*ruːb
菈	*ruːb
颯	*sluːb
立	*rɯb
粒	*rɯb
笠	*ɡ·rɯb
砬	*rɯb
岦	*rɯb
苙	*ɡ·rɯb, *ɡrɯb
鴗	*rɯb
雴	*r̥ʰɯb
泣	*kʰrɯb

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *rɯb): semantic 米 (“rice”) + phonetic 立 (OC *rɯb).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): lì (li⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): nap¹, lap¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): lia̍p
• Min Nan (POJ): lia̍p / li̍p

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: lì
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄧˋ
    • Wade–Giles: li4
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lih
    • Tongyong Pinyin: lì
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /li⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: nap¹, lap¹
    • Yale: nāp, lāp
    • Cantonese Pinyin: nap⁷, lap⁷
    • Guangdong Romanization: neb¹, leb¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /nɐp̚⁵/, /lɐp̚⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lia̍p
    • Hakka Romanization System: liab
    • Hagfa Pinyim: liab⁶
    • Sinological IPA: /li̯ap̚⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lia̍p
    • Tâi-lô: lia̍p
    • Phofsit Daibuun: liap
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /liap̚²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /liap̚¹²¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /liap̚⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: li̍p
    • Tâi-lô: li̍p
    • Phofsit Daibuun: lip
    • IPA (Xiamen): /lip̚⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /lip̚¹²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /lip̚²⁴/

Note:

• lia̍p - vernacular;
• li̍p - literary.

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• Middle Chinese: /liɪp̚/

Rime
Character	粒
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	緝 (141)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	力入切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/liɪp̚/
Pan Wuyun	/lip̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ljep̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lip̚/
Li Rong	/liəp̚/
Wang Li	/lĭĕp̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/li̯əp̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lì

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*p.rəp/

  (Zhengzhang): /*rɯb/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	粒
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	lì
Middle Chinese	‹ lip ›
Old Chinese	/*p.rəp/
English	grains of rice
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	粒
Reading #	1/1
No.	7870
Phonetic component	立
Rime group	緝
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	立
Old Chinese	/*rɯb/

Definitions

粒

1. grain

   誰知盤中餐粒粒皆辛苦？ [Classical Chinese, trad.]
   谁知盘中餐粒粒皆辛苦？ [Classical Chinese, simp.]

   From: Tang Dynasty, 李紳 [Li Shen], 憫農 [Pitying the Farmer]

   Shuí zhī pán zhōng cān lì lì jiē xīnkǔ? [Pinyin]

   Who is aware that every grain of the meal in the plate is of toil?

2. small particle
3. Classifier for small, round objects: granule, grain, particle, piece ⇒ all nouns using this classifier

   一粒米  ―  yī lì mǐ  ―  a grain of rice

   一粒糖 [Cantonese]  ―  jat¹ lap¹ tong^4-2 [Jyutping]  ―  a piece of candy

4. (Hokkien, Singapore and Malaysia Mandarin) Classifier for round, solid objects.

   一粒西瓜  ―  yī lì xīguā  ―  a watermelon

   • 故鄉彼粒山　永遠徛佇遐　毋知幾冬 [Taiwanese, trad.]
     故乡彼粒山　永远徛伫遐　毋知几冬 [Taiwanese, simp.]

     From: 2018, 許富凱 and 蔡佳麟 (lyricist 徐偉銘), 《疼憨人》

     kò͘-hiong hit lia̍p soaⁿ; éng-oán khiā tī hia; m̄-chai kúi tang [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]

     The mountain in my hometown stands there forever, for who knows how many years.

Compounds

• 半粒
• 反粒子 (fǎnlìzǐ)
• 團粒／团粒
• 基本粒子 (jīběn lìzǐ)
• 微粒 (wēilì)
• 晶粒生長／晶粒生长
• 杯水粒粟
• 玉粒
• 番麥粒／番麦粒
• 米粒 (mǐlì)
• 米粒之珠

• 籽粒 (zǐlì)
• 粒兒／粒儿
• 粒子 (lìzǐ)
• 粒度
• 粒米束薪
• 粒米狼戾
• 粒肥
• 粒變岩／粒变岩
• 粒選／粒选
• 粒雪
• 細顆粒物／细颗粒物 (xìkēlìwù)

• 絕粒／绝粒
• 線粒體／线粒体 (xiànlìtǐ)
• 脫粒／脱粒 (tuōlì)
• 辟穀絕粒／辟谷绝粒
• 阿伐粒子
• 顆粒／颗粒 (kēlì)
• 顆粒性／颗粒性
• 顆粒物／颗粒物 (kēlìwù)
• 飛芻輓粒／飞刍輓粒
• 飯粒／饭粒 (fànlì)
• 麥粒腫／麦粒肿 (màilìzhǒng)

Further reading

• “Entry #7738”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.

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Japanese

Kanji

粒

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. grains
2. drop
3. counter for tiny particles

Readings

• Go-on: りゅう (ryū, Jōyō)^{←りふ (rifu, historical)}
• Kan-on: りゅう (ryū, Jōyō)^{←りふ (rifu, historical)}
• Kun: つぶ (tsubu, 粒, Jōyō)

Compounds

• 粒(りゅう)子(し) (ryūshi)

Noun

粒(つぶ) • (tsubu)

1. grain, bead, drop

Counter

粒(つぶ) • (-tsubu)

1. counter for small round objects including grains, seeds, pills, drops

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Korean

Hanja

粒 • (rip, ip) (hangeul 립, 입, revised rip, ip, McCune–Reischauer rip, ip, Yale lip, ip)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

粒: Hán Nôm readings: lạp, lép

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation